The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of host circular RNA(circRNA)on the proliferation of porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV).Among the significantly downregulated cir-cRNAs identified during PDCoV infection from circRNA expression profiles in ST cells,circCAM-SAP2 was selected for further analysis.The gene origin and junction sequence of circCAMSAP2 were validated using the online Ensembl database and Sanger sequencing.The molecular character-istics of circCAMSAP2 were determined through nucleoplasmic separation assays and RNase R tests.Additionally,the differential expression of circCAMSAP2 during PDCoV infection was con-firmed using RT-qPCR.Overexpression and knockdown experiments were conducted to investigate the regulatory role of circCAMSAP2 in PDCoV replication.The results indicated that circCAM-SAP2 is a circRNA derived from exon 2 of the CAMSAP2 gene through reverse splicing.It is re-sistant to RNase R,has a length of 260 nucleotides,and is predominantly located in the cytoplasm.circCAMSAP2 expression is downregulated during PDCoV replication.Overexpression of circ-CAMSAP2 inhibited PDCoV proliferation,while knockdown promoted it in ST cells.These find-ings suggest that porcine circCAMSAP2 acts as a negative regulator of PDCoV replication and could serve as a potential target for the development of anti-PDCoV therapeutics.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of host circular RNA(circRNA)on the proliferation of porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV).Among the significantly downregulated cir-cRNAs identified during PDCoV infection from circRNA expression profiles in ST cells,circCAM-SAP2 was selected for further analysis.The gene origin and junction sequence of circCAMSAP2 were validated using the online Ensembl database and Sanger sequencing.The molecular character-istics of circCAMSAP2 were determined through nucleoplasmic separation assays and RNase R tests.Additionally,the differential expression of circCAMSAP2 during PDCoV infection was con-firmed using RT-qPCR.Overexpression and knockdown experiments were conducted to investigate the regulatory role of circCAMSAP2 in PDCoV replication.The results indicated that circCAM-SAP2 is a circRNA derived from exon 2 of the CAMSAP2 gene through reverse splicing.It is re-sistant to RNase R,has a length of 260 nucleotides,and is predominantly located in the cytoplasm.circCAMSAP2 expression is downregulated during PDCoV replication.Overexpression of circ-CAMSAP2 inhibited PDCoV proliferation,while knockdown promoted it in ST cells.These find-ings suggest that porcine circCAMSAP2 acts as a negative regulator of PDCoV replication and could serve as a potential target for the development of anti-PDCoV therapeutics.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerging enteropathogenic swine coronavirus causing acute diarrhea and vomiting in pigs. The apoptosis of ST cells induced by PDCoV infection was studied in this research. In ST cells, caspase activity assay showed that the activity of caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 increased significantly with the infection of PDCoV, but not observed in UV irradiated PDCoV-infected cells, indicating that PDCoV infection activated both endogenous and exogenous apoptotic pathways in ST cells, and the induction of apoptosis depended on viral replication. To further investigate the endogenous apoptosis induced by PDCoV, cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factors in cytoplasm and mitochondria were detected. Compared with normal cells, the amount of cytochrome C released from mitochondria to cytoplasm increased significantly in PDCoV-infected cells, and the release increased with the prolongation of infection, while the apoptosis-inducing factor was always localized to mitochondria, suggesting that PDCoV induced apoptosis was initiated through caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by promoting cytochrome C in the mitochondrial membrane gap into the cytosol. In conclusion, this study reveals the mechanism of PDCoV inducing apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Mitochondria ; Swine ; Swine Diseases

OBJECTIVETo explore the treatment skill and clinical effect of bone setting manipulation in treating proximal humeral fracture with shoulder dislocation.

