Astrocytes and microglia engage in extensive and complex communication and mutual effect, which referrs to microglia-astrocyte crosstalk. Recent studies have highlighted that this crosstalk plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases, exerting either protective or detrimental effects. This review briefly introduces the molecular mechanism of microglia-astrocyte crosstalk and its research progress in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease, aiming to provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for clinical improvement of neurodegenerative diseases from perspective of microglia-astrocyte crosstalk.

Tubal ciliary movement is one of the essential transport mechanisms for female fertility, playing a key role in facilitating oocyte pickup and transporting the fertilized ovum. This movement is mediated by multiciliated cells and regulated by specific proteins and hormones that modulate ciliary number, length, polarity, beat frequency, and amplitude to ensure proper function. Genetic mutations, inflammatory stimuli, and hormonal fluctuations can impair ciliary activity or induce ciliary apoptosis, leading to ciliary dysfunction. Disorders of tubal ciliary movement are frequently observed in primary ciliary dyskinesia, pelvic inflammatory disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and endometriosis, conditions commonly associated with female infertility. These disorders manifest as structural abnormalities of cilia, disrupted polarity, shortened ciliary length, reduced ciliary count, and decreased beat frequency and amplitude. Understanding the role of tubal ciliary movement in female infertility-related diseases, through immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis, helps clarify underlying infertility mechanisms. Identifying abnormal inflammatory factors, hormonal environments, and gene expression, combined with advanced techniques for measuring ciliary protein and beat frequency, may offer novel clinical targets for early prevention and treatment of female infertility.
Humans ; Female ; Infertility, Female/etiology* ; Cilia/physiology* ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/physiopathology* ; Fallopian Tubes/physiopathology* ; Endometriosis/complications* ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/complications*

Purpose To explore the expression level of let-7b-5p in glioma and its effects and potential mecha-nisms on U251 cell growth.Methods The expression of let-7b-5p in glioma was detected using qRT-PCR.Data from the CGGA database were analyzed to examine the relationship between the let-7b-5p expression levels,WHO grade and overall survival rates of glioma patients.Transient transfection was used to downregulate the expression of let-7b-5p and IGF1R in U251 cells.The role and potential mechanism of let-7b-5p in the U251 cell were evaluated using qRT-PCR,CCK8 assays,clone formation assays,Western blotting,and double luciferase reporter assays.Results The expres-sion of let-7b-5p in glioma cells(A172:3.64±0.64,V251:4.56±0.52,U87-MG:3.31±0.50)and tissues(2.18±0.22)was significantly higher than that in astrocytes(HMC3:1.00±0.21,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)and nor-mal brain tissues(1.01±0.19,P＜0.05).Let-7b-5p expression was negatively correlated with WHO grades but pos-itively correlated with survival rates in primary and recurrent glioma patients(P＜0.000 1 and P=0.028,respective-ly).Knockdown of let-7b-5p in U251 cells significantly promoted the growth of glioma cells(CCK8:knockdown group 126.00±12.09 vs miR-NC group 90.93±5.13,P＜0.05)and activated PI3K/AKT signal pathway.Suppressing IGF1R expression in U251 cells reversed the effects of let-7b-5p knockdown on glioma cell growth[CCK8:let-7b-5p knockdown+IGF1R knockdown group(92.08±6.14)vs let-7b-5p knockdown+sh-NC group(116.67.08±8.50)]and PI3K/AKT signal pathway activation.Conclusion Let-7b-5p functions as a tumor suppressor gene in glioma.It may regulate glioma cell growth by targeting IGF1R and modulating PI3K/AKT signal pathway.

Purpose To explore the expression level of let-7b-5p in glioma and its effects and potential mecha-nisms on U251 cell growth.Methods The expression of let-7b-5p in glioma was detected using qRT-PCR.Data from the CGGA database were analyzed to examine the relationship between the let-7b-5p expression levels,WHO grade and overall survival rates of glioma patients.Transient transfection was used to downregulate the expression of let-7b-5p and IGF1R in U251 cells.The role and potential mechanism of let-7b-5p in the U251 cell were evaluated using qRT-PCR,CCK8 assays,clone formation assays,Western blotting,and double luciferase reporter assays.Results The expres-sion of let-7b-5p in glioma cells(A172:3.64±0.64,V251:4.56±0.52,U87-MG:3.31±0.50)and tissues(2.18±0.22)was significantly higher than that in astrocytes(HMC3:1.00±0.21,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)and nor-mal brain tissues(1.01±0.19,P＜0.05).Let-7b-5p expression was negatively correlated with WHO grades but pos-itively correlated with survival rates in primary and recurrent glioma patients(P＜0.000 1 and P=0.028,respective-ly).Knockdown of let-7b-5p in U251 cells significantly promoted the growth of glioma cells(CCK8:knockdown group 126.00±12.09 vs miR-NC group 90.93±5.13,P＜0.05)and activated PI3K/AKT signal pathway.Suppressing IGF1R expression in U251 cells reversed the effects of let-7b-5p knockdown on glioma cell growth[CCK8:let-7b-5p knockdown+IGF1R knockdown group(92.08±6.14)vs let-7b-5p knockdown+sh-NC group(116.67.08±8.50)]and PI3K/AKT signal pathway activation.Conclusion Let-7b-5p functions as a tumor suppressor gene in glioma.It may regulate glioma cell growth by targeting IGF1R and modulating PI3K/AKT signal pathway.

