Objective To investigate the expression,synergistic relationship and clinical significance of alcohol de-hydrogenase(ADH1A)and vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGFA)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The expression and correlation of ADH1A and VEGFA in HCC and adjacent normal tissues were ana-lyzed by GEPIA.TCGA and GSEA were used to analyze the pathway of ADH1A in HCC.The clinical and patho-logical data of 84 patients with HCC were collected,and 54 patients with paracancer normal tissue samples were se-lected as controls to analyze the correlation between ADH1A and VEGFA and clinicopathological parameters of HCC.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of ADH1A and VEGFA in cases and con-trols,and the correlation between the expression of ADH1A and VEGFA and the clinical progression and prognosis of patients with HCC was analyzed based on clinical pathological parameters and Kaplan-Meier.Results Bioinfor-matics analysis found that ADH1A was low-expressed in HCC and VEGFA was highly expressed in HCC,and there was a negative correlation between the two(P<0.001);immunohistochemical detection results showed that the expression of ADH1A in HCC tissue was lower than that in normal tissue adjacent to cancer(P<0.01)while the expression rate of VEGFA in HCC tissue was significantly higher than that of normal tissue adjacent to cancer(P<0.01);The recurrence rate of vascular thrombus and HCC patients in HCC group with high expression of ADH1A was lower(P<0.05).The proportion of tumor diameter>5 cm,high TNM stage,microsatellite and G2-G3 dif-ferentiation in HCC tissues in VEGFA high expression group was higher(P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analy-sis showed that patients with high ADH1A expression and low VEGFA expression had a higher five-year survival rate.Conclusion Low expression of ADH1A and high expression of VEGFA in tumor tissues of patients with HCC indicate tumor progression and can be used as one of the prognostic evaluation indicators for patients with HCC.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have become one of the cutting-edge technologies in the world, and have been mainly applicated in medicine. In this article, we sorted out the development history and important scenarios of BCIs in medical application, analyzed the research progress, technology development, clinical transformation and product market through qualitative and quantitative analysis, and looked forward to the future trends. The results showed that the research hotspots included the processing and interpretation of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, the development and application of machine learning algorithms, and the detection and treatment of neurological diseases. The technological key points included hardware development such as new electrodes, software development such as algorithms for EEG signal processing, and various medical applications such as rehabilitation and training in stroke patients. Currently, several invasive and non-invasive BCIs are in research. The R&D level of BCIs in China and the United State is leading the world, and have approved a number of non-invasive BCIs. In the future, BCIs will be applied to a wider range of medical fields. Related products will develop shift from a single mode to a combined mode. EEG signal acquisition devices will be miniaturized and wireless. The information flow and interaction between brain and machine will give birth to brain-machine fusion intelligence. Last but not least, the safety and ethical issues of BCIs will be taken seriously, and the relevant regulations and standards will be further improved.
Humans ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Medicine ; Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Brain

As a model organism, zebrafish have many advantages over other animal models and is suitable for studies on establishment of human disease model and mechanism.In zebrafish, there are two phases of endocrine formation during early development, which are directed by concomitant activity of many signaling pathways.Zebrafish pancreas possess similar cell structure with that of other animals, which can express various endocrine hormones including insulin.The main organs required for metabolic control, such as the pancreas, islet, and insulin sensitive tissue (muscle, liver) are conserved in zebrafish, and the mechanisms of glucose regulation in zebrafish is similar to that seen in mammalian models.These render it an excellent model to study glucose metabolism.Hyperglycemia in zebrafish model can be induced by administration of the diabetogenic drug, streptozotocin (STZ), alternatively immersion of the fish in glucose solution and water, or disturbing of signaling pathways associated with glucose metabolism.Glucose levels in adult zebrafish blood or embryo tissue and phenotype of retinal cell layers or retinal vasculature are the commonly used measurement organs in zebrafish diabetic models.

Objective To observe the change of immunologic function in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MMP).Methods Totally 114 children diagnosed with MPP were selected as experimental group,and MPIgM were positively detected in the course of 7 to 10 days,and the blood samples were collected.At the same time,50 healthy children in health clinic were selected as control group,and peripheral blood samples were collected.The levels of T cell subsets (CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4/CD8,NK) and humoral immunity (IgG,IgA,IgM,C3,C4) in peripheral blood samples were detected respectively.Results The serum CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 ratio and NK value in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and IgA,C3 and C4 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in IgG and IgM values (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Mycoplasma pneu moniae (MP) infection can cause immune dysfunction,inhibit cellular immunity and humoral immunity.

