The welfare and ethics of laboratory animals are the ethical principles and behavioral norms that need to be followed in conducting animal-based scientific research, breeding and managing laboratory animals, and supervising and regulating such activities. The level of protection of laboratory animal welfare and ethics is closely related to the development of science and technology, which has become a widely recognized international consensus. At present, Guangdong Province is accelerating the construction of a high-level science and technology innovation province and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area International Science and Technology Innovation Center. Guangdong Province should rely on its advanced governance capacity in the field of laboratory animal science and technology ethics to promote the high-quality development of its laboratory animal science and technology sector. Based on the management laws, regulations, and institutional mechanisms of laboratory animals in China, this paper explores the optimization of the laboratory animal science and technology ethics governance system, which includes the institutional guarantees, responsibility systems, ethical review and supervision mechanisms, and education and outreach. Through methods such as literature research, questionnaire surveys, and interview investigations, an empirical study of the laboratory animal science and technology ethics governance system in Guangdong Province has been conducted. Analysis of literature and research results shows that Guangdong Province has basically established a laboratory animal management system, collaboration mechanism, supervision mechanism, and education and training system that meet the current requirements of the laboratory animal science and technology ethics governance system in China. However, there are still problems such as an incomplete laboratory animal science and technology ethics supervision mechanism, an underdeveloped operation mechanism of review institutions, insufficient attention paid by laboratory animal units to the ethical review of animal experiments, inconsistent ethical review standards, and a lack of professional ethical education and training for ethics review personnel. Therefore, optimization measures such as improving the laboratory animal science and technology ethics review system, strengthening supervision and inspection, further strengthening the accountability of responsible entities, formulating review norms, and enhancing hierarchical and classified education and training are proposed, to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the normalized and long-term governance of laboratory animal science and technology ethics in Guangdong Province.

Objective:To explore how one-sided/two-sided brain blood flow affects the occurrence of neurological complications in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, as well as to assess the factors that contribute to the development of neurological complications.Methods:A total of 162 patients diagnosed with Stanford type A aortic dissection who had undergone ascending aorta and total aortic arch replacement at Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from August 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. These patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence of postoperative neurological complications: a group with neurological complications comprising 77 cases and a group without neurological complications comprising 85 cases. A comparative analysis was carried out on general clinical data, surgical and brain perfusion characteristics, as well as preoperative test indicators between these two groups in order to investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of postoperative neurological complications in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection. The data was analyzed using Logistic regression to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative neurological complications and to develop a predictive nomogram model. Calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve (DCA) were generated to assess the accuracy and predictive capability of the nomogram model.Results:In the group of patients who experienced neurological complications, there was a higher prevalence of a history of hypertension, longer operation time, extended periods of cardiopulmonary bypass, cross-clamping, brain perfusion, cooling, and rewarming, as well as increased postoperative drainage volume. Additionally, the levels of preoperative blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and lactic acid (Lac) were elevated compared to those in the non-neurological complications group: 77.9% (60/77) vs. 52.9% (45/85), (409.99 ± 104.26) min vs. (348.29 ± 63.12) min, (223.36 ± 66.86) min vs. (179.25 ± 38.59) min, 112 (94, 133) min vs. 96 (84, 113) min, (35.23 ± 9.89) min vs. (32.14 ± 6.81) min, (82.19 ± 28.69) min vs. (68.76 ± 29.06) min, (79.30 ± 22.60) min vs. (69.54 ± 16.42) min, 806 (529, 1 127) ml vs. 663 (449, 925) ml, 6.78 (5.38, 8.84) mmol/L vs. 6.08 (4.66, 7.76) mmol/L, 86.3 (64.0, 131.9) μmol/L vs. 71.0 (55.6, 84.9) μmol/L, 2.1(1.2, 4.0) mmol/L vs. 1.5 (0.9, 2.3) mmol/L. On the other hand, the percentage of patients who underwent bilateral brain perfusion was lower, and they experienced lower lowest temperature, preoperative platelet count, and ejection fraction levels than those in the non-neurological complications group: 57.1% (44/77) vs. 75.3% (64/85), (25.69 ± 1.04) ℃ vs. (26.04 ± 0.82) ℃, (175.79 ± 58.14) ×10 9/L vs. (213.87 ± 77.29) ×10 9/L, (54.18 ± 3.84)% vs. (55.34 ± 3.56)% ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that a prior history of high blood pressure, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration were identified as autonomous risk factors for the development of postoperative neurological issues in individuals with Stanford type A aortic dissection, while simultaneous brain perfusion emerged as an independent protective element ( P<0.05). Subsequently, a predictive nomogram was constructed incorporating these three pivotal factors to assess the likelihood of postoperative neurological complications in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection. The calibration curve exhibited a noteworthy level of accuracy for the nomogram predictive model ( χ2 = 9.01, P = 0.342). Additionally, the ROC curve analysis displayed an area under the curve of 0.84 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.90) for the nomogram model in predicting postoperative neurological complications in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, indicating a high predictive accuracy. Moreover, DCA analysis indicated that the nomogram model provided a net benefit above 0 across the spectrum of 0 to 90%. Conclusions:Postoperative neurological complications in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection is linked to factors such as a previous history of hypertension, unilateral brain perfusion, an extended cardiopulmonary bypass duration. By developing a nomogram model that incorporates these factors, it becomes feasible to accurately forecast the likelihood of postoperative neurological complications in this patient population. This predictive tool holds significant value in facilitating proactive clinical risk evaluation and preventive measures.

