Objective To explore the related risk factors of osteosarcopenia (OS) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate their predictive value. Methods We selected 409 elderly patients with T2DM from our hospital between June 2021 and December 2024 as the study subjects, and divided them into an OS occurrence group and a non-occurrence group based on whether they were diagnosed with OS. Results Among the 409 elderly patients with T2DM included, 93 were diagnosed with OS, yielding a prevalence rate of 22.73%. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant association between lumbar spine BMD and T-scores with age, history of previous fractures, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), osteocalcin (OC), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Gender (OR=0.193), Body Mass Index (BMI) (OR=0.254), history of previous fractures (OR=8.883), FPG (OR=0.543), Total Cholesterol (TC) (OR=3.684), High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR=86.024), PINP (OR=0.818), and OC (OR=0.526) are identified as influential factors for the occurrence of OS in elderly patients with T2DM. The combined prediction of these variables yields a sensitivity of 96.5%, a specificity of 97.8%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.992 for the occurrence of OS in elderly patients with T2DM, indicating an excellent predictive performance. Conclusion The following factors—gender, BMI, history of previous fractures, FPG, TC, HDL-C, PINP, and OC—are influential in the occurrence of OS among elderly patients with T2DM. Formulating intervention measures based on these influencing factors can provide assistance in preventing and treating the occurrence of OS.

Background and Aims:Adhesive intestinal obstruction(AIO)is a type of mechanical bowel obstruction caused by abdominal or intestinal adhesions,and its onset and progression are closely associated with impaired intestinal mucosal barrier function.Danshen injection,a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine preparation with properties of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,has shown therapeutic potential in various gastrointestinal diseases by improving microcirculation and promoting vasodilation.However,its specific mechanism of action in AIO remains unclear.This study was conducted to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of Danshen injection on intestinal mucosal barrier function in a rat model of AIO.Methods:Forty rats with experimentally induced AIO were equally randomized into four groups:the model group(receiving intraperitoneal saline)and three Danshen-treated groups administered low,medium,and high doses of Danshen injection(1,2,and 4 mL/kg,respectively),once daily for 7 consecutive d.An additional 10 healthy rats received saline injections in the same manner and served as the normal control group.After the final intervention,all rats were euthanized under anesthesia.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was performed to evaluate the histopathological morphology of small intestinal tissues.Levels of D-lactic acid and endotoxin in peripheral blood were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression levels of mucin 2(MUC2),mucin 3(MUC3),and human defensin 5(HD5)—key components of the intestinal mucus layer and innate immune response—were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).Colorimetric assays were conducted to assess oxidative stress markers in intestinal tissue,including nitric oxide synthase(NOS),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px).Western blot was used to determine the protein expression levels of endogenous antioxidant pathway components:nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1).Results:HE staining showed no significant histological changes in the intestinal tissues of the normal control group,with a mucosal injury score of 0.The model and treatment groups exhibited varying degrees of villous disorganization and tissue edema,with injury scores of 4.69±0.62,3.36±0.41,2.29±0.22,and 1.53±0.14 in the model,low-,medium-,and high-dose groups,respectively(all P＜0.05 vs.model group).Compared with the normal control group,the other groups showed significantly increased levels of D-lactic acid and endotoxin in the blood(all P＜0.05);elevated expression of MUC2 and MUC3,reduced HD5 expression(all P＜0.05);increased NOS and MDA levels,decreased SOD and GSH-Px levels(all P＜0.05);downregulated expression of Nrf2,HO-1,and NQO1 proteins in intestinal tissues(all P＜0.05).These changes were significantly attenuated in the Danshen-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner(all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Danshen injection can alleviate intestinal mucosal injury in AIO rats,possibly by activating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway and reducing oxidative stress,thereby enhancing the intestinal mucosal barrier function.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in a boarding middle school in Guangdong Province, in order to provide a scientific evidence for effective prevention and control of campus AHC outbreaks. Methods: From September 1st to 28th 2023, case identification was conducted among 559 students and 60 faculty members using standardized definition. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the three distrubution patterns of the outbreak. Questionnaires were designed, and a case-control study was adopted to analyze the possible risk factors of the disease transmission. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to control the difference of baseline data. Results: A total of 269 cases of AHC were identified, with an attack rate of 43.46%. The pathogen was confirmed as Coxsackie virus A24 variant (CA24v). Among these, 264 cases were students (attack rate of 47.23%) and 5 were staff (attack rate of 8.33%). A total of 153 pairs of PSM were successfully matched. After PSM matching, there were no statistically significant differences in gender, grade and class between the case group and the control group ( χ 2=0.12, 5.41, 11.24, P >0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that middle school students whose towels contacted with others ( OR =1.81), and direct contact with other AHC cases recently ( OR =4.89) were more likely to have AHC; while wearing glasses ( OR =0.43) and frequent use of hand sanitizer ( OR = 0.37 ) were less likely to have AHC ( P <0.05). Conclusion The outbreak of AHC is caused by CA24v, demonstrating rapid spread and extensive impact within the school setting.

