ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Weicanqing Formula （微残清方， WF） combined with chemotherapy in treating acute myeloid leukemia （AML） based on malic enzyme 2 （ME2）-mediated bone marrow immune-metabolic homeostasis and . MethodsSixty-five male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， WF group， chemotherapy group， and the combination group （WF plus chemotherapy）， with 13 mice per group. Except for the control group， mice were injected with C1498 cells （appro-ximately 1×10⁶ cells per mouse） via the tail vein on day 1 to establish an AML model. Starting from day 8， mice in the chemotherapy group and the combination group were administered with cytarabine at 30 mg/（kg·d） via subcutaneous injection， once daily for 3 consecutive days； WF group and the combination group received WF at 7.54 g/（kg·d） by gavage， once daily for 21 consecutive days. On days 1， 7， 14， 21 and 28， hemoglobin （Hb） and white blood cell （WBC） levels were determined in each group. On day 28， Giemsa staining was used to observe morphological changes in bone marrow cells. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the expression levels of bone marrow T lympthocyte subsets， including CD8⁺， CD4⁺， and regulatory T lymphocytes （Treg）. The contents of glutamine （Gln）， nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADP⁺）， and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） in bone marrow were determined using visible spectrophotometry. Adenosine triphosphate （ATP） concentration in bone marrow was measured by chemiluminescence assay. The mRNA expression of malic enzyme 2 （ME2） in bone marrow was detected by RT-qPCR， and the protein expression level of ME2 was determined by Western blotting. ResultsCompared to the control group， the model group showed decreased Hb levels on day 14， 21， and 28， and increased WBC levels on day 7， 14， 21， and 28 （P＜0.05）. On day 28， bone marrow CD8⁺ and CD8⁺/CD4⁺ levels decreased， while Treg cells， ATP， Gln， NADP⁺， NADPH， ME2 mRNA， and their corresponding protein levels increased （P＜0.05）. Compared to the model group， the chemotherapy group and the combination group both exhibited reduced Hb level on day 14， 21 and 28， as well as the increased WBC level； the combination group showed increased CD8⁺ level， decreased Treg， ATP， Gln， and NADPH content， as well as reduced ME2 mRNA expression and protein levels （P＜0.05）. Compared to the chemotherapy group， the combination group showed significantly increased Hb level on days 21 and 28， and increased WBC level on day 28 （P＜0.05）. Bone marrow smear pathology revealed that， in the model group， myeloid blast cells exhibited cytoplasmic vacuoles indicative of abnormal metabolic activity. In contrast， both the chemotherapy group and the combination group showed large numbers of metamyelocytes and band neutrophils， with only a few immature granulocytic blast cells observed. ConclusionWF may improve the prognosis of AML when used as an adjunct to chemotherapy by modulating ME2 expression， inhibiting metabolic energy competition within the bone marrow microenvironment， and reshaping the distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in the bone marrow.

Oxidative stress due to aberrant metabolism is considered as a crucial contributor to diabetes and its complications. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia boost excessive reactive oxygen species generation by elevated mitochondrial respiration, increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, and enhanced pro-oxidative processes, including protein kinase C pathways, hexosamine, polyol, and advanced glycation endproducts, which exacerbate oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the onset of diabetes and its associated complications by impairing insulin production, increasing insulin resistance, maintaining hyperglycemic memory, and inducing systemic inflammation. A more profound comprehension of the molecular processes that link oxidative stress to diabetes is crucial to new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanisms underlying how oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus and its complications. We also summarize the current approaches for prevention and treatment by targeting the oxidative stress pathways in diabetes.
Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology* ; Diabetes Complications/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism* ; Animals

