Objective: To investigate the status of salt-restriction spoons use among residents in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide evidence for optimizing salt-reduction intervention strategies and preventing chronic disease. Methods: Residents aged 18-69 from five counties (cities/districts) in Zhejiang Province were selected using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and salt-restriction spoons use were collected using questionnaires. The rate of salt-restriction spoons use and correct rate of salt-restriction spoons use were analyzed. Factors affecting salt-restriction spoons use among residents were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 7 601 questionnaires were allocated, and 7 509 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.79%. The respondents included 3 744 males (49.86%) and 3 765 females (50.14%). The mean age was (44.81±14.03) years. The rate of salt-restriction spoons use was 11.97%, the correct rate of salt-restriction spoon use was 52.73%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that rural (OR=0.851, 95%CI: 0.731-0.991), education level of primary school and below (illiterate or semi-literate, OR=0.269, 95%CI: 0.172-0.420; primary school, OR=0.595, 95%CI: 0.436-0.811), and excessive dietary salt intake (OR=0.718, 95%CI: 0.559-0.922) were inhibiting factors for salt-restriction spoons use among residents; physical exercise (OR=1.581, 95%CI: 1.362-1.836) and received health education on a low-salt diet (OR=2.082, 95%CI: 1.790-2.421) were promoting factors for salt-restriction spoons use among residents. Conclusions The rate of salt-restriction spoons use among residents in Zhejiang Province was relatively low, primarily influenced by region, educational level, physical activity, dietary salt intake, and health education on a low-salt diet. It is recommended that propose a multi-component intervention strategy centered on skill enhancement and health education, delivered through progressive staged implementation, to promote sustained adoption of salt-restriction spoons among residents.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical equivalence between a domestic calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment and the originator product in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group, active- and placebo-controlled study was conducted, and 449 patients aged 18 - 65 years with stable plaque psoriasis were enrolled from 25 hospitals (such as the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University). Eligible patients had a baseline physician's global assessment (PGA) score of ≥ 3 points, baseline body surface area (BSA) involvement of 5% - 30%, and a target lesion psoriasis area and severity index (TL-PASI) for plaque elevation of ≥ 3 points. Participants were randomly assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio to the test group ( n = 179), reference group ( n = 180), and placebo group ( n = 90), and applied the domestic calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment, originator product, and ointment base respectively, once daily in the evening for 4 weeks. Efficacy and safety were assessed at weeks 1, 2, and 4. The primary efficacy endpoints were the treatment success rates and clinical success rates in each group at week 4. The per-protocol set (PPS) was used for the primary efficacy analysis, and the intention-to-treat (ITT) set for supplementary efficacy analysis. Equivalence between the test and reference preparations was tested using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method adjusted for randomization strata. Superiority of the test and reference preparations over the placebo was also tested. Measurement data were compared among the 3 groups using analysis of variance or non-parametric tests, while treatment success rates, clinical success rates, and incidence rates of adverse reactions were compared using the chi-square test. Results:The ITT, PPS, and safety sets included 447, 420, and 448 patients, respectively. In the ITT set, patients were aged 43.6 ± 12.8 years, including 320 (71.6%) males and 127 (28.4%) females, and the disease duration was 11.21 ± 9.05 years; 316 (70.7%) had a PGA score of 3 points and 131 (29.3%) had a PGA score of 4 - 5 points. No significant differences in the baseline characteristics (including age, sex, disease duration and disease severity) were observed among the 3 groups (all P > 0.05). Based on the PPS analysis, the treatment success rates were 57.9% (99/171) in the test group, 50.3% (86/171) in the reference group, and 7.7% (6/78) in the placebo group, and the clinical success rates were 57.9% (99/171), 50.3% (86/171), and 10.3% (8/78), respectively; both the test and reference groups were superior to the placebo group in both treatment and clinical success rates (all P < 0.001) ; the rate differences for treatment success (90% confidence interval [ CI]: -1.3% - 16.4%) and clinical success (90% CI: -1.3% - 16.3%) between the test and reference groups were entirely within the pre-defined equivalence margin (-20% - 20%). Subgroup analyses by baseline PGA scores: for patients with a baseline PGA score of 3 points, the treatment success rates in the test, reference, and placebo groups were 60.8% (73/120), 52.1% (62/119), and 11.1% (6/54), respectively, and the corresponding clinical success rates were 61.7% (74/120), 53.8% (64/119), and 13% (7/54), respectively; the test and reference groups did not differ significantly in treatment or clinical success rates (both P > 0.05), but both showed higher success rates than the placebo group (all P < 0.001) ; the results of statistical comparisons among the 3 groups in patients with a baseline PGA score of 4 - 5 points were consistent with those observed in patients with a baseline PGA score of 3 points. The percentage reductions in PGA and TL-PASI scores from baseline to weeks 1, 2, and 4 showed significant differences among the 3 groups, which were significantly higher in the test and reference groups than in the placebo group (all P < 0.001), but did not differ between the test and reference groups (all P > 0.05). The primary adverse reactions were local skin reactions, such as pruritus, pain, and erythema. The incidence rates of adverse reactions were 8.9% (16/179) in the test group, 7.3% (13/179) in the reference group, and 7.8% (7/90) in the placebo group, with no significant difference among the 3 groups ( P > 0.05) . Conclusions:The domestic calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment demonstrated clinical equivalence to the originator product in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis, and the two agents exhibited comparable efficacy for patients with varying degrees of disease severity, and were comparable in the speed and degree of clinical improvement, with similar favorable safety profiles.