Infectious disease animal models serve as indispensable tools for understanding the transmission patterns,pathogenesis,and anti-infective medicine.During the preparation and application of infectious animal disease models,situations inevitably arise that violate animal welfare and ethics,such as animal pain,suffering,and distress.Considering the biosafety factors,animal mortality is still used as the experimental endpoint in most experiments on infectious animals,which poses extremely high requirements for animal welfare and ethics.It is imperative to establish guiding principles or norms for the welfare and ethics of infectious animal experiments.Based on the fundamental principles of the welfare and ethics of experimental animals,this paper explores the special welfare and ethical requirements in infectious animal experiments.It emphasizes that infectious animal experiments should fully consider the balance among the scientific objectives of the research plan,animal welfare and ethics,and occupational health and safety of personnel.Based on literature research and comparative analysis of the welfare and ethical requirements of conventional animal experiments,special welfare and ethics requirements for infectious animal experiments are proposed,including personnel requirements,experimental animal selection standards,living environment management and equipment,special care and veterinary care,and humane endpoints.Personnel are required to undergo effective biosafety training,and sufficient authority should be granted to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC),veterinarians,and veterinary technicians to ensure the implementation of animal welfare and ethics practices.The selection of laboratory animals should fully consider the requirements of research objectives,welfare,ethics,and biosafety,with the susceptibility and body size of laboratory animals being the key concerns in high-level biosafety laboratories.It is also clarified that the humane endpoint is an indispensable element of welfare and ethics in infectious animal experiments.Environmental enrichment and special care are necessary guarantees for achieving animal welfare and ethics.Therefore,this study can serve as a reference for relevant work.

Infectious disease animal models serve as indispensable tools for understanding the transmission patterns,pathogenesis,and anti-infective medicine.During the preparation and application of infectious animal disease models,situations inevitably arise that violate animal welfare and ethics,such as animal pain,suffering,and distress.Considering the biosafety factors,animal mortality is still used as the experimental endpoint in most experiments on infectious animals,which poses extremely high requirements for animal welfare and ethics.It is imperative to establish guiding principles or norms for the welfare and ethics of infectious animal experiments.Based on the fundamental principles of the welfare and ethics of experimental animals,this paper explores the special welfare and ethical requirements in infectious animal experiments.It emphasizes that infectious animal experiments should fully consider the balance among the scientific objectives of the research plan,animal welfare and ethics,and occupational health and safety of personnel.Based on literature research and comparative analysis of the welfare and ethical requirements of conventional animal experiments,special welfare and ethics requirements for infectious animal experiments are proposed,including personnel requirements,experimental animal selection standards,living environment management and equipment,special care and veterinary care,and humane endpoints.Personnel are required to undergo effective biosafety training,and sufficient authority should be granted to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC),veterinarians,and veterinary technicians to ensure the implementation of animal welfare and ethics practices.The selection of laboratory animals should fully consider the requirements of research objectives,welfare,ethics,and biosafety,with the susceptibility and body size of laboratory animals being the key concerns in high-level biosafety laboratories.It is also clarified that the humane endpoint is an indispensable element of welfare and ethics in infectious animal experiments.Environmental enrichment and special care are necessary guarantees for achieving animal welfare and ethics.Therefore,this study can serve as a reference for relevant work.

Pain modulation encompasses a complex neurobiological process, in which the lateral habenula (LHb) plays a crucial role in integrating, regulating and modulating pain signals. It is also involved in pain-related memory functions associated with perception, transmission and regulation of pain. Furthermore, the LHb collaborates with structures such as the spinal dorsal horn, forebrain, and amygdala to form an essential neural circuit that contributes to sensitization, development of tolerance, and adaptation processes related to pain. However, there remains limited understanding regarding the specific roles and interactions among different neuron subtypes within the LHb concerning pain regulation. Additionally, further investigation is warranted to explore functional changes and plasticity within both the LHb and its associated neural circuits in chronic pain models. Future research endeavors should utilize advanced neuroimaging techniques alongside optogenetics and gene editing technologies to elucidate intricate neural circuits, cellular architecture, and molecular mechanisms governing LHb function in pain regulation. In conclusion, this paper aims to comprehensively review existing literature on the involvement of the LHb and its neural circuits in modulating pain, thereby enhancing our understanding of their neurobiological mechanisms while providing novel targets for precise therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating pain.

