Tubal ciliary movement is one of the essential transport mechanisms for female fertility, playing a key role in facilitating oocyte pickup and transporting the fertilized ovum. This movement is mediated by multiciliated cells and regulated by specific proteins and hormones that modulate ciliary number, length, polarity, beat frequency, and amplitude to ensure proper function. Genetic mutations, inflammatory stimuli, and hormonal fluctuations can impair ciliary activity or induce ciliary apoptosis, leading to ciliary dysfunction. Disorders of tubal ciliary movement are frequently observed in primary ciliary dyskinesia, pelvic inflammatory disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and endometriosis, conditions commonly associated with female infertility. These disorders manifest as structural abnormalities of cilia, disrupted polarity, shortened ciliary length, reduced ciliary count, and decreased beat frequency and amplitude. Understanding the role of tubal ciliary movement in female infertility-related diseases, through immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis, helps clarify underlying infertility mechanisms. Identifying abnormal inflammatory factors, hormonal environments, and gene expression, combined with advanced techniques for measuring ciliary protein and beat frequency, may offer novel clinical targets for early prevention and treatment of female infertility.
Humans ; Female ; Infertility, Female/etiology* ; Cilia/physiology* ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/physiopathology* ; Fallopian Tubes/physiopathology* ; Endometriosis/complications* ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/complications*

Objective: To explore the intervention effect of group counseling integrating teadrinking on depression, social avoidance and distress, coping styles and selfesteem among college students, so as to provide references for promoting the psychological health of students. Methods: From March to June 2021, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 46 college students from a university in Nanjing for intervention project. There were 23 students in intervention group and control group, respectively. The intervention was conducted for 2.5 hours per week across a 6 week period. The intervention group received two sessions of group counseling that incorporated teadrinking experience, and the sessions involved tea knowledge explanation, observation and learning, embodied experience, emotional expression, interpersonal assistance and emotional support, cultural customs and life integration. After the intervention was completed, the control group received onetime group counseling that integrated teadrinking. The Wilcoxon difference test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed to compare the scores of each scale within and between the groups, and the χ2 test was used to compare the detection rates. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the scores of positive coping, negative coping, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress between the intervention group and the control group (Z=-1.20, -0.33, -0.35, 1.31,P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in positive coping styles, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress between the intervention group and the control group after the intervention(27.70±5.60，22.05±4.30；30.52±3.63，28.27±4.06；7.43±7.38，13.64±6.79) (Z=-3.31, -2.10, 3.22, P<0.05). The intervention group showed statistically significant differences in social avoidance and distress scores before and after the intervention(11.96±7.47,7.43±7.38) (Z=-2.88), and the depression detection rate decreased(60.9%，30.4%) (χ2=4.29) (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in positive coping, negative coping, selfesteem, social avoidance and distress scores, and depression detection rate between the control group before and after the intervention (Z/χ2=-0.28, -0.42, -1.24, -1.25；1.39, P>0.05). The followup results 1year later showed that there was a statistically significant difference in social avoidance and distress(6.57±6.21,14.16±9.22), and in the detection rates of depression(21.7%,52.2%) between the intervention group and the control group (Z/χ2=2.70,4.57,P<0.05). Conclusions Group counseling integrating teadrinking could improve interpersonal relationships, emotional states, selfesteem levels and coping strategies among college students. Group psychological counseling that incorporates teadrinking can be adopted to improve the mental health status of college students.