This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)combined with hydrogel feeding training on patients with dysphagia following subacute cerebral infarction,as well as its impact on swallowing function.Methods From February 2022 to February 2024,102 patients with dysphagia after subacute cerebral infarction treated in our hospital were selected and divided into control group,sham stimulation group and observation group,with 34 cases in each group.The control group received hydrogel feeding training,the sham stimulation group received sham stimulation on the basis of the control group,and the observation group received repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation on the basis of the control group.The swallowing function,quality of life,nerve function,neurotrophic factor,nutritional status,respiratory function,cerebral blood flow signal and clinical efficacy of the two groups were measured and compared.Results Compared with pre-treatment,the leak-aspiration score scale(PAS),NIHSS score,and pulse index(PI)were significantly reduced in all groups after treatment.Moreover,the observation group exhibited lower values than both the control group and the pseudostimulation group(P<0.05).In contrast,functional oral intake scale(FOIS),dysphagia-specific quality of life(SWAL-QOL)score,brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),nerve growth factor(NGF),insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1),hemoglobin(Hb),albumin(ALB),forced vital capacity(FVC),one-second forced expiratory volume(FEV1),peak expiratory flow(PEF),peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV),and mean velocity(MV)were significantly increased after treatment compared to pre-treatment.The observation group demonstrated higher values for these parameters compared to the control group and pseudostimu-lation group(P<0.05).Additionally,the clinical efficacy in the observation group was significantly higher(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation and hydrogel feeding training for patients with dysphagia following subacute cerebral infarction can effectively enhance swallowing function,mitigate nerve damage,and improve both nutritional status and quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical equivalence between a domestic calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment and the originator product in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group, active- and placebo-controlled study was conducted, and 449 patients aged 18 - 65 years with stable plaque psoriasis were enrolled from 25 hospitals (such as the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University). Eligible patients had a baseline physician's global assessment (PGA) score of ≥ 3 points, baseline body surface area (BSA) involvement of 5% - 30%, and a target lesion psoriasis area and severity index (TL-PASI) for plaque elevation of ≥ 3 points. Participants were randomly assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio to the test group ( n = 179), reference group ( n = 180), and placebo group ( n = 90), and applied the domestic calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment, originator product, and ointment base respectively, once daily in the evening for 4 weeks. Efficacy and safety were assessed at weeks 1, 2, and 4. The primary efficacy endpoints were the treatment success rates and clinical success rates in each group at week 4. The per-protocol set (PPS) was used for the primary efficacy analysis, and the intention-to-treat (ITT) set for supplementary efficacy analysis. Equivalence between the test and reference preparations was tested using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method adjusted for randomization strata. Superiority of the test and reference preparations over the placebo was also tested. Measurement data were compared among the 3 groups using analysis of variance or non-parametric tests, while treatment success rates, clinical success rates, and incidence rates of adverse reactions were compared using the chi-square test. Results:The ITT, PPS, and safety sets included 447, 420, and 448 patients, respectively. In the ITT set, patients were aged 43.6 ± 12.8 years, including 320 (71.6%) males and 127 (28.4%) females, and the disease duration was 11.21 ± 9.05 years; 316 (70.7%) had a PGA score of 3 points and 131 (29.3%) had a PGA score of 4 - 5 points. No significant differences in the baseline characteristics (including age, sex, disease duration and disease severity) were observed among the 3 groups (all P > 0.05). Based on the PPS analysis, the treatment success rates were 57.9% (99/171) in the test group, 50.3% (86/171) in the reference group, and 7.7% (6/78) in the placebo group, and the clinical success rates were 57.9% (99/171), 50.3% (86/171), and 10.3% (8/78), respectively; both the test and reference groups were superior to the placebo group in both treatment and clinical success rates (all P < 0.001) ; the rate differences for treatment success (90% confidence interval [ CI]: -1.3% - 16.4%) and clinical success (90% CI: -1.3% - 16.3%) between the test and reference groups were entirely within the pre-defined equivalence margin (-20% - 20%). Subgroup analyses by baseline PGA scores: for patients with a baseline PGA score of 3 points, the treatment success rates in the test, reference, and placebo groups were 60.8% (73/120), 52.1% (62/119), and 11.1% (6/54), respectively, and the corresponding clinical success rates were 61.7% (74/120), 53.8% (64/119), and 13% (7/54), respectively; the test and reference groups did not differ significantly in treatment or clinical success rates (both P > 0.05), but both showed higher success rates than the placebo group (all P < 0.001) ; the results of statistical comparisons among the 3 groups in patients with a baseline PGA score of 4 - 5 points were consistent with those observed in patients with a baseline PGA score of 3 points. The percentage reductions in PGA and TL-PASI scores from baseline to weeks 1, 2, and 4 showed significant differences among the 3 groups, which were significantly higher in the test and reference groups than in the placebo group (all P < 0.001), but did not differ between the test and reference groups (all P > 0.05). The primary adverse reactions were local skin reactions, such as pruritus, pain, and erythema. The incidence rates of adverse reactions were 8.9% (16/179) in the test group, 7.3% (13/179) in the reference group, and 7.8% (7/90) in the placebo group, with no significant difference among the 3 groups ( P > 0.05) . Conclusions:The domestic calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment demonstrated clinical equivalence to the originator product in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis, and the two agents exhibited comparable efficacy for patients with varying degrees of disease severity, and were comparable in the speed and degree of clinical improvement, with similar favorable safety profiles.