Objective:To develop a simple and effective subretinal injection pipeline system to enhance the accuracy and precision of subretinal injection volume control.Methods:A retrospective case series study. From May to October 2023, 18 patients (18 eyes) with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) who continuously received modified subretinal injection treatment in Department of Ophthalmology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included in the study. Among them, there were 10 males and 8 females. The mean age was (60.00±7.41) years. The primary causes included polypoid choroidal vasculopathy (14 cases), retinal macroaneurysm (2 cases), traumatic retinopathy (1 case), and Valsalva retinopathy (1 case). Hemorrhage affected 14 eyes of the fovea centralis. All affected eyes underwent standard three-channel 25G vitrectomy via the flat part of the ciliary body combined with modified subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. The improved injection system consisted of a 1 ml syringe, a Q-Syte TM connector, a 41G subretinal microinjection needle, a converter and a viscoelastic substance control pipeline. The drug preparation time for subretinal injection (i.e., the time consumed by the system connection step), the injection time, whether bubbles occur during the injection process, and the perioperative complications were recorded and analyzed. Results:The preparation time prior to drug injection ranged from 230 to 335 seconds, while the injection completion time varied between 43 and 75 seconds. Both times decreased progressively as operator proficiency improved. Among the treated eyes, five received a target injection dose of 0.05 ml and thirteen received 0.10 ml, with all eyes achieving the preset dose accurately. No subretinal bubbles were observed during the injection procedure. Additionally, no intraoperative complications such as retinal hemorrhage or tear secondary to mechanical trauma at the injection site were recorded. Postoperatively, one eye developed anterior chamber hemorrhage, which resolved following intraocular pressure-lowering treatment. No other postoperative complications, including hemorrhage, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, or infection, were observed in the remaining eyes.Conclusion:The retinal drug injection system developed in this study has a simple structure, safe and stable operation, can achieve precise drug injection, and effectively avoid the formation of bubbles.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors of patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)related to septic shock admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods This retrospective cohort study included 152 patients with septic shock who were admitted to the ICU between January 2020 and December 2023.Patients were categorized into AF(n=48)and non-AF(n=104)groups based on the occurrence of AF.Clinical parameters were compared between the two groups,and variables with statistically significant differences(P<0.05)were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify clinical features associated with AF.Patients were also stratified into survival(n=103)and death(n=49)groups based on 28-day outcomes.Variables showing signifi-cant intergroup differences(P<0.05)were further included in a multivariate model to identify independent risk factors for mortality.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed using AF as a binary variable,and log-rank tests were applied to compare survival curves.Results The incidence of AF was 31.58%among patients with septic shock.Compared with the non-AF group,the AF group was older,received higher cumulative doses of vasoactive agents,and had elevated levels of lactate(Lac),N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor(NT-proBNP),troponin I(cTnI),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),and C-reactive protein(CRP).The AF group also had higher E/e'ratios,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)scores,Sequen-tial Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)scores,and 28-day mortality rates(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression identified age(odds ratio[OR]=1.060,P=0.015),SOFA score(OR=1.525,P=0.001),TNF-α(OR=1.009,P=0.026),CRP(OR=1.008,P=0.002),and E/e'(OR=1.363,P=0.023)as independent risk factors for AF.The 28-day mortality rate was 32.24%.Compared with survivors,non-survivors had significantly higher Lac,cTnI,E/e',LVEF,and TNF-α levels,higher APACHEⅡand SOFA scores,longer ICU stays,and a higher incidence of AF(all P<0.05).Multivariate analysis identified SOFA score,cTnI,E/e',and AF as independent predictors of 28-day mortality.Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly poorer survival in patients with AF(χ2=6.747,P=0.009).Conclusion AF is common in ICU patients with septic shock.Advanced age,greater organ dysfunction,elevated inflammatory markers,and diastolic dysfunction are associated with AF occurrence.Organ dysfunction,myocardial injury,diastolic dysfunction,and AF are inde-pendent predictors of mortality in this population.Greater clinical attention is warranted in patients with AF and septic shock due to their elevated risk of poor outcomes.