Objective:To analyze the dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic (RCM) features of extragenital lichen sclerosus, and to identify their associations with histopathological manifestations.Methods:A total of 57 patients with histopathologically confirmed lichen sclerosus were retrospectively collected from the Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital from October 2010 to April 2024. Dermoscopic and RCM images were collected from typical skin lesions in extragenital areas, and the consistency between dermoscopic or RCM characteristics and histopathological features was analyzed.Results:Among the 57 patients with extragenital lichen sclerosus, there were 15 males and 42 females, with ages ranging from 5 to 60 years and disease duration from 5 to 28 months. The skin lesions were mainly located on the face and neck (23 cases, 40.4%) and back (11 cases, 19.3%). Histopathological features included hyperkeratosis with follicular plugging, vacuolar degeneration of basal cells, edematous papillary and superficial dermis, collagen homogenization, and predominant infiltration of variable amounts of melanophages and lymphocytes in the superficial dermis. Dermoscopy showed yellowish-white structureless areas in 57 cases (100%), yellowish-white circular structures in 55 (corresponding to follicular keratotic plugs, 96.5%), characteristic vascular structures in 54 (94.7%), gray-brown punctate pigmentation in 56 (98.3%), xanthochromic patchy pigmentation in 20 (35.1%), white scales in 54 (94.7%), white scar-like hypopigmentation in 43 (75.4%), and hemorrhagic spots in 2 (3.5%). RCM images showed follicular plugging in 44 cases (77.19%), manifesting as dilated follicular infundibula containing highly refractive keratotic materials; liquefaction degeneration of the basal cell ring was observed in 57 cases (100%), manifesting as loss of the basal cell ring, blurred epidermal-dermal junction, and infiltration of variable amounts of melanophages and inflammatory cells in the superficial dermis; dilatation of superficial dermal blood vessels was seen in 46 (80.7%) ; all 57 cases (100%) showed reduced epidermal thickness compared to surrounding normal skin, epidermal atrophy and thinning, and rete ridge flattening; hyperkeratosis was observed in 57 cases (100%) ; 39 cases (68.42%) showed thickened fibers with increased refractivity in the superficial dermis. The detection rates of follicular keratotic plugs, patchy pigmentation, and white scar-like hypopigmentation by dermoscopy significantly differed from those by histopathological examinations (all P < 0.05), so did the detection rates of superficial dermal collagen thickening and vascular dilatation by RCM (both P < 0.05) . Conclusions:Extragenital lichen sclerosus has characteristic dermoscopic and RCM manifestations, which were highly consistent with its histopathological findings. Dermoscopy combined with RCM technology can provide effective support for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of extragenital lichen sclerosus.

Objective:To observe the effect of narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) treatment of patients with psoriasis vulgaris on the expression of Wnt5a and Frizzled2 signaling molecules and its relationship with skin lesions so as to explore the mechanism of treating psoriasis vulgaris with NB-UVB.Methods:Thirty-two patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 30 healthy volunteers were selected into a case group and a healthy control group. The case group was treated with NB-UVB irradiation for 8 weeks. The mRNA and protein associated with Wnt5a and Frizzled2 signaling molecules in the skin tissues of both groups were detected before and after the phototherapy using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting respectively. Psoriasis area and severity index(PASI) scores were recorded before and after the treatment for the case group, and the correlation between Wnt5a and Frizzled2 protein content and PASI score was analyzed.Results:Before the treatment the expression of Wnt5a and Frizzled2 molecular mRNA and protein in the lesioned area of the case group was significantly higher than in the healthy area of the case group and in the healthy group. It had decreased significantly after the treatment. Before the treatment, the expression of Wnt5a and Frizzled2 protein in the lesioned area was significantly and positively correlated with the severity of the disease. However, after the NB-UVB treatment, the average PASI score was significantly decreased. The expression of Wnt5a and Frizzled2 protein in the lesioned area was still significantly and positively correlated with the severity of the disease.Conclusion:NB-UVB irradiation can significantly reduce the mRNA and protein expression levels of Wnt5a/Frizzled2 signaling molecules in the lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, which may be one of the mechanisms of NB-UVB in treating psoriasis.