This study aims to analyze the screening results and epidemiological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City, through the implementation of a preliminary prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on a community-linkage model, and to explore an effective screening approach. A retrospective observational study design was employed to collect data from residents who underwent PSA screening at Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, in collaboration with multiple community health service centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai City, between June 2022 and June 2024, through free clinics and annual health examinations. Prostate biopsy was recommended for individuals with total PSA (tPSA) levels >10 ng/ml and those with 4 ng/ml≤tPSA≤10 ng/ml and abnormal free-to-total PSA (f/tPSA) ratios. Clinical characteristics of detected PCa patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted through phone calls and home visits by family doctors, coupled with enhanced health education. The results indicated that a total of 17 198 residents participated in the screening, among which 2 234 (12.99%) had tPSA levels between 4 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, and 257 (1.49%) had tPSA levels >10 ng/ml. Ultimately, 417 residents underwent prostate biopsy, with 171 being diagnosed with PCa, yielding a positive biopsy rate of 41.00% and a PCa detection rate of 0.99%. The predominant pathological subtype among PCa patients was adenocarcinoma (168 cases, 98.24%). Of the 146 PCa patients who received treatment, the majority were classified as intermediate or high-risk (124 cases, 84.93%). Furthermore, with the optimization of the screening model, there was a significant increase in the proportion of subsequent outpatient visits. In conclusion, the community-linkage-based PSA screening model demonstrated high effectiveness in screening for PCa among elderly males in the rural areas of Songjiang, Shanghai City. Epidemiological findings revealed that PCa patients in this region are primarily composed of intermediate and high-risk groups, highlighting the need for intensified early screening and health education.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)combined with hydrogel feeding training on patients with dysphagia following subacute cerebral infarction,as well as its impact on swallowing function.Methods From February 2022 to February 2024,102 patients with dysphagia after subacute cerebral infarction treated in our hospital were selected and divided into control group,sham stimulation group and observation group,with 34 cases in each group.The control group received hydrogel feeding training,the sham stimulation group received sham stimulation on the basis of the control group,and the observation group received repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation on the basis of the control group.The swallowing function,quality of life,nerve function,neurotrophic factor,nutritional status,respiratory function,cerebral blood flow signal and clinical efficacy of the two groups were measured and compared.Results Compared with pre-treatment,the leak-aspiration score scale(PAS),NIHSS score,and pulse index(PI)were significantly reduced in all groups after treatment.Moreover,the observation group exhibited lower values than both the control group and the pseudostimulation group(P<0.05).In contrast,functional oral intake scale(FOIS),dysphagia-specific quality of life(SWAL-QOL)score,brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),nerve growth factor(NGF),insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1),hemoglobin(Hb),albumin(ALB),forced vital capacity(FVC),one-second forced expiratory volume(FEV1),peak expiratory flow(PEF),peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV),and mean velocity(MV)were significantly increased after treatment compared to pre-treatment.The observation group demonstrated higher values for these parameters compared to the control group and pseudostimu-lation group(P<0.05).Additionally,the clinical efficacy in the observation group was significantly higher(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation and hydrogel feeding training for patients with dysphagia following subacute cerebral infarction can effectively enhance swallowing function,mitigate nerve damage,and improve both nutritional status and quality of life.

