Objective To compare the contents of malonyl-ginsenosides Rb3 （MG-Rb3） in different parts, including roots, stems, leaves and flowers, of Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng and explore the effects of two drying methods, constant temperature drying and vacuum freeze drying on their contents. Methods The contents of MG-Rb3 in P. ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng were compared based on HPLC analysis, using enzymatically synthesized MG-Rb3 as the reference standard. Results The buds of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium exhibited relatively high levels of MG-Rb3, which were approximately 7.3-18.1 times and 2.8-4.3 times higher than those found in the roots, respectively, and the lowest contents were detected in the stems. The content of MG-Rb3 in P. notoginseng flower buds was about 31.2 times higher than that in leaves. The content of MG-Rb3 in the buds treated by constant temperature drying was about 1-1.1 times that of using vacuum freeze drying. Conclusion The highest content of MG-Rb3 was detected in the flower buds of P. ginseng and P. notoginseng, and the content of MG-Rb3 in leaves of P. quinquefolium was the highest. Content of MG-Rb3 in the buds after constant temperature drying was slightly higher than that of using vacuum freeze drying.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a crucial renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering significant advantages as high flexibility, hemodynamic stability, and high cost-effectiveness. However, prolonged exposure to intra-abdominal dialysate may predispose to the mechanical complication of abdominal external hernia. Abdominal external hernia may lead to various adverse clinical outcomes. In severe cases, it can progress to incarceration or even rupture, ultimately necessitating discontinuation of the therapy. The authors systematically review PD-associated abdominal external hernias, including their clinical landscape, risk factors, surgical treatment strategies and prognostic determinants. They also assess the effects of hernia repair on residual renal function, aiming to provide references for clinical decision-making.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,and treatment of gastric duplication(GD)in children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 46 pediatric patients with GD treated at our hospital from January 2008 to January 2025.The evaluated parameters included age,gender,symptoms,comorbidities,imaging data,surgical process,postoperative treatment and follow-up situation.Analyze the clinical characteristics of GD.Results Forty-four cases were cystic structures,and 2 cases were sinus tracts or tubular structures respectively.The most common site was the cardia/fundus area(20 cases).Seventeen cases were asymptomatic(7 detected during prenatal screening and 10 identified incidentally).The most common associated anomalies were inguinal hernia(4 cases),pulmonary airway malformation(3 cases),pulmonary sequestration(3 cases),and hiatal hernia(3 cases).All 46 patients underwent ultrasound examination,with an accuracy of 97.8％.Upper gastrointestinal contrast studies were performed in 16 cases and computed tomography(CT)was conducted in 34 patients.Perforation occurred in 7 cases.Surgical approaches included laparoscopy(35 cases,with 5 conversions to open surgery),open surgery(9 cases),robotic surgery(1 case),transthoracic surgery(1 case).Operative time ranged from 50 to 250 minutes(median:105 minutes).Postoperative pathology identified pancreatic heterotopia in 6 cases.Time to resume oral intake ranged from 1 to 17 days(median:4 days),and postoperative hospital stay lasted 3-21 days(median:7 days).During follow-up,one patient was readmitted for adhesive intestinal obstruction and managed conservatively,with no other significant complications reported.Conclusion Pediatric GD is a rare congenital anomaly,typically presenting as non-communicating cystic lesions with nonspecific clinical manifestations.Ultrasonography is the primary diagnostic tool,with upper GI series,CT/MRI,and endoscopy as adjuncts.While prompt surgical intervention is indicated for symptomatic cases,those complicated by perforation/infection should undergo delayed elective resection ≥ 3 months following complete inflammatory resolution.Laparoscopic approach is the treatment of choice,while endoscopic intraoperative localization or endoscopic therapy may be considered for small intraluminal lesions.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,and treatment of gastric duplication(GD)in children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 46 pediatric patients with GD treated at our hospital from January 2008 to January 2025.The evaluated parameters included age,gender,symptoms,comorbidities,imaging data,surgical process,postoperative treatment and follow-up situation.Analyze the clinical characteristics of GD.Results Forty-four cases were cystic structures,and 2 cases were sinus tracts or tubular structures respectively.The most common site was the cardia/fundus area(20 cases).Seventeen cases were asymptomatic(7 detected during prenatal screening and 10 identified incidentally).The most common associated anomalies were inguinal hernia(4 cases),pulmonary airway malformation(3 cases),pulmonary sequestration(3 cases),and hiatal hernia(3 cases).All 46 patients underwent ultrasound examination,with an accuracy of 97.8％.Upper gastrointestinal contrast studies were performed in 16 cases and computed tomography(CT)was conducted in 34 patients.Perforation occurred in 7 cases.Surgical approaches included laparoscopy(35 cases,with 5 conversions to open surgery),open surgery(9 cases),robotic surgery(1 case),transthoracic surgery(1 case).Operative time ranged from 50 to 250 minutes(median:105 minutes).Postoperative pathology identified pancreatic heterotopia in 6 cases.Time to resume oral intake ranged from 1 to 17 days(median:4 days),and postoperative hospital stay lasted 3-21 days(median:7 days).During follow-up,one patient was readmitted for adhesive intestinal obstruction and managed conservatively,with no other significant complications reported.Conclusion Pediatric GD is a rare congenital anomaly,typically presenting as non-communicating cystic lesions with nonspecific clinical manifestations.Ultrasonography is the primary diagnostic tool,with upper GI series,CT/MRI,and endoscopy as adjuncts.While prompt surgical intervention is indicated for symptomatic cases,those complicated by perforation/infection should undergo delayed elective resection ≥ 3 months following complete inflammatory resolution.Laparoscopic approach is the treatment of choice,while endoscopic intraoperative localization or endoscopic therapy may be considered for small intraluminal lesions.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a crucial renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering significant advantages as high flexibility, hemodynamic stability, and high cost-effectiveness. However, prolonged exposure to intra-abdominal dialysate may predispose to the mechanical complication of abdominal external hernia. Abdominal external hernia may lead to various adverse clinical outcomes. In severe cases, it can progress to incarceration or even rupture, ultimately necessitating discontinuation of the therapy. The authors systematically review PD-associated abdominal external hernias, including their clinical landscape, risk factors, surgical treatment strategies and prognostic determinants. They also assess the effects of hernia repair on residual renal function, aiming to provide references for clinical decision-making.