Microplastics are emerging pollutants of increasing concern, which can enter the human body through pathways such as diet, respiration and skin contact, inducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and posing a potential risk on the formation and development of mineralized tissues in the body. Early life is a critical period for the formation and development of mineralized tissues. Microplastics can pass though the placental barrier during early life to affect the fetus directly by accumulating in the bone marrow and interfering with the development of the growth plate, leading to abnormal bone growth. Additionally, microplastics can act as carriers to release bisphenol A (BPA), synergistically enhancing the toxicity of pollutants such as lead and zinc oxide, thereby affecting the development of mineralized tissues. Therefore, exposure to microplastics during early life may be a significant environmental factor contributing to the abnormal development of mineralized tissues. Future researches are needed to explore the specific impacts and mechanisms of microplastics on maxillofacial and tooth development, to provide insights and theoretical foundations for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to the development of mineralized tissues.

Objective:To evaluate the prognosis of Hall technique and traditional performed metal crown (PMC) restoration technique, and to follow up the occlusal changes before and after treatment with Hall technique, providing references for the promotion of Hall technique.Methods:Children who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from May 2021 to December 2022 were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were followed up at three time points: 1, 2 and 3 months after operation. The observation results were divided into three outcomes: success (crown in place, no symptoms of pulpitis or periapical periodontitis, no obvious abnormality in occlusion, no need for further treatment), partial failure (crown falling off or crown broken, tooth defect can be repaired, reversible pulpitis) and complete failure (irreversible pulpitis or periapical periodontitis, crown falling off and tooth defect irreparable), and statistical analysis was made. At the same time, the Hall technique group was followed up at five time points as before operation, immediately after operation, 2 weeks after operation, 4 weeks after operation and 8 weeks after operation respectively, in which the occlusion was analyzed by Dental Prescale Ⅱ system. The vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO), overbite and coverage, and canine relationship were recorded and compared. Three-dimensional finite element method was used to model and analyze the stress of the teeth treated with traditional PMC treatment and Hall technique, and the differences between them were compared.Results:Finally, 21 children were included in the Hall technique group, including 12 boys and 9 girls, with age of (5.0±1.4) years. Meanwhile, 22 children including 15 boys and 7 girls were in the traditional PMC group, with age of (5.1±1.3) years. There were 0 cases of complete failure and 0 cases of partial failure both in the Hall technique group and in the traditional PMC group within 1 month. There were 0 cases of complete failure and 1 case of partial failure in the Hall technique group, while 0 cases of complete failure and 0 cases of partial failure in the traditional PMC group within 2 months after operation. Hall technique group failed completely in 1 case and partially in 1 case, while the traditional pre-crown group failed completely in 0 cases and partially in 0 cases 3 months after operation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of primary index/complete failure and secondary index/partial failure between Hall technique group and traditional PMC group (all P>0.05). The occlusal area and occlusal force of children treated with Hall technique decreased immediately after operation compared with those before operation, but gradually recovered to the preoperative level at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after operation. To elaborate, the occlusal area decreased significantly from (14.79±3.55) mm 2 before operation to (10.15±3.17) mm 2 immediately after operation ( P=0.001), and recovered to (15.58±3.39) mm 2 at 8 weeks after operation ( P>0.05 compared with pre-operation). The occlusal force decreased significantly from (436.94±109.59) N before operation to (292.70±96.05) N immediately after operation ( P=0.001), and recovered to (441.86±104.31) N at 8 weeks after operation ( P>0.05 compared with pre-operation). Overbite decreased significantly from (2.54±1.05) mm before operation to (1.80±0.94) mm immediately after operation ( P=0.044) and then recovered to (2.35±1.02) mm ( P>0.05 compared with pre-operation). The coverage changed from (2.41±0.66) mm before operation to (2.27±0.61) mm immediately after operation ( P>0.05) and then recovered to (2.48±0.62) mm ( P>0.05 compared with pre-operation). The canine relationship was (3.12±0.54) mm before operation, and decreased significantly immediately after operation (2.17±0.89) mm ( P=0.001), and recovered to (3.05±0.61) mm after 8 weeks ( P>0.05 compared with pre-operation). In the three-dimensional finite element analysis, the maximum stress of all parts of the affected tooth increased immediately after Hall technique treatment, but with occlusal adjustment, the maximum stress of all parts of the affected tooth decreased, which was similar to that of the traditional metal pre-crown group. The vertical load and oblique load of pre-crown decreased from 180.11 and 496.16 MPa to 108.05 and 297.69 MPa, respectively. The vertical load and oblique load of enamel decreased from 94.83 and 255.94 MPa to 57.21 and 156.44 MPa, respectively. The vertical load and oblique load of dentin decreased from 55.19 and 124.77 MPa to 33.19 and 74.59 MPa, respectively. Conclusions:During the experimental observation period, there is no obvious difference between Hall technique and traditional PMC treatment technology in terms of post-treatment occlusion and clinical prognosis, which supports clinical application.