Ultrasound,a high-frequency mechanical wave with excellent tissue penetration,has been widely applied in medical diagnostic imaging.Furthermore,it has been reported that ultrasound has broad prospects for extensive applications in the field of disease treatment in recent years due to its non-invasiveness and high efficiency.Ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials have the unique advantages of a small size and a high reactivity.Such materials have the capability for precision control of drug release under ultrasound stimulation,which provides a new approach to enhancing the efficiency of drug therapy.Therefore,these materials have attracted the attention of a wide range of scholars.Inflammation is a defensive response produced by organisms to deal with injuries.However,excessive inflammatory response may lead to various tissue damages in organisms and even endanger patients'lives.Many studies have demonstrated that limiting the inflammatory response using ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials is a viable way of treating diseases.Currently,there are still challenges in the application of ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials in anti-inflammatory therapy.The design and synthesis process of nanomaterials is complicated,and further verification of the biocompatibility and safety of these materials is needed.Therefore,in this review,we summarized and classified common ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials in the field of anti-inflammation and systematically introduced the properties of different nanomaterials.In addition,the anti-inflammatory applications of ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials in various diseases,such as bone diseases,skin and muscle diseases,autoimmune diseases,and respiratory diseases,are also described in detail.It is expected that this review will provide insights for further research and clinical applications in the realms of precision treatment,targeted drug delivery,and clinical trial validation of ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials used in anti-inflammatory therapies.

ObjectiveTo analyze the surveillance status of acute respiratory tract infection pathogens in Fengxian District of Shanghai, and to determine the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory tract infection in the district. MethodsCase surveillance data from Fengxian Central Hospital were collected through the Shanghai Integrated Surveillance System for Acute Respiratory Infections, and respiratory specimens were collected from the 50^th week of 2022 to the 49^th week of 2023 for nucleic acid detection of 25 pathogens and bacterial culture testing. Case surveillance data from Fengxian Central Hospital were collected through the National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System, and respiratory specimens were collected for nucleic acid detection of 5 pathogens. ResultsThe percentage seeking for medical visits of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) were 4.74% and 0.81%, respectively, with epidemic peaks in winter and spring. A total of 1 610 samples were detected, among which 354 were SARI cases, whose age of P₂₅ and P₇₅ quartiles were 44 years and 71 years, respectively, with a positive detection rate of 48.31%. Among the 1 256 ILI cases, the age of P₂₅ and P₇₅ quartiles were 21 years and 39 years, respectively. The positive detection rate of pathogens was 65.04% in 123 ILI cases under comprehensive surveillance of respiratory tract infection and 66.11% in 1 133 ILI cases under influenza surveillance. The positive rates of influenza andSARS-CoV-2 in SARI samples were 12.99% and 29.66%, respectively. The positive rates of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in ILI case samples were 33.20% and 31.53%, respectively. Influenza virus concentrated in the winter and spring. The ILI and SARI cases had the highest positivity rates in the 6‒14 years old group and 15‒24 years old group, respectively. ConclusionThe main pathogens of respiratory tract infection in Fengxian District of Shanghai were SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. Special efforts should be made to monitor respiratory disease pathogens in the population under 24 years old, and surveillance of SARI cases aged ≥60 years should be strengthened. The influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are alternating, which is different from the past and requires a change in the previous prevention and control strategies.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of an intelligent assisted grading algorithm for nuclear cataract using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) images.Methods:A diagnostic test study was conducted.AS-OCT image data were collected from 939 cases of 1 608 eyes of nuclear cataract patients at the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University from November 2020 to September 2021.The data were obtained from the electronic case system and met the requirements for clinical reading clarity.Among them, there were 398 cases of 664 male eyes and 541 cases of 944 female eyes.The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 94 years, with a mean age of (65.7±18.6) years.The AS-OCT images were labelled manually from one to six levels according to the Lens Opacities Classification System Ⅲ (LOCS Ⅲ grading system) by three experienced clinicians.This study proposed a global-local cataract grading algorithm based on multi-level ranking, which contains five basic binary classification global local network (GL-Net).Each GL-Net aggregates multi-scale information, including the cataract nucleus region and original image, for nuclear cataract grading.Based on ablation test and model comparison test, the model's performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1 and Kappa, and all results were cross-validated by five-fold.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinjki and was approrved by Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University (No.21K216).Results:The model achieved the results with an accuracy of 87.81%, precision of 88.88%, sensitivity of 88.33%, F1 of 88.51%, and Kappa of 85.22% on the cataract dataset.The ablation experiments demonstrated that ResNet18 combining local and global features for multi-level ranking classification improved the accuracy, recall, specificity, F1, and Kappa metrics.Compared with ResNet34, VGG16, Ranking-CNN, MRF-Net models, the performance index of this model were improved.Conclusions:The deep learning-based AS-OCT nuclear cataract image multi-level ranking classification algorithm demonstrates high accuracy in grading cataracts.This algorithm may help ophthalmologists in improving the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of nuclear cataract.