Objective To observe the change of immunologic function in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MMP).Methods Totally 114 children diagnosed with MPP were selected as experimental group,and MPIgM were positively detected in the course of 7 to 10 days,and the blood samples were collected.At the same time,50 healthy children in health clinic were selected as control group,and peripheral blood samples were collected.The levels of T cell subsets (CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4/CD8,NK) and humoral immunity (IgG,IgA,IgM,C3,C4) in peripheral blood samples were detected respectively.Results The serum CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 ratio and NK value in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and IgA,C3 and C4 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in IgG and IgM values (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Mycoplasma pneu moniae (MP) infection can cause immune dysfunction,inhibit cellular immunity and humoral immunity.

Aim To study the effect of rhein on renal damage induced by aristolochic acid. Methods Ze-brafish model of aristolochic acid nephropathy, genera-ted by treating zebrafish larvae with aristolochic acid for 24 h, was treated with rhein simultaneously . Mor-pholigical changes were observed and the creatinine level in larvae tissue was measured. And mRNA ex-pression levels of inflammatory factor cox2 a and fibrosis factor TGF-β1 in larvae tissue were detected using qPCR. Results Some larvae show periocular edema and circulation system defection e. g. weak heart beat, narrow cardiac vesicle, decreased blood flow and even blockage , with a dose-response relationship after expo-sure to aristolochic acid for 24 h. The creatinine level in larvae tissue of the treated group was significantly higher than that of the control larvae. And the expres-sion levels of cox2 a and TGF-β1 in larvae tissue of the treated group were also significantly increased. Per-centage of abnormal larvae and creatinine level in lar-vae tissue were decreased when treated with rhein sim-ultaneously. And the expression levels of cox2a was down-regulated by rhein compared with the aristolochic acid treated group. But rhein had no effect on TGF-β1 expression. Conclusion To some extent rhein can protect renal from damage induced by aristolochic acid.

Objective To observe the effects of live trigeminal bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus powder on the recurrence of wheezing, and the levels of peripheral blood eosinophil ( EOS) and serum transforming growth factor-beta 1( TGF-β1) in atopic children with bronchiolitis.Methods Sixty atopic children with bronchiolitis were randomly divided into the therapy group (30 cases) and the conventional treatment group (30 cases) and another 25 healthy children were recruited as the healthy control group. The conventional treatment group was given routine therapy, and the therapy group received live trigeminal bifidobacterium, lactobacil-lus and enterococcus, in addition to routine therapy for 2 months.The levels of EOS and TGF-β1 were detected at the acute stage and 2 months after receiving trigeminal bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus.Results (1) The recurrent rate of wheezing after medication for the therapy group (0.67 ±0.13) was significantly lower than that for the conventional treatment group (1.27 ±0.17), with statistical significance (P<0.05).(2)The levels of EOS of the therapy group [(0.72 ±0.13) ×109/L] and the conventional treatment group [(0.70 ±0.13) ×109/L] at the acute stage were markedly higher than those of the healthy control group [(0.16 ± 0.09) ×109/L], also with statistical significance (P<0.05).The levels of TGF-β1 of the therapy group [(1.20 ±0.13) ng/L] and the conventional treatment group(1.22 ±0.11) at acute stage were all considerably lower than those of the control group [(1.45 ± 0.13) ng/L], with statistical significance (P<0.05).The level of EOS in the therapy group [(0.27 ±0.12) ×109/L] 2 months af-ter medication of oral live trigeminal bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus powder was lower than that in the conventional treatment group [(0.36 ±0.14) ×109/L], also with statistical significance (P<0.05).The level of TGF-β1 of the therapy group [(1.41 ±0.09) ng/L] 2 months after medication was markedly higher than that of the conventional treatment group [(1.34 ±0.10) ng/L], also with statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Oral medication of live trigeminal bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus powder for 2 months could obviously reduce the recurrent rate of wheezing within 6 months after the onset of bronchiolitis and could also up-regulate the levels of EOS and TGF-β1 in atopic children with bronchiolitis.