Chronic Guillain-Barre syndrome, also known as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy(CIDP), is an immune-mediated demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. This article analyzes the clinical data of a CIDP patient presenting primarily with limb numbness, pain, and weakness. Along with literature review, this study explores the differential diagnosis between CIDP and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in terms of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and treatment.

Objective : To investigation of the interaction between interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and connexin 43 ( Cx43) in bladder contraction and its significance． Methods : Eighty male guinea pigs were randomly divided into blank control group，Glivec group，Gap27 group and Glivec + Gap27 group．Four groups of guinea pigs were per- fused with saline，Glivec，Gap 27，and Glivec + Gap 27 every morning for 2 months．Success of urodynamic testing model after 2 months．Bladder tissue was collected for an in vitro muscle strip test to detect muscle contraction in each group．Correlation between c-Kit and Cx43 was detected by immunofluorescence．The interaction between c- Kit and Cx43 in the bladder was further validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot．Ultrastructural changes in the muscle layer of the bladder were observed by electron microscopy. Results : Urodynamics revealed increased blad- der compliance in the experimental group compared to the blank control group (P＜0. 05) ; bladder compliance increased in the Glivec + Gap27 group compared to the Glivec and Gap27 groups (P＜0. 01) ．In vitro muscle strip experiments revealed that the frequency and tone of bladder muscle strip contractions were lower in the experimental group compared to the blank control group (P＜0. 05) ，and that muscle strip contractions were weaker in the ex- perimental group after administration of acetylcholine (ACH) compared to the control group(P＜0. 05) ．Immuno- fluorescence showed that c-Kit was co-expressed with Cx43 on ICCs cells．qRT-PCR and Western blot suggested that the protein expression level and gene expression level of Cx43 in bladder tissues were lower after inhibition of c-Kit than in the blank control (P＜0. 05) ; after inhibition of Cx43，the protein expression level and gene expres- sion level of c-Kit in bladder tissues the levels of c-Kit protein expression and gene expression in bladder tissues were lower than those in the blank control group (P＜0. 05) ．Electron microscopy revealed that the mitochondrial structure of bladder smooth muscle was disrupted after simultaneous inhibition of c-Kit and Cx43． Conclusion Cx43 is expressed on bladder ICCs and the two may be jointly involved in regulating bladder contractile function ; the joint reduction of Cx43 and c-Kit may have disrupted the mitochondria of bladder smooth muscle，affecting its function and consequently bladder contractile function.