METHODSFrom January 2015 to December 2015, 118 cases of proximal humeral fractures with shoulder joint dislocation were treated by bone setting reduction and fixation with adhesive tape or Kirschner wire after reduction, including 56 males and 62 females with an average age of 61 years old ranging from 48 to 88 years old. The time from injury to treatment was 1 to 31 days with an average of 3 days. All fractures were closed, according to Neer standard classification, there were 27 cases of type II, 55 cases of type III and 36 cases of type IV. There were 85 cases of shoulder subglenoid dislocation, 33 cases of subcoracoid dislocation. All the patients were accompanied by obvious shoulder joint deformity, dysfunction and other symptoms. All cases were diagnosed by X-ray examination, and the bone setting manipulation was performed under the brachial plexus anesthesia. According to the type of fracture and fixation method, the patients were encouraged to exercise the limb rehabilitation, and the curative effect was determined by Constant-Murley shoulder score system.

RESULTSAll cases were followed up for 6 to 12 months with an average of 9 months. There were 1 case of humeral head necrosis, 2 cases of traumatic frozen shoulder. The score of shoulder joint function Constant-Murley was 84.5±4.5; among them, 78 cases were excellent, 28 cases were good, 9 cases were fair, 3 cases were poor, the excellent and the good rate was 89.8%. X-ray showed bony union of all cases.

CONCLUSIONSThe treatment of proximal humeral fracture with dislocation of shoulder joint by bone setting manipulation is a skillful method, with simple operation, small trauma and satisfactory curative effect.

Objective To investigate the effect of growth hormone replacement therapy on life quality of patients with growth hormone deficiency after sellar tumor surgery.Methods The data of 13 patients undergoing sellar tumor resection and suffering postoperative hypopituitarism from Jun.2009 to Dec.2010.were collected.Each of them was given daily 0.5 units growth hormone (about 0.17 mg) as replacement therapy.The life quality of patients at different time points was evaluated with QoL-GDHA scale.SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results 1,3,and 6 months after treatment,QoL-GDHA score of the patients was 3.91± 2.29,3.38 + 2.43,and 3.23 + 2.28 repectively,significantly lower than before ( 8.69 ± 2.66).The difference had statistical significance (P ＜0.05 ).Conclusion Growth hormone replacement therapy can significantly improve the life quality of patients with hypopituitarism after sellar tumor surgery.

Objective To detect the expression of Beclin1 and Bcl2 in invasive pituitary adenomas and to explore the relationship of Beclin1 and Bci2 in invasive pituitary adenomas and the relativity between the 2 genes.Methods 61 specimens were classified into invasive group (32 cases) and non-invasive group (29 cases) according to the comprehensive evaluation of invasive pituitary adenomas.lmmunofluorescence analysis and RT-PCR were adopted respectively to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of Beclinl and Bcl2.The difference and relativity of Beclin1 and Bcl2 expression in invasive group and non-invasive group were analyzed.Results 32 specimens of pituitary adenoma were invasive and 29 were non-invasive.Beclin1 protein and mRNA expressions were lower in the invasive group than in the non-invasive group (P ＜0.01 ).Bcl2 protein and mRNA expressions were higher in the invasive group than in the non-invasive group (P ＜0.01 ).Pearson related analysis showed that Beclin1 mRNA expression was negtively correlated with Bcl2 mRNA expression in the invasive group ( r =-0.42,P =0.028 ).Conclusions Beclinl expression is decreased in invasive pituitary adenomas.The invasiveness of pituitary adenoma is closely related to the high expression of Bcl2 protein and mRNA,and the low expression of Beclin1 protein and mRNA.The inhibition of the autophagy may lead to the enhancement of the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas and that inhibition may come from the interaction of Beclin1 and Bcl2.

Objective To recover laboratory data and software function in machine-number-based encryption. Methods Database and cryptograph files were replaced respectively by the corresponding files backuped previously after the operating software of Tecan SunRise setting up in new system,and set essential configuration. Results Laboratory data and software function were recovered entirely,and apparatus ran normally. Conclusion Besides database files,the cryptograph files were also essential data, which must be preserved in machine number based encryption.