Objective: To determine the association between exposure to entertainment screen content on mobile phones and symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students,so as to provide evidence for mental health interventions. Methods: A baseline survey was conducted from April to May 2019. A total of 1 135 college students were selected from one university each in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province and Hefei City, Anhui Province using cluster random sampling method. A follow up study was conducted in November 2019, resulting in 1 110 matched valid responses. Self rating questionnaires were used to assess the exposure of entertainment screen content. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students. A multivariate binary Logistic regression model was constructed following initial intergroup comparisons with Chi-square test to determine the association between baseline exposure to mobile entertainment screen content and the risk of symptoms of anxiety depression co-morbidity at baseline and the 6 month follow up. Results: The prevalence rates of symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students were 25.4% and 20.6% at baseline and follow up, respectively.After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, self rated family economic status and self rated health status, the results of multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the appropriate exposure level group, the exposure of entertainment screen content on mobile phones at baseline, including frequent exposure to reading( OR =1.65,95% CI =1.14-2.39), occasional exposure to other entertainment screen content ( OR =1.46,95% CI =1.01-2.10)and frequent exposure to other entertainment screen content( OR =1.76,95% CI =1.20-2.60), increased the co-occurrence risk of symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students during the follow up period (all P <0.05). Conclusion Occasional or frequert exposure to mobile entertainment screen content can increase the risk of symptoms of anxiety depression co-morbidity among college students.

Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII), a common intestinal adverse reaction to radiotherapy in patients with abdominal and pelvic malignant tumors, affects the quality of life of patients and limits the clinical efficacy of radiotherapy. However, there is no breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of RIII in clinical practice. Natural plant products generally have the advantages of mild effects and few adverse reactions, providing abundant potential active ingredients for the prevention and treatment of RIII, including polyphenols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and saponins. The underlying mechanism includes inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting cell apoptosis, regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, protecting intestinal crypt stem cells, and regulating intestinal flora. The review summarized these natural plant products against RIII and explored its mechanisms of action, in order to provide a theoretical basis for future drug development based on natural plant products.

Objectives:To investigate the physical growth status of pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and analyze the effects of treatment-related and socioeconomic factors on physical growth.Methods:Based on the specialized thalassemia database from gene therapy clinical research at the Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, we collected data on height and weight development, family economic status, and medical records of 338 pediatric patients with TDT from October 2023 to May 2024. The length/height-for-age and body mass index (BMI) -for-age were classified based on the Growth Standard for Children under 7 Years of Age, Standard for Height Level Classification among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years, and Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the effects of family economic status and disease-related treatment on length/height-for-age and BMI-for-age.Results:Among the 338 patients, 118 were children and 220 were adolescents (192 males and 146 females), with a median age of 12 years (range: 0.8-18) and a median diagnosis duration of 10.3 years (range: 0.5-17.9). Subtypes included α-thalassemia [21 cases (6.2%) ], β-thalassemia [288 cases (85.2%) ], and combined αβ-thalassemia[29 cases (8.6%) ]. The monthly household income of patients was concentrated in 3 000-5 000 yuan (39.9%) and 5 001-10 000 yuan (34.9%), whereas 67.2% of the families had monthly medical expenses of <3 000 yuan. Of the patients, 75.5% received their first transfusion before 1 year of age. The proportions of children and adolescents with pretransfusion hemoglobin (HGB) of ≤70 g/L were 4.2% and 6.4%, respectively. Adolescents demonstrated significantly higher rates of transfusion frequency of <4 weeks/session, monthly red blood cell infusion of >2 U, serum ferritin (SF) of ≥5 000 μg/L, iron chelation therapy, and splenectomy compared with children (all P<0.05). Of the 338 patients, 26.0%, 22.8%, and 8.9% demonstrated stunted growth, underweight, and concurrent stunted growth with underweight, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the stunted growth rates between children (22.9%) and adolescents (27.7%) ( P=0.402). However, the underweight rate in adolescents (26.8%) was significantly higher than that in children (15.3%) ( P=0.023). The multivariate analysis determined the following risk factors for stunted growth: monthly household income of <10 000 yuan (5 001-10 000 yuan: OR=5.49, 95% CI: 1.48-35.76; 3 000-5 000 yuan: OR=6.87, 95% CI: 1.88-44.60; <3 000 yuan: OR=9.29, 95% CI: 2.20-64.77), pretransfusion HGB of ≤70 g/L ( OR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.07-10.18), and SF of ≥5 000 μg/L ( OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.20-7.70). Longer diagnostic duration was associated with underweight ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) . Conclusions:Children and adolescents with TDT with pretransfusion SF of ≥5 000 μg/L, HGB of ≤70 g/L, low monthly household income, or longer diagnosis duration were significantly more likely to experience delayed physical growth.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-126 on myocardial remodeling and macrophage polarization after acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods(1)Twenty-one rats were divided into a sham operation group and an AMI group.The AMI group was further divided into postoperative days 1,3,5,7,9,and 11 days(AMI-1,AMI-3,AMI-5,AMI-7,AMI-9,AMI-11),with 3 rats in each group,and postoperative day 3 was selected for subsequent study.(2)Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group,AMI group and miR-126 overexpression group,with 10 rats in each group.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-126 mRNA.2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazole chloride(TTC)staining was used to detect the infarct size.Myocardial fibrosis was detected by Masson staining.The cross-sectional area of the myocardium was determined by H&E staining.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the protein levels of CD86 and CD206 in myocardial tissue.Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of CD86 and CD206 in myocardial tissue.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-6 in serum were detected by ELISA kit.Results Compared with the sham operation group,the expression level of miR-126 mRNA in myocardial tissue of rats in the AMI group was significantly decreased on postoperative day 1(P<0.05),reached the lowest level on postoperative day 3.And then although it rose to a certain extent,it remained lower than that of the sham operation group on postoperative day 11(P<0.05),and postoperative day 3 was selected for further study.Compared with the sham operation group,the expression of miR-126 mRNA in myocardial tissue of the AMI group was decreased(P<0.05),and the myocardial fibrosis,infarct size and myocardial cross-sectional area were increased(P<0.05).The expression of CD86 protein in myocardial tissue was increased and the expression of CD206 protein was decreased(P<0.05).The serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β were increased(P<0.05).Compared with the AMI group,the rats in the miR-126 overexpression group had a significant increase in the mRNA expression of miR-126 in myocardial tissue(P<0.05),a significant reduction in myocardial fibrosis,infarct size,and myocardial cross-sectional area(P<0.05),a significant reduction in the expression of CD86 protein in myocardial tissue,and a significant increase in the expression of CD206 protein(P<0.05).The serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Over-expression of miR-126 can improve myocardial remodeling and promote M2 macrophage polarization in AMI rats.