Astrocytes and microglia engage in extensive and complex communication and mutual effect, which referrs to microglia-astrocyte crosstalk. Recent studies have highlighted that this crosstalk plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases, exerting either protective or detrimental effects. This review briefly introduces the molecular mechanism of microglia-astrocyte crosstalk and its research progress in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease, aiming to provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for clinical improvement of neurodegenerative diseases from perspective of microglia-astrocyte crosstalk.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides （DOP） in reversing carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄）-induced hepatic fibrosis （HF） in rats via the Notch signaling pathway and evaluate the therapeutic effect of DOP by ultrasound elastography. MethodFifty-six male SD rats were randomized into normal， model， colchicine （1×10^-4 g·kg^-1）， Fuzheng Huayu powder （0.45 g·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （0.05， 0.1， 0.2 g·kg^-1） DOP groups （n=8）. The rats in the model group and each treatment group were injected subcutaneously with a mixture of CCl₄-olive oil （2∶3） once every 3 days for 10 weeks. After 6 weeks of modelling， the rats were administrated with corresponding drugs once a day for 4 weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were employed to observe the pathomorphological changes of the liver tissue. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， and total bile acids （TBA）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the serum levels of hyaluronic acid （HA）， laminin （LN）， type Ⅲ precollagen （PC-Ⅲ）， and type Ⅳ collagen （Col-Ⅳ）. The mRNA and protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， Notch1， Jagged1， and Hes1 in the liver tissue were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot， respectively. The Young's modulus （YM） of the rat liver was measured by acoustic radiation force impulse （ARFI） elastography before and after treatment. Then， the correlations of YM with the serum levels of HA， LN， PC-Ⅲ， and Col-Ⅳ and the protein levels of α-SMA and Notch1 signaling pathway-related factors in the liver tissue were analyzed. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed disordered arrangement of liver cell cords， obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells， appearance of a large number of fat vacuoles， and fibrous proliferation， elevated levels of ALT， AST， TBA， ALP， HA， LN， PC-Ⅲ， and Col-Ⅳ in the serum， and up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA， Notch1， Jagged1， and Hes1 in the liver tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， drug interventions alleviated the pseudolobule formation and the collagen deposition in confluent areas. Except that the serum level of ALT in the low-dose DOP group had no significant changes， drug interventions， especially high-dose DOP， lowered the levels of ALT， AST， TBA， ALP， HA， LN， PC-Ⅲ， and Col-Ⅳ in the serum and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA， Notch1， Jagged1， and Hes1 in the liver tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of ARFI and correlation analysis showed that the YM of the liver tissue was increased in the model group （P<0.01） compared with that in the normal group， Compared with the model group， drug interventions decreased YM （P<0.01）. YM was positively correlated with the expression levels of HA， LN， PC-Ⅲ， α-SMA， Notch1， Jagged1， and Hes1s （r=0.754， 0.734， 0.801， 0.885， 0.896， 0.757， and 0.800， respectively， P<0.01）， and it had a moderate correlation with Col-Ⅳ （r=0.688， P<0.01）. ConclusionDOP can reverse HF by down-regulating the Notch1/Jagged1/Hes1 signaling pathway. YM can be used as an indicator in the assessment of the efficacy of DOP against HF.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide （DOP）on CCl₄-induced hepatic fibrosis（HF）and its mechanism. MethodsA total of 56 male SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups： normal group（NG），model group（MG），colchicine group（CG， 0.1 mg/kg）， Fuzheng Huayu group（FG， 0.45 g/kg），low-dose DOP group（LDG， 0.05 g/kg），middle-dose DOP group（MDG， 0.1 g/kg）and high-dose DOP group（HDG，0.2 g/kg），with 8 rats in each group. HF rat model was established by subcutaneous injection with 40% CCl₄ olive oil mixture， every 3-day for 10 weeks. At the end of the sixth week， the drug groups were treated with colchicine， Fuzheng Huayu and DOP solution by gavage respectively， once a day for 4 weeks. NG and MG groups were similarly handled with an equal amount of 0.9 % normal saline. Liver histopathology was detected using hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， Masson and Sirius red staining； blood biochemistry was tested for liver function and four indicators of HF； RT-qPCR and Western Blot were used to measure the expression of α-SMA， Col-I， E-cadherin， and ZEB1 genes and proteins in the liver tissues of rats， respectively. ResultsHE， Masson， and Sirius red staining showed that the liver tissue of MG rats had typical pathologic features of HF， and the degree of HF was alleviated in LDG， MDG， and HDG rats， respectively. Liver function test results showed that the serum AST， TBIL， and AKP levels were significantly lower in LDG， MDG， and HDG， compared with those of the MG （P < 0.05 or < 0.01）. Meanwhile， ALT levels in serum deceased remarkably except in LDG （P < 0.05 or < 0.01）. The four results of HF showed that the serum HA， LN， PC-Ⅲ， and COL-Ⅳ levels in LDG， MDG， and HDG rats were significantly decreased compared with those of the MG （P < 0.05 or < 0.01）. The relative expressions of α-SMA， COL-I， and ZEB1 genes and proteins were significantly decreased in the liver tissues of LDG， MDG， and HDG （P < 0.05 or < 0.01）， and the relative expression of E-cadherin gene and protein increased （P < 0.05 or < 0.01）. In addition， the expressions of HA， α-SMA， COL-I， ZEB1 and E-cadherin were dependent on the dose of DOP. ConclusionDOP alleviated the degree of CCl₄ induced HF in rats by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in liver tissue.

