Sesquiterpenes are natural terpenes containing 15 carbon atoms. They are widely used in the perfume, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries due to their remarkable biological activities. The traditional production of sesquiterpenes relies on chemical synthesis or plant extraction, which has the disadvantages of low yields and waste of resources. The construction of microbial cell factories for the efficient synthesis of sesquiterpenes by means of synthetic biology provides a new option. In recent years, with the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, the heterologous synthesis of a variety of sesquiterpenes has been successfully achieved by metabolic engineering of the oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica. In this paper, we review the research progress in the heterologous synthesis of different sesquiterpenes by Y. lipolytica, discuss the synthetic biology strategies commonly used in this field, and make an outlook on the research directions and engineering approaches to further enhance the sesquiterpene yield in this host. This paper provides a reference for strategies such as synergistic optimization of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, enhanced precursors, and opens up new directions for the application of synthetic biology in green chemistry and sustainable production.
Yarrowia/genetics* ; Sesquiterpenes/metabolism* ; Metabolic Engineering/methods* ; Synthetic Biology/methods*

Background and Aims:Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) generally has a good prognosis,leading to relatively limited research on the psychological status of PTC patients. However,animal studies have shown that PTC is associated with negative emotions,which may adversely affect the prognosis of the disease. Therefore,this study was performed to explore the relationship between PTC and negative emotions,focusing on anxiety and depression,to understand their association and provide information for clinical practice and research.Methods:Patients diagnosed with PTC after surgery in the Department of Thyroid Surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from June 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the observation group. Healthy volunteers without a history of thyroid disease or thyroid surgery during the same period were selected as the control group. The emotional status of the subjects in the past year was assessed using a general questionnaire,the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),and the self-rating depression scale (SDS). Multivariable Logistic regression was used to analyze the connection of anxiety and depression to the risk of developing PTC. Results:Comparing the four components of SAS,there was no significant difference in the motor tension scores between the observation group and the control group (P=0.496). However,the observation group had significantly higher scores in psychological emotions,neurofunctional disorders,somatic symptoms,and the total SAS score compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Comparing the four components of SDS,there were no significant differences in psychological emotions and psychomotor scores between the two groups (both P>0.05). However,the observation group had significantly higher scores in somatic disorders,psychological disorders,and the total SDS score compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis of the 20 items of SAS showed that anxiety,panic,insanity,tremors,somatic pain,numbness in hands and feet,palpitations,nightmares,and sleep disturbances were associated with the risk of PTC. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis of the 20 items of SDS indicated that somatic and psychological disorder scores were related to the risk of PTC. Conclusion:Negative emotions are associated with the occurrence and development of PTC,and there may be mutual influences between them. Therefore,attention should be given to the psychological well-being of both healthy individuals and PTC patients. The mechanisms underlying the association between negative emotions and PTC require further exploration.

Background and Aims:Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) generally has a good prognosis,leading to relatively limited research on the psychological status of PTC patients. However,animal studies have shown that PTC is associated with negative emotions,which may adversely affect the prognosis of the disease. Therefore,this study was performed to explore the relationship between PTC and negative emotions,focusing on anxiety and depression,to understand their association and provide information for clinical practice and research.Methods:Patients diagnosed with PTC after surgery in the Department of Thyroid Surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from June 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the observation group. Healthy volunteers without a history of thyroid disease or thyroid surgery during the same period were selected as the control group. The emotional status of the subjects in the past year was assessed using a general questionnaire,the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),and the self-rating depression scale (SDS). Multivariable Logistic regression was used to analyze the connection of anxiety and depression to the risk of developing PTC. Results:Comparing the four components of SAS,there was no significant difference in the motor tension scores between the observation group and the control group (P=0.496). However,the observation group had significantly higher scores in psychological emotions,neurofunctional disorders,somatic symptoms,and the total SAS score compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Comparing the four components of SDS,there were no significant differences in psychological emotions and psychomotor scores between the two groups (both P>0.05). However,the observation group had significantly higher scores in somatic disorders,psychological disorders,and the total SDS score compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis of the 20 items of SAS showed that anxiety,panic,insanity,tremors,somatic pain,numbness in hands and feet,palpitations,nightmares,and sleep disturbances were associated with the risk of PTC. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis of the 20 items of SDS indicated that somatic and psychological disorder scores were related to the risk of PTC. Conclusion:Negative emotions are associated with the occurrence and development of PTC,and there may be mutual influences between them. Therefore,attention should be given to the psychological well-being of both healthy individuals and PTC patients. The mechanisms underlying the association between negative emotions and PTC require further exploration.

Objective To explore and analyze effect of heparin combined with urokinase therapy on lower limb venous thrombosis.Methods 90 cases with lower extremity venous thrombosis were chosed and divided into control group of 45 cases and experimental group of 45 cases according with random number table method.Control group was given pure low molecular heparin treatment, experimental group was treated with small dose of urokinase static drop on the basis of control group, 7 days for a course, a total of 2 course of treatment.Compared two groups before and after treatment of lower limb venous patency rate changes, blood coagulation function index, adverse reactions and the recurrence rate.Results Compared with control group post-treatment.patency rate of posterior divisions, popliteal vein and posterior tibial vein of experimental group were significantly better (P<0.05).Experimental group post-treatment compared with control group post-treatment, PT, APTT, TT time had significant difference ( P <0.05 ).Patients incidence of adverse reactions were significantly lower than control group ( P <0.05 ).Patients were followed up for 1 year recurrence rate was significantly lower than control group ( P <0.05 ).Conclusion Effect of low molecular heparin combined with urokinase in the treatment of venous thrombosis of lower limbs significant and its prognosis is well.

Objective To investigate the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) protein and mRNA in human adenocarcinoma of lung and its clinical significance.Methods One hundred and forty-eight human adenocarcinoma of lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry for Cx43 expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization for mRNA.The relationship between Cx43 expression and clinicopathologcal factors was analyzed.Results The positive rates of Cx43 expression in well/moderately differentiated and poorlydifferemiated/indififerentiated lung cancer tissues were 48.7 ％ (38/78) and 30.0 ％ (21/70),respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of Cx43 expression in negative lymph node metastasis and positive lymphnode metastasis lung cancer tissues were 56.3 ％ (18/32) and 34.5 ％ (40/116),respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of Cx43 expression in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ lung cancer tissues were 51.5 ％ (49/95) and 34.0 ％(18/53),respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rates of Cx43 mRNA expression in adenocarcinoma of lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissues were 32.4 ％ (48/148) and 60.0 ％ (12/20) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of Cx43 is closely related with well differentiation,invasion,status of lymphnode,clinical stage and prognosis of human lung adenocarcinoma.It may participate in the development and progression of human lung adenocarcinoma,and may be used to predict the prognosis of human lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of lung volum ereduction surgery(LVRS) on severe chronic obstrutive pulmonary emphysema (COPE).Methods Fifteen patients with COPE with LVRS were retrospectively analyzed.The lung volume was reduced with GIA by a degree of 20％-30％.The activity and the lung function indexes of patients before LVRS,half a year and 1 year after LVRS were analyzed.Results Fifteen patients recovered and were discharged in 8-54 (14.7 ± 8.8) days after LVRS.The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1),total lung capacity (TLC),residual volume (RV),and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) of patients with LVRS were significantly improved after operation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The lung volume reduction surgery provides a quite new and effective treatment for some cases of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.