Objective To explore the role of cysteine aspartic protease-8(Caspase-8)/gasdermin E(GSDME)pathway in the regulation of macrophage pyroptosis in myocardial infarction(MI)rat model and its possible mechanism.Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,MI group and Caspase-8 inhibition(Z-IETD-FMK)group,with 10 rats in each group.The cultured rat macrophages RMa-bm were divided into control group,hypoxia group and Z-IETD-FMK group.The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were detected by H&E staining.Masson staining was used to detect myocardial fibrosis.The protein and mRNA levels of Caspase-8 and GSDME in myocardial tissue and Caspase-8,GSDME,NLR family Pyrin domain protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-related speck-like protein(ASC)and Caspase-1 in macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages were detected by ELISA.TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and macrophages.Results Compared with the sham operation group,myocardial tissue of rats in MI group was broken and disturbed,inflammatory cell infiltration,a large amount of collagen fiber deposition in the gap,cell apoptosis increased and the expression of Caspase-8,GSDME protein and mRNA in myocardial tissue increased,the differences were statistically significant(t=16.19,27.60;21.18,23.73,all P<0.05).Compared with MI group,Z-IETD-FMK group improved myocardial structural damage,reduced inflammatory cells and collagen deposition,cell apoptosis decreased and decreased Caspase-8,GSDME protein and mRNA expressions in myocardial tissue,with statistical significance(t=20.34,14.56;11.97,24.46,all P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the apoptosis of macrophages in hypoxia group was increased,and the protein and mRNA expressions of Caspase-8,GSDME,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1 in macrophages were increased(tprotein=17.53～120.90,tmRNA=18.42～60.30),the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages were increased(t=25.88,45.74),and the differences were staistically significant(all P<0.05).Compared with the hypoxia group,the apoptosis of macrophages in Z-IETD-FMK group was decreased,and the protein and mRNA expressions of Caspase-8,GSDME,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1 in macrophages were decreased(tprotein=17.08～35.08,tmRNA=11.21～47.96),IL-1β and IL-18 content decreased(t=27.38,25.82),and the differences were staistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion Down-regulating Caspase-8/GSDME pathway can improve myocardial injury and hypoxic macrophage scorch death in MI rats.