Objective : To investigate the effect of the combination of stem cell leukemia(SCL)recombinant lentivirus and connexin 43 ( Cx43 ) recombinant lentivirus on the function of diabetic cystipathy ( DCP) in guinea pigs. Methods : After 90 healthy guinea pigs were fed normally for 1 week, streptozotocin(STZ)was injected intraperito⁃ neally at 200 mg/kg in a single dose, and random blood glucose was monitored weekly. After 12 weeks of normal feeding, 40 guinea pigs meeting the criteria were screened by urodynamic examination and randomly divided into 4 groups: diabetic group, SCL group, Cx43 group, and SCL + Cx43 group. In the diabetic group, 0. 2 ml of empty lentivirus without gene was instilled into the bladder through the urethra, in the SCL and Cx43 groups, 0. 2 ml of SCL lentivirus and Cx43 lentivirus were instilled using the same method, in the SCL + Cx43 lentivirus group, 0. 2 ml of each SCL and Cx43 lentivirus was instilled through the urethra. After 14 days of transfection, urodynamic examination was performed, and then the guinea pigs were executed after the examination, and the bladders were quickly removed for frozen bladder sections and fluorescent double staining. Results : There were no differences in urodynamic examinations between the SCL and Cx43 groups compared to the diabetic group( P > 0. 05 ) . Urodynamic examination in the SCL + Cx43 group showed improvement in detrusor pressure, abdominal pressure and bladder pressure compared to the diabetic group(P < 0. 05) . In laser confocal experiments, the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) was reduced in the diabetic group, and the spindle structure and cell protrusions were obviously destroyed and appeared in a state of cell lysis. In the SCL and Cx43 groups, there was an improvement in the spindle structure and cell protrusion of ICC⁃like cells, and there was no significant change in the number of cells. In the SCL + Cx43 group, there was an increase in the number of ICC⁃like cells, a significant improvement in the spindle structure and cell protrusion, and the formation of ICC⁃dimers. Conclusion Transurethral co⁃infusion of SCL and Cx43 gene recombinant lentivirus can be successfully transfected in guinea pig DCP bladder, which can restore the number and structure of damaged ICC cells and form ICC dimer structure, improve the pressure of diabetic bladder forced urinary muscle, improve the weakness of urination, ventral pressure voiding and other characteristics. It provides a new direction for the treatment of DCP.

Objective To investigate therapeutic effect of endoscope?guided bougie dilatation on children with benign esophageal stricture. Methods Data of 71 patients with benign esophageal stricture were retrospective analyzed.Patients were divided into group A (reflux stricture),B (congenital esophageal atresia stricture) and C ( caustic injuries stricture) ,based on different causes. The expansion effectiveness and factors of the three groups were analyzed. Results A total of 885 expansions were performed on 71 patients with the total efficacy rate 94?37%( 67/71) . No statistic differences were shown in expansion effectiveness among the 3 groups; group C ( 14?9 times/case, P < 0?05 ) showed more expansion frequencies than group A (9?1 times/case,P<0?05)and group B(10?7 times/case, P<0?05),more complications than group A(1?22%VS 0,P<0?05) and group B(1?22% VS 0?31%,P<0?05). Conclusion Endoscope?guided bougie dilatation is safe and effective for childrens′ benign esophageal stricture. Caustic injuries, refractory benign esophageal stricture,need more expansions and may be accompanied with more complications.

Objective To explore the influence of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods One hundred patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.Both groups were given basic treatment.At this basis,sixty patients in the treatment group were given Chinese decoction,Kudiezi injection,traditional Chinese medicine soaking,and comprehensive rehabilitation; forty patients in the control group were given citicoline,modem rehabilitation techniques.Both groups were treated for 21 days.The scores of NIHSS,ADL,and MMSE were assessed at 7th day,14th day,and 21st day after admission of the trial,respectively.Results After 14 days,the scores of NIHSS (22.33± 1.06)in treatment group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05).After 21 days,the scores of NIHSS,ADL,MMSE in treatment group were(18.73±1.23),(20.19±2.17),(38.68±2.85),and(21.65±l.41),(25.37±2.34),(32.12±3.11)in control group,the improvement of scores in treatment group were superior to the control group (P＜0.05).The total effective rate was 91.67％ in treatment group,and 70％ in control group,it was significantly higher in treatment group than that in the control group (x2=7.98,P＜0.05).Conclusion The therapy of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine can significantly improve ischemic stroke,enhance the therapeutic efficiency of patients with ischemic stroke.