This study aims to determine the nephrotoxic effects of 3-monochloropropanel-1,2-diol(3-MCPD)on female and male SD rats.A nephrotoxicity model was established by gavage of dif-ferent doses of 3-MCPD,and 80 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:the control group(0 mg/kg 3-MCPD),low-dose group(15 mg/kg 3-MCPD),medium-dose group(30 mg/kg 3-MCPD),high-dose group(60 mg/kg 3-MCPD),with half female and half male.The body mass and food intake of the rats were recorded weekly,and the urine and blood and kidney tissues were col-lected after 28 consecutive days of gavage,and the blood erythrocyte count(WBC),white blood cell count(RBC),hemoglobin(HGB),erythrocyte-compaction-transfer-value(HCT),creatinine(CREA),serum urea nitrogen(BUN),and the indexes of blood phosphorus(P)and calcium(Ca)were detected;the level of kidney injury molecule(KIM-1)was measured by ELISA kit;the renal pathological changes was observed by histopathology method;and transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze differential genes in female and male rats.The results showed that 3-MCPD did not significantly affect the growth of male rats,but high doses significantly reduced the weight and food intake of female rats.The high-dose group of 3-MCPD caused a significant decrease in RBC,HGB,and HCT levels in both male and female rats,resulting in a significant increase in KIM-1 and P,and a significant decrease in Ca,but only a significant increase in CREA and BUN in female rats.Histopathology showed that in the high-dose group of male rats,only mild renal tubular dilation,epithelial cell edema,and clear tubular type were observed in the kidneys,while in female rats,a large number of renal sacs,clear tubular type,and interstitial inflammatory cells with fibrosis were observed in the kidneys.Transcriptome sequencing showed 1 712 differentially expressed genes in the high-dose group of female rats and 1 153 differentially expressed genes in the high-dose group of male rats.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that both male and female rats in the high-dose group experienced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis,but 3-MCPD may also participate in the process of kidney damage in females by inhibiting autophagy and inducing iron death pathways.The above results indicate that high-dose 3-MCPD has a more significant nephrotoxic effect on fe-male rats.

Aim To investigate whether adipose differentiation-related proteins promote macrophage lipid accu-mulation by upregulating acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3(ACSL3)expression through PI3K/Akt.Methods The experiments were divided into 24 h group,different PLIN2 expression groups,HA-PLIN2+SC97 group and HA-PLIN2+LY294002 group.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of PLIN2,Akt,p-Akt and ACSL3 in cells,RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA level of PLIN2 in cells,and oil red O was used to observe the degree of lipid accumulation in cells.Results The protein expression levels of Akt,p-Akt and ACSL3 in macrophages overex-pressing PLIN2 were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and p-Akt nuclear translocation was increased,with fluorescence labeling of PLIN2 and Akt overlapping.After adding the PI3K/Akt agonist SC97 to macrophages overexpressing PLIN2,the expression level of ACSL3 significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the degree of intracellular lipid accumulation in-creased;After adding the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 to macrophages overexpressing PLIN2,the expression level of AC-SL3 significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the degree of intracellular lipid accumulation decreased.Conclusion PLIN2 upregulates ACSL3 expression through PI3K/Akt,thereby promoting macrophage lipid accumulation.