Objective To explore the role of cysteine aspartic protease-8(Caspase-8)/gasdermin E(GSDME)pathway in the regulation of macrophage pyroptosis in myocardial infarction(MI)rat model and its possible mechanism.Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,MI group and Caspase-8 inhibition(Z-IETD-FMK)group,with 10 rats in each group.The cultured rat macrophages RMa-bm were divided into control group,hypoxia group and Z-IETD-FMK group.The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were detected by H&E staining.Masson staining was used to detect myocardial fibrosis.The protein and mRNA levels of Caspase-8 and GSDME in myocardial tissue and Caspase-8,GSDME,NLR family Pyrin domain protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-related speck-like protein(ASC)and Caspase-1 in macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages were detected by ELISA.TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and macrophages.Results Compared with the sham operation group,myocardial tissue of rats in MI group was broken and disturbed,inflammatory cell infiltration,a large amount of collagen fiber deposition in the gap,cell apoptosis increased and the expression of Caspase-8,GSDME protein and mRNA in myocardial tissue increased,the differences were statistically significant(t=16.19,27.60;21.18,23.73,all P<0.05).Compared with MI group,Z-IETD-FMK group improved myocardial structural damage,reduced inflammatory cells and collagen deposition,cell apoptosis decreased and decreased Caspase-8,GSDME protein and mRNA expressions in myocardial tissue,with statistical significance(t=20.34,14.56;11.97,24.46,all P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the apoptosis of macrophages in hypoxia group was increased,and the protein and mRNA expressions of Caspase-8,GSDME,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1 in macrophages were increased(tprotein=17.53～120.90,tmRNA=18.42～60.30),the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages were increased(t=25.88,45.74),and the differences were staistically significant(all P<0.05).Compared with the hypoxia group,the apoptosis of macrophages in Z-IETD-FMK group was decreased,and the protein and mRNA expressions of Caspase-8,GSDME,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1 in macrophages were decreased(tprotein=17.08～35.08,tmRNA=11.21～47.96),IL-1β and IL-18 content decreased(t=27.38,25.82),and the differences were staistically significant(all P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion Down-regulating Caspase-8/GSDME pathway can improve myocardial injury and hypoxic macrophage scorch death in MI rats.

Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII), a common intestinal adverse reaction to radiotherapy in patients with abdominal and pelvic malignant tumors, affects the quality of life of patients and limits the clinical efficacy of radiotherapy. However, there is no breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of RIII in clinical practice. Natural plant products generally have the advantages of mild effects and few adverse reactions, providing abundant potential active ingredients for the prevention and treatment of RIII, including polyphenols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and saponins. The underlying mechanism includes inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting cell apoptosis, regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, protecting intestinal crypt stem cells, and regulating intestinal flora. The review summarized these natural plant products against RIII and explored its mechanisms of action, in order to provide a theoretical basis for future drug development based on natural plant products.