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease and intermittent hypoxia is increasingly recognized as a factor that may impact disease progression. The present study investigated whether intermittent hypoxia (IH) could aggravate asthma by promoting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin (IL)-1β-dependent pyroptosis and the inflammatory response and further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS: A total of 49 patients diagnosed with severe bronchial asthma and diagnosed by polysomnography were enrolled at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, between January 2022 and December 2022, and their general data and induced sputum were collected. BEAS-2B cells were treated with IL-13 and subjected to IH. An ovalbumin (OVA)-treated mouse model was also used to assess the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on asthma. Pyroptosis, the inflammatory response, and related signalling pathways were assessed in vivo and in vitro . RESULTS: In this study, as the apnoea and hypopnea index (AHI) increased, the proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma increased. The proportions of neutrophils and the levels of IL-6, IL-8, HIF-1α and NLRP3 in induced sputum were related to the AHI. NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, which could be mediated by the HIF-1α signalling pathway, was activated in IL-13 plus IH-treated BEAS-2B cells and in the lungs of OVA/CIH mice. HIF-1α downregulation significantly reduced lung pyroptosis and ameliorated neutrophil inflammation by modulating the NLRP3/IL-1β pathway both in vitro and in vivo . Similarly, pretreatment with LW6, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, effectively blocked the generation of inflammatory cytokines in neutrophils. In addition, administration of the NLRP3 activator nigericin obviously increased lung neutrophil inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a risk factor for asthma exacerbation. IH aggravates neutrophil inflammation in asthma via NLRP3/IL-1β-dependent pyroptosis mediated by the HIF-1α signalling pathway, which should be considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma with OSAHS.
NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Humans ; Asthma/metabolism* ; Animals ; Pyroptosis/physiology* ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism* ; Mice ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; Male ; Hypoxia/metabolism* ; Female ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism* ; Adult ; Inflammation/metabolism* ; Middle Aged ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective To establish a quantifiable quality control index system for infection management in neonatal specialty hospitals for the comprehensive evaluation of neonatal healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management quality,and to promote the continuous enhancement and improvement of neonatal HAI management quality.Methods The framework of the index system was preliminarily established through literature research and focus group discussion,the indexes were repeatedly screened using Delphi expert consultation approach,and the weights of each index were determined using the analytic hierarchy process.The empirical study of the established index sys-tem was conducted using TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio method.Results Three rounds of expert consultation were conducted,and the effective response rate of the questionnaire was 100％.The authoritative coefficient of the third round of expert consultation was 0.89,and the Kendall's coefficient of concordance for expert opinion was 0.322.The established index system included 3 first-level indexes,6 second-level indexes,and 16 third-level inde-xes.Thirteen of third-level indexes could be directly obtained from the hospital information system.Conclusion The quality control index system for neonatal HAI management established in this study is relatively scientific,with rational weights and all quantifiable indexes.It can be used for vertical and horizontal evaluations of neonatal HAI management quality,providing a reference for the continuous improvement of neonatal HAI management work.

With the progress of medical insurance reform,the refinement of medical insurance management in pub-lic hospitals still fails to meet the actual demands for medical insurance work.Based on the existing problems of medical insurance management,it emphasizes the necessity of the refined management of medical insurance.By integrating be-havioral economics theory,it divides the refined management of medical insurance into five distinct stages:develop-ment planning,process-oriented platform,organizational framework,staff training programs and regulatory supervi-sion.The behavioral logic of the refined management of medical insurance in public hospitals is analyzed.Building on this analysis,the relevant key insights are summarized to provide a reference for promoting the public welfare-oriented reform of public hospitals and realizing the high-quality development of public hospitals.