Amyloid deposits are one of the hallmark pathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). They can be visualized by thioflavin-S, silver impregnation, Congo red staining, and immunohistochemical reactions. However, that amyloid deposits generate blue autofluorescence (auto-F) has been ignored. Here, we report that visible light-induced auto-F of senile plaques (SPs) was detected and validated with conventional methods. Brain slices from APP/PS1 (amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1) transgenic mice were mounted on slides, rinsed, coverslipped and observed for details of the imaging and spectral characteristics of the auto-F of SPs. Then the slices were treated with the above classic methods for comparative validation. We found that the SP auto-F was greatest under blue-violet excitation with a specific emission spectrum, and was much easier, more sensitive, and reliable than the classic methods. Because it does not damage slices, observation of auto-F can be combined with all post-staining techniques in slices and for brain-wide imaging in AD.

OBJECTIVETo examine the proportion and reasons of drop-out from antiretroviral therapy (ART) among 8 367 adult HIV-infected individuals in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.

METHODSAll adult HIV-infected patients receiving ART before September 30 of 2014 were examined for the situation of drop-out from ART.

RESULTSThe proportion of drop-out from ART among adult HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture was 14.4% (1 202/8 367). Results from the univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with factors as: living area, gender, age, marital status, HIV transmission route, baseline CD4⁺ T cell counts and initial treatment regimen of the patients. After adjusted for potential confounding variables by multiple logistic regression model, drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with residential area, marital status, HIV transmission route, baseline CD4⁺ T cell count and initial treatment regimen of the patients. HIV-infected patients who were living in Mangshi city, Lianghe county or Yingjiang County, being married or living with partner, HIV infection through sexual contact, with baseline CD4⁺ T cell counts ≤ 200 cells/mm³, and ART included in the initial treatment regimen etc., were less likely to drop out from ART. The proportion of drop out from ART was significantly decreasing along with the increasing time of ART. Data from specific investigation revealed that among the 1 202 patients who dropped out from ART, 704 (58.6%) were lost to follow-up, 303 (25.2%) did not adhere to treatment, 74 (6.2%) moved out the region, 64 (5.3%) were Burmese that had returned to Burma, 29 (2.4%) stopped the treatment according to doctors' advice, 18 (1.5%) were incarcerated and 10 (0.8%) were under other reasons. Reasons for the drop-out varied, according to the situation of patients.

CONCLUSIONThe proportion of drop-out from ART varied significantly according to the characteristics of HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture that underscoring the needs for tailored responses to reduce drop-out of ART. Focus should be targeted on reducing the loss to follow-up and improving the treatment adherence.

Objective To introduce the application of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assays in the diagnosis of patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP).Methods Copy numbers of the exons in peripheral myelin prolein 22 (PMP22) gene,tektin 3 (TEKT3) gene and cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein 10 (COX10) gene were analyzed by MLPA in 8 patients diagnosed with HNPP clinically and 5 normal controls.Results Among the 8 patients,7 patients were identified to have deletion mutations according to their reduced peak area of PMP22 gene,TEKT3 gene and COX10 gene compared with that of normal controls.One patient with normal peak area of PMP22 gene,TEKT3 gene and COX10 gene showed no deletion of these genes.Conclusions MLPA assays can detect the copy numbers of genes in HNPP region through semi-quantitative analysis in a rapid,accurate way,which may be utilized widely in the genetic diagnosis among HNPP patients.