Objective To study negative450(N450),positive slow wave (PSW) during a specific cognitive task with conflict and visual P3 in patients with schizoprenia.Methods The electrophysiological correlations between Stroop color-word paradigm and oddball paradigm in 18 patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls were compared with the reaction time(RT),accuracy rate and event related potentials (ERP) extracted from EEG data.Results Behavioral results showed in Stroop paradiam (consistent stimulus vs.inconsistent stimulus) that patients' RTs ((643 ± 129) ms vs.(733 ± 123) ms) were significantly prolonged (F=12.689,P=0.001) than controls ((525 ± 42) ms vs.(592 ± 61) ms)and accuracy rates in patients (93％ ± 11％ vs.90％ ± 12％)were significantly lower (F=4.353,P=0.049) than that in controls (99％ ± 1％ vs.97％ ± 2％).In oddball paradiam(non-taget stimulus vs.taget stimulus) only the patients' RTs ((419 ± 75) ms vs.(512 ± 111) ms)were significantly prolonged (F=8.174,P=0.008) than that in controls((361 ± 45) ms vs.(425 ± 49) ms).ERPs showed in Stroop tasks N450 amplitude inpatients was sign ificantly larger than that incontrols ((6.4 ±0.6) μV vs.(6.1 ±0.8) μV,F=3.081,P=0.047),and the PSW in the patients was much unsteady.In visual oddball task,the P3 amplitude in patients was significantly reduced (F=4.657,P=0.042),but no difference in RTs.Conclusions At least in simple tasks,executive function deficit of patients with schizophrenia may not caused by slowly perceiving and categorizing but by slowly selecting,preparing,or executing the appropriate response.In complicate task,the patients' reaction may be slow from preceiving stage till the end of executive process.

Objective To study negative450(N450),positive slow wave (PSW) during a specific cognitive task with conflict and visual P3 in patients with schizoprenia.Methods The electrophysiological correlations between Stroop color-word paradigm and oddball paradigm in 18 patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls were compared with the reaction time(RT),accuracy rate and event related potentials (ERP) extracted from EEG data.Results Behavioral results showed in Stroop paradiam (consistent stimulus vs.inconsistent stimulus) that patients' RTs ((643 ± 129) ms vs.(733 ± 123) ms) were significantly prolonged (F=12.689,P=0.001) than controls ((525 ± 42) ms vs.(592 ± 61) ms)and accuracy rates in patients (93％ ± 11％ vs.90％ ± 12％)were significantly lower (F=4.353,P=0.049) than that in controls (99％ ± 1％ vs.97％ ± 2％).In oddball paradiam(non-taget stimulus vs.taget stimulus) only the patients' RTs ((419 ± 75) ms vs.(512 ± 111) ms)were significantly prolonged (F=8.174,P=0.008) than that in controls((361 ± 45) ms vs.(425 ± 49) ms).ERPs showed in Stroop tasks N450 amplitude inpatients was sign ificantly larger than that incontrols ((6.4 ±0.6) μV vs.(6.1 ±0.8) μV,F=3.081,P=0.047),and the PSW in the patients was much unsteady.In visual oddball task,the P3 amplitude in patients was significantly reduced (F=4.657,P=0.042),but no difference in RTs.Conclusions At least in simple tasks,executive function deficit of patients with schizophrenia may not caused by slowly perceiving and categorizing but by slowly selecting,preparing,or executing the appropriate response.In complicate task,the patients' reaction may be slow from preceiving stage till the end of executive process.

Objective To investigate the inhibiting effects of alcohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera on proliferation, colony formation and migration of cancer cell lines. Methods Alcohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera was prepared using Soxhlet extraction. Human gastric cancer cell line MGC803 was treated with different concentrations(0, 60, 120 mg/L)of al?cohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera. In vitro, proliferation, colony formation and migration of gastric cancer cells were detect?ed by MTT, colony formation experiments and Transwell assay respectively. Results The proliferation(day2-day 6, F=29.130, 21.864, 67.826, 36.015, 43.656, P<0.01)and colony formation(F=11.918,P<0.01)of gastric cancer cells were significantly inhibited by administration of alcohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera at both 60 mg/L and 120 mg/L . The migra?tion(F=4.258,P<0.05)of gastric cancer cells were significantly suppressed after cells were treated with120 mg/L alcohol ex?tract from Dioscore bulbifera. Conclusion Alcohol extract from Dioscore bulbifera significantly inhibit proliferation, colony formation and migration of gastric cancer cells.