Objective:To explore how one-sided/two-sided brain blood flow affects the occurrence of neurological complications in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, as well as to assess the factors that contribute to the development of neurological complications.Methods:A total of 162 patients diagnosed with Stanford type A aortic dissection who had undergone ascending aorta and total aortic arch replacement at Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from August 2020 to December 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. These patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence of postoperative neurological complications: a group with neurological complications comprising 77 cases and a group without neurological complications comprising 85 cases. A comparative analysis was carried out on general clinical data, surgical and brain perfusion characteristics, as well as preoperative test indicators between these two groups in order to investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of postoperative neurological complications in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection. The data was analyzed using Logistic regression to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative neurological complications and to develop a predictive nomogram model. Calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve (DCA) were generated to assess the accuracy and predictive capability of the nomogram model.Results:In the group of patients who experienced neurological complications, there was a higher prevalence of a history of hypertension, longer operation time, extended periods of cardiopulmonary bypass, cross-clamping, brain perfusion, cooling, and rewarming, as well as increased postoperative drainage volume. Additionally, the levels of preoperative blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and lactic acid (Lac) were elevated compared to those in the non-neurological complications group: 77.9% (60/77) vs. 52.9% (45/85), (409.99 ± 104.26) min vs. (348.29 ± 63.12) min, (223.36 ± 66.86) min vs. (179.25 ± 38.59) min, 112 (94, 133) min vs. 96 (84, 113) min, (35.23 ± 9.89) min vs. (32.14 ± 6.81) min, (82.19 ± 28.69) min vs. (68.76 ± 29.06) min, (79.30 ± 22.60) min vs. (69.54 ± 16.42) min, 806 (529, 1 127) ml vs. 663 (449, 925) ml, 6.78 (5.38, 8.84) mmol/L vs. 6.08 (4.66, 7.76) mmol/L, 86.3 (64.0, 131.9) μmol/L vs. 71.0 (55.6, 84.9) μmol/L, 2.1(1.2, 4.0) mmol/L vs. 1.5 (0.9, 2.3) mmol/L. On the other hand, the percentage of patients who underwent bilateral brain perfusion was lower, and they experienced lower lowest temperature, preoperative platelet count, and ejection fraction levels than those in the non-neurological complications group: 57.1% (44/77) vs. 75.3% (64/85), (25.69 ± 1.04) ℃ vs. (26.04 ± 0.82) ℃, (175.79 ± 58.14) ×10 9/L vs. (213.87 ± 77.29) ×10 9/L, (54.18 ± 3.84)% vs. (55.34 ± 3.56)% ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that a prior history of high blood pressure, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration were identified as autonomous risk factors for the development of postoperative neurological issues in individuals with Stanford type A aortic dissection, while simultaneous brain perfusion emerged as an independent protective element ( P<0.05). Subsequently, a predictive nomogram was constructed incorporating these three pivotal factors to assess the likelihood of postoperative neurological complications in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection. The calibration curve exhibited a noteworthy level of accuracy for the nomogram predictive model ( χ2 = 9.01, P = 0.342). Additionally, the ROC curve analysis displayed an area under the curve of 0.84 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.90) for the nomogram model in predicting postoperative neurological complications in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, indicating a high predictive accuracy. Moreover, DCA analysis indicated that the nomogram model provided a net benefit above 0 across the spectrum of 0 to 90%. Conclusions:Postoperative neurological complications in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection is linked to factors such as a previous history of hypertension, unilateral brain perfusion, an extended cardiopulmonary bypass duration. By developing a nomogram model that incorporates these factors, it becomes feasible to accurately forecast the likelihood of postoperative neurological complications in this patient population. This predictive tool holds significant value in facilitating proactive clinical risk evaluation and preventive measures.

Pain modulation encompasses a complex neurobiological process, in which the lateral habenula (LHb) plays a crucial role in integrating, regulating and modulating pain signals. It is also involved in pain-related memory functions associated with perception, transmission and regulation of pain. Furthermore, the LHb collaborates with structures such as the spinal dorsal horn, forebrain, and amygdala to form an essential neural circuit that contributes to sensitization, development of tolerance, and adaptation processes related to pain. However, there remains limited understanding regarding the specific roles and interactions among different neuron subtypes within the LHb concerning pain regulation. Additionally, further investigation is warranted to explore functional changes and plasticity within both the LHb and its associated neural circuits in chronic pain models. Future research endeavors should utilize advanced neuroimaging techniques alongside optogenetics and gene editing technologies to elucidate intricate neural circuits, cellular architecture, and molecular mechanisms governing LHb function in pain regulation. In conclusion, this paper aims to comprehensively review existing literature on the involvement of the LHb and its neural circuits in modulating pain, thereby enhancing our understanding of their neurobiological mechanisms while providing novel targets for precise therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating pain.

Aim To investigate whether adipose differentiation-related proteins promote macrophage lipid accu-mulation by upregulating acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3(ACSL3)expression through PI3K/Akt.Methods The experiments were divided into 24 h group,different PLIN2 expression groups,HA-PLIN2+SC97 group and HA-PLIN2+LY294002 group.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of PLIN2,Akt,p-Akt and ACSL3 in cells,RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA level of PLIN2 in cells,and oil red O was used to observe the degree of lipid accumulation in cells.Results The protein expression levels of Akt,p-Akt and ACSL3 in macrophages overex-pressing PLIN2 were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and p-Akt nuclear translocation was increased,with fluorescence labeling of PLIN2 and Akt overlapping.After adding the PI3K/Akt agonist SC97 to macrophages overexpressing PLIN2,the expression level of ACSL3 significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the degree of intracellular lipid accumulation in-creased;After adding the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 to macrophages overexpressing PLIN2,the expression level of AC-SL3 significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the degree of intracellular lipid accumulation decreased.Conclusion PLIN2 upregulates ACSL3 expression through PI