To analyze the relationship between serum non-HDL-C levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in community populations. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Yuecheng District Health Information Platform in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. The study cohort included individuals aged 40 years or older with no prior history of CVD who underwent physical examinations at Yuecheng District healthcare institutions between January and December 2019. A total of 39 038 participants were included, including 19 085 males (48.9%) and 19 953 females (51.1%), with a mean age of (73.64±9.10) years. The mean follow-up duration was 52.3 months. During follow-up, 1 227 CVD death events occurred. The results indicated a significant overall association between non-HDL-C levels and the risk of CVD mortality, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Cox models indicated that, using the ideal level of non-HDL-C as the reference, the hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of CVD death in the suitable level, borderline elevated level and elevated level groups were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.08-1.42), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.34-1.85) and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.87-2.86), respectively. The corresponding HRs for CHD death were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.10-1.76), 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28-2.12) and 2.53 (95% CI: 1.76-3.64), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed significant interaction effects between non-HDL-C and sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes (all P interaction<0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that results were consistent with the primary findings regarding the association between non-HDL-C and CVD mortality risk. In conclusion, increasing non-HDL-C levels are associated with higher risks of death from cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and CHD. The risk of CVD death associated with elevated non-HDL-C is greater among males, individuals with a history of diabetes, smokers or drinkers. In the future, attention should be paid to the monitoring of non-HDL-C in community health management, and the intensive and personalized management of blood lipids in high-risk population should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and intervention measures for surgical site infec-tion following posterolateral approach lumbar fusion surgery.Methods A total of 1 078 patients who under-went posterolateral approach lumbar fusion surgery in the department of spine surgery from January 1,2022 to December 31,2023 were included.Patient related information was collected through the real-time nosocomi-al infection monitoring system,while medical visit information was obtained via the outpatient electronic med-ical record system.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for surgical site infection.Results Among the 1 078 patients,34 cases(3.15%)developed surgical site infections,while 1 044 cases did not.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age,smoking,hypertension,diabetes,concurrent hospital stay,operative time,duration of postoperative antimicrobial use after initial surgery,and total antimicrobial use duration were significant risk factors for surgical site infection(P＜0.05).Among the 34 infected patients,the duration of antimicrobial use varied significantly across different infection sites(P＜0.05),with the longest duration observed in patients with deep space infections.Conclusion Targeted surveil-lance of surgical site infections should be reinforced based on these risk factors.Perioperative infection control measures must be strictly implemented to improve the scientific,precise,and standardized management of sur-gical-related nosocomial infections.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety and patient compliance of a quadruple therapy containing minocycline compared with the traditional quadruple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter(H.)pylori.Methods This study included 200 H.pylori positive patients,with 100 assigned to the minocycline-containing bismuth quadruple therapy group(LBMC group)and the other 100 to the amoxicillin-containing bismuth quadruple therapy group(LBAC group).After matching the two groups of patients using the propensity score matching(PSM)method,there were 86 cases in each group.Telephone follow-up was conducted on the 14th day after the start of treatment to record patient medication compliance and adverse drug reactions.A 13C urea breath test was performed for re-examination at least one month after completing the treatment plan and discontinuing medication.The intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses were used to compare the H.pylori eradication rates between the two groups,and Chi-square test and t-test were used for intergroup comparison.Results In the ITT analysis,the eradication rates of the LBMC group and the LBAC group were 89.5%(77/86,95%CI:82.9%～96.1%)and 82.6%(71/86,95%CI:74.4%～90.7%),respectively.In the PP analysis,the eradication rates were 92.6%(75/81,95%CI:86.8%～98.4%)and 88.8%(71/80,95%CI:81.7%～95.8%),respectively.The adverse reaction rate of the LBMC group was 27.9%(24/86),and that of the LBAC group 31.4%(27/86),showing no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).In terms of compliance,the LBMC group was 94.2%(81/86),and the LBAC group 93.0%(80/86),revealing no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion As a first-line treatment for eradicating H.pylori,regimens containing minocycline demonstrate equivalent eradication rates to those containing amoxicillin,with similar safety and compliance.They can be used as an alternative treatment for patients allergic to penicillin.

To analyze the relationship between serum non-HDL-C levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in community populations. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Yuecheng District Health Information Platform in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. The study cohort included individuals aged 40 years or older with no prior history of CVD who underwent physical examinations at Yuecheng District healthcare institutions between January and December 2019. A total of 39 038 participants were included, including 19 085 males (48.9%) and 19 953 females (51.1%), with a mean age of (73.64±9.10) years. The mean follow-up duration was 52.3 months. During follow-up, 1 227 CVD death events occurred. The results indicated a significant overall association between non-HDL-C levels and the risk of CVD mortality, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Cox models indicated that, using the ideal level of non-HDL-C as the reference, the hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of CVD death in the suitable level, borderline elevated level and elevated level groups were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.08-1.42), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.34-1.85) and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.87-2.86), respectively. The corresponding HRs for CHD death were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.10-1.76), 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28-2.12) and 2.53 (95% CI: 1.76-3.64), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed significant interaction effects between non-HDL-C and sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes (all P interaction<0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that results were consistent with the primary findings regarding the association between non-HDL-C and CVD mortality risk. In conclusion, increasing non-HDL-C levels are associated with higher risks of death from cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and CHD. The risk of CVD death associated with elevated non-HDL-C is greater among males, individuals with a history of diabetes, smokers or drinkers. In the future, attention should be paid to the monitoring of non-HDL-C in community health management, and the intensive and personalized management of blood lipids in high-risk population should be strengthened.

Objective To establish a quantifiable quality control index system for infection management in neonatal specialty hospitals for the comprehensive evaluation of neonatal healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management quality,and to promote the continuous enhancement and improvement of neonatal HAI management quality.Methods The framework of the index system was preliminarily established through literature research and focus group discussion,the indexes were repeatedly screened using Delphi expert consultation approach,and the weights of each index were determined using the analytic hierarchy process.The empirical study of the established index sys-tem was conducted using TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio method.Results Three rounds of expert consultation were conducted,and the effective response rate of the questionnaire was 100％.The authoritative coefficient of the third round of expert consultation was 0.89,and the Kendall's coefficient of concordance for expert opinion was 0.322.The established index system included 3 first-level indexes,6 second-level indexes,and 16 third-level inde-xes.Thirteen of third-level indexes could be directly obtained from the hospital information system.Conclusion The quality control index system for neonatal HAI management established in this study is relatively scientific,with rational weights and all quantifiable indexes.It can be used for vertical and horizontal evaluations of neonatal HAI management quality,providing a reference for the continuous improvement of neonatal HAI management work.