Objectives:To investigate the physical growth status of pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and analyze the effects of treatment-related and socioeconomic factors on physical growth.Methods:Based on the specialized thalassemia database from gene therapy clinical research at the Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, we collected data on height and weight development, family economic status, and medical records of 338 pediatric patients with TDT from October 2023 to May 2024. The length/height-for-age and body mass index (BMI) -for-age were classified based on the Growth Standard for Children under 7 Years of Age, Standard for Height Level Classification among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years, and Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the effects of family economic status and disease-related treatment on length/height-for-age and BMI-for-age.Results:Among the 338 patients, 118 were children and 220 were adolescents (192 males and 146 females), with a median age of 12 years (range: 0.8-18) and a median diagnosis duration of 10.3 years (range: 0.5-17.9). Subtypes included α-thalassemia [21 cases (6.2%) ], β-thalassemia [288 cases (85.2%) ], and combined αβ-thalassemia[29 cases (8.6%) ]. The monthly household income of patients was concentrated in 3 000-5 000 yuan (39.9%) and 5 001-10 000 yuan (34.9%), whereas 67.2% of the families had monthly medical expenses of <3 000 yuan. Of the patients, 75.5% received their first transfusion before 1 year of age. The proportions of children and adolescents with pretransfusion hemoglobin (HGB) of ≤70 g/L were 4.2% and 6.4%, respectively. Adolescents demonstrated significantly higher rates of transfusion frequency of <4 weeks/session, monthly red blood cell infusion of >2 U, serum ferritin (SF) of ≥5 000 μg/L, iron chelation therapy, and splenectomy compared with children (all P<0.05). Of the 338 patients, 26.0%, 22.8%, and 8.9% demonstrated stunted growth, underweight, and concurrent stunted growth with underweight, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the stunted growth rates between children (22.9%) and adolescents (27.7%) ( P=0.402). However, the underweight rate in adolescents (26.8%) was significantly higher than that in children (15.3%) ( P=0.023). The multivariate analysis determined the following risk factors for stunted growth: monthly household income of <10 000 yuan (5 001-10 000 yuan: OR=5.49, 95% CI: 1.48-35.76; 3 000-5 000 yuan: OR=6.87, 95% CI: 1.88-44.60; <3 000 yuan: OR=9.29, 95% CI: 2.20-64.77), pretransfusion HGB of ≤70 g/L ( OR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.07-10.18), and SF of ≥5 000 μg/L ( OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.20-7.70). Longer diagnostic duration was associated with underweight ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) . Conclusions:Children and adolescents with TDT with pretransfusion SF of ≥5 000 μg/L, HGB of ≤70 g/L, low monthly household income, or longer diagnosis duration were significantly more likely to experience delayed physical growth.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal correlation between smartphone multitasking and depressive symptoms, so as to provide an evidence based basis for promoting the mental health of college students. Methods: A total of 967 college students were recruited from one university in Taiyuan, Chongqing, and Shenzhen cities, China, by using multi stage randomized cluster sampling from October to December 2021 at baseline, and a follow up survey was conducted in May 2022. Smartphone multitasking behaviors were assessed by means of the Assessment of Smartphone Multitasking for Adolescents (ASMA), and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among college students. Chi square tests were performed to compare the differences in depressive symptoms between different groups of demographic characteristics, and binary Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the associations between smartphone multitasking and depressive symptoms among college students. Results: The rates of depressive symptoms among college students at baseline and follow up were 35.2% and 42.3%, respectively. Compared to the low level smartphone multitasking index group at baseline, the moderate and high level groups were more likely to experience depressive symptoms at baseline (moderate level group: OR=1.74, 95%CI =1.22-2.50, high level group: OR=2.77, 95%CI =1.94-3.95) and followup (moderate level group: OR=1.41, 95%CI =1.01-1.95, high level group: OR=1.64, 95%CI =1.17-2.29) ( P <0.05). In addition, compared to the persistently low smartphone multitasking index, increased risk of depressive symptoms was associated with maintaining a moderate to high ( OR=2.94, 95%CI =1.83-4.71), and a higher ( OR=2.07, 95%CI =1.31-3.27) or lower smartphone multitasking index ( OR=2.02, 95%CI =1.27-3.19) ( P <0.05). Moreover, higher smartphone multitasking index scores were positively associated with the risk of new-onset depressive symptoms at follow up ( OR=1.87, 95%CI=1.07-3.27, P <0.05). Conclusions Smartphone multitasking behaviors are find to be associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms in college students. There is a need to reduce smartphone multitasking in order to decrease depressive symptoms and promote students mental health.

Objective: To describe the association of different sleep characteristics and cardiometabolic risk among college students, so as to provide reference for health promotion of college students. Methods: By random cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey and physical examination including blood pressure, waist circumference and blood lipid indicators, which were conducted in April and May of 2019 among a total of 1 179 college students from the first grade in two universities in Hefei City of Anhui Province and Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province. A total of 729 college students with valid questionnaires were included into analysis. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to investigate sleep behavior, and the Morning And Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5) was used to investigate sleep characteristics. The cardiometabolic risk score was derived using the sum of the standardized sex specific Z scores of waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, HDL cholesterol (multiplied by -1), triglycerides, and insulin resistance index. The rank sum tests were used to compare differences in cardiometabolic risk scores across demographic characteristics. Generalized linear models were used to compare the association of different sleep characteristics with cardiometabolic risk scores among college students. Results: The average cardiovascular metabolic risk score of college students was -0.32(-2.03, 1.58). There were statistically significant differences in cardiovascular metabolic risk scores among college students in variables such as smoking, health status, and physical activity levels ( t/F=-3.41, 12.88, 51.07, P <0.01). The results of the generalized linear model showed that nighttime preference ( B=1.89, 95%CI =1.02-3.49), insomnia symptoms ( B=3.25, 95%CI =1.79-5.90), and short or long sleep duration ( B=1.92, 95%CI =1.21-3.05) were positively correlated with the cardiovascular metabolic risk score of college students ( P <0.05). Conclusions Poor sleep patterns among college students are positively correlated with the risk of cardiovascular metabolism. The sleep behavior of college students should be actively changed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.