Objective To examine the proportion and reasons of drop-out from antiretroviral therapy(ART)among 8 367 adult HIV-infected individuals in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province. Methods All adult HIV-infected patients receiving ART before September 30 of 2014 were examined for the situation of drop-out from ART. Results The proportion of drop-out from ART among adult HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture was 14.4%(1 202/8 367). Results from the univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with factors as:living area,gender,age,marital status,HIV transmission route,baseline CD4+T cell counts and initial treatment regimen of the patients. After adjusted for potential confounding variables by multiple logistic regression model,drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with residential area,marital status,HIV transmission route,baseline CD4+T cell count and initial treatment regimen of the patients. HIV-infected patients who were living in Mangshi city,Lianghe county or Yingjiang county,being married or living with partner,HIV infection through sexual contact,with baseline CD4+T cell counts≤200 cells/mm3,and ART included in the initial treatment regimen etc.,were less likely to drop out from ART. The proportion of drop out from ART was significantly decreasing along with the increasing time of ART. Data from specific investigation revealed that among the 1 202 patients who dropped out from ART,704(58.6%)were lost to follow-up,303(25.2%) did not adhere to treatment,74(6.2%)moved out the region,64(5.3%)were Burmese that had returned to Burma,29 (2.4%) stopped the treatment according to doctors’advice,18(1.5%)were incarcerated and 10 (0.8%) were under other reasons. Reasons for the drop-out varied,according to the situation of patients. Conclusion The proportion of drop-out from ART varied significantly according to the characteristics of HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture that underscoring the needs for tailored responses to reduce drop-out of ART. Focus should be targeted on reducing the loss to follow-up and improving the treatment adherence.

Objective To examine the proportion and reasons of drop-out from antiretroviral therapy(ART)among 8 367 adult HIV-infected individuals in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province. Methods All adult HIV-infected patients receiving ART before September 30 of 2014 were examined for the situation of drop-out from ART. Results The proportion of drop-out from ART among adult HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture was 14.4%(1 202/8 367). Results from the univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with factors as:living area,gender,age,marital status,HIV transmission route,baseline CD4+T cell counts and initial treatment regimen of the patients. After adjusted for potential confounding variables by multiple logistic regression model,drop-out from ART was significantly correlated with residential area,marital status,HIV transmission route,baseline CD4+T cell count and initial treatment regimen of the patients. HIV-infected patients who were living in Mangshi city,Lianghe county or Yingjiang county,being married or living with partner,HIV infection through sexual contact,with baseline CD4+T cell counts≤200 cells/mm3,and ART included in the initial treatment regimen etc.,were less likely to drop out from ART. The proportion of drop out from ART was significantly decreasing along with the increasing time of ART. Data from specific investigation revealed that among the 1 202 patients who dropped out from ART,704(58.6%)were lost to follow-up,303(25.2%) did not adhere to treatment,74(6.2%)moved out the region,64(5.3%)were Burmese that had returned to Burma,29 (2.4%) stopped the treatment according to doctors’advice,18(1.5%)were incarcerated and 10 (0.8%) were under other reasons. Reasons for the drop-out varied,according to the situation of patients. Conclusion The proportion of drop-out from ART varied significantly according to the characteristics of HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture that underscoring the needs for tailored responses to reduce drop-out of ART. Focus should be targeted on reducing the loss to follow-up and improving the treatment adherence.

Objective:To elucidate the effect of hsa-microRNA-218(hsa-mir-218)on exogenous granulysin (GLS) expression in 293T cells.Methods:Total RNA was extracted from THP-1 cells induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetatefor (PMA), and GLS gene was amplified by RT-PCR, and then cloned into pDsRed-Express-C1 to construct the GLS expression vector pDsRed-GLS.Then 293T cells were co-transfected with pDsRed-GLS and pGenesil-mir-218 (pGenesil-mir-control) and laser confocal microscopy was per-formed 36 h later to detect their co-expression .Total RNA and protein were extracted 48 h post transfection , and RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the effect of hsa-mir-218 on exogenous GLS expression .Results:The GLS expression vector pDsRed-GLS was constructed successfully and laser confocal microscopy indicated that it was co -expressed with the interference vector .Compared with that of cells transfected with pGenesil-mir-control, Western blot showed a markedly decrease of GLS protein expression (50%) in the cells transfected with pGenesil-mir-218.However, GLS mRNA expression remained unchanged .Conclusion: hsa-mir-218 nega-tively regulates GLS expression at a post-transcriptional level , and this provides an experimental basis for future study of mechanism of GLS expression regulated by mir-218 .