Objective To analyze the predictive value of serum Ficolin-3 combined with National Early Warning Score(NEWS)score in the prognosis of sepsis patients.Methods A total of 120 sepsis patients ad-mitted in the hospital from February 2021 to February 2024 were selected.Serum Ficolin-3 level was detected with samples collected at the time of admission and NEWS score was counted.According to the short-term prognosis,the patients were included in the survival group(n=82)and the death group(n=38).Serum Fico-lin-3 level and NEWS score of all patients were compared.The factors affecting the prognosis of sepsis pa-tients were explored by Multivariate Logistic regression.Results The serum Ficolin-3 and NEWS score in death group were higher than those in survival group(P<0.05).The area under the curve of serum Ficolin-3,NEWS score,and their combined evaluation for predicting the prognosis of sepsis patients were 0.819(95%CI:0.774-0.864),0.764(95%CI:0.714-0.814)and 0.921(95%CI:0.876-0.971),respectively.Arterial oxygen partial pressure(PO2)in the death group was lower than that in the survival group(P<0.05),se-quential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score at admission,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHEⅡ)score at admission,the proportion of acute kidney injury after admission and diabetes were higher than those in the survival group(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that PO2<70.30 mmHg(OR=2.399,95%CI:1.182-4.867),SOFA score≥7 points at admission(OR=2.479,95%CI:1.306-4.706),APACHEⅡ score≥24 points(OR=2.557,95%CI:1.355-4.826),serum Ficolin-3≥4.16 mg/L(OR=3.421,95%CI:1.750-6.688),NEWS score≥7.15 points(OR=2.921,95%CI:1.661-5.137)were factors affecting the prognosis of sepsis patients(P<0.05).Conclusion High level of serum Ficolin-3 and high NEWS score are closely related to poor short-term prognosis of sepsis patients,and the combination of Ficolin-3 level and NEWS score could effectively improve the predictive value of short-term prognosis of sepsis patients.

Dental developmental abnormalities and dental development-related diagnosis and treatment represents a critical and challenging area of clinical practice. This process spans multiple stages, from diagnosis to the creation of treatment plans, requiring substantial theoretical knowledge and rich clinical experience. In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning technologies exemplified by convolutional neural networks, has been facilitated by the abundance of dental clinical image resources. Advancements in AI have provided substantial support for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, significantly enhancing clinical efficiency. Deep learning has numerous applications in developmental abnormalities and dental development-related diagnosis and treatment. First, deep learning can assist in the identification of developmental abnormalities in radiographs and intraoral images, helping dentists make accurate diagnoses. Second, this technology can be used to assess dental development and predict tooth eruption, providing valuable reference for the formulation of personalized treatment plans. Furthermore, deep learning can identify root and root canal morphology, as well as locate challenging root canals, thereby enhancing the dentists' understanding of root canal anatomy and improving the success rate of endodontic treatments. Despite its significant potential in these areas, research in this field remains in the early stage. There are several limitations in the literature, including the inability to implement systematic disease diagnosis and treatment and a lack of multi-center studies. Future research should aim to design multi-center studies and develop deep learning models that integrate disease diagnosis, developmental assessment, and other factors, conducting a comprehensive analysis of multiple variables to further enhance the practical value of these models.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major form of dementia in the elderly and is closely related to the toxic effects of microglia sustained activation. In AD, sustained microglial activation triggers impaired synaptic pruning, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, and cognitive deficits. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant expression of deubiquitinating enzymes is associated with regulating microglia function. Here, we use RNA sequencing to identify a deubiquitinase YOD1 as a regulator of microglial function and AD pathology. Further study showed that YOD1 knockout significantly improved the migration, phagocytosis, and inflammatory response of microglia, thereby improving the cognitive impairment of AD model mice. Through LC-MS/MS analysis combined with Co-IP, we found that Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), a key regulator maintaining microglia homeostasis, is an interacting protein of YOD1. Mechanistically, YOD1 binds to MYH9 and maintains its stability by removing the K48 ubiquitin chain from MYH9, thereby mediating the microglia polarization signaling pathway to mediate microglia homeostasis. Taken together, our study reveals a specific role of microglial YOD1 in mediating microglia homeostasis and AD pathology, which provides a potential strategy for targeting microglia to treat AD.