Objective: To explore the intervention effect of group counseling integrating teadrinking on depression, social avoidance and distress, coping styles and selfesteem among college students, so as to provide references for promoting the psychological health of students. Methods: From March to June 2021, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 46 college students from a university in Nanjing for intervention project. There were 23 students in intervention group and control group, respectively. The intervention was conducted for 2.5 hours per week across a 6 week period. The intervention group received two sessions of group counseling that incorporated teadrinking experience, and the sessions involved tea knowledge explanation, observation and learning, embodied experience, emotional expression, interpersonal assistance and emotional support, cultural customs and life integration. After the intervention was completed, the control group received onetime group counseling that integrated teadrinking. The Wilcoxon difference test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to compare the scores of each scale within and between the groups, and the χ2 test was used to compare the detection rates. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the scores of positive coping, negative coping, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress between the intervention group and the control group (Z=-1.20, -0.33, -0.35, 1.31,P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in positive coping styles, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress between the intervention group and the control group after the intervention(27.70±5.60，22.05±4.30；30.52±3.63，28.27±4.06；7.43±7.38，13.64±6.79) (Z=-3.31, -2.10, 3.22, P<0.05). The intervention group showed statistically significant differences in social avoidance and distress scores before and after the intervention(11.96±7.47,7.43±7.38) (Z=-2.88), and the depression detection rate decreased(60.9%，30.4%) (χ2=4.29) (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in positive coping, negative coping, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress scores, and depression detection rate between the control group before and after the intervention (Z/χ2=-0.28, -0.42, -1.24, -1.25；1.39, P>0.05). The followup results 1year later showed that there was a statistically significant difference in social avoidance and distress(6.57±6.21,14.16±9.22), and in the detection rates of depression(21.7%,52.2%) between the intervention group and the control group (Z/χ2=2.70,4.57,P<0.05). Conclusions Group counseling integrating teadrinking could improve interpersonal relationships, emotional states, selfesteem levels and coping strategies among college students. Group psychological counseling that incorporates teadrinking can be adopted to improve the mental health status of college students.

Astrocytes(AS)are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system and are involved in many physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system.Alterations in their phenotype are particularly important for the health of the CNS.Epigenetic mechanisms,including DNA methylation,histone modification,non-coding RNA regulation,and chromatin remodeling,are closely linked to alterations in AS proliferation,differentiation,inflammation,and other phenotypic features,but how these mechanisms function needs to be explored and summarized.By reviewing the recent advances in the role of epigenetic mechanisms in AS under various physiological and pathological states,we aim to provide new ideas for the understanding and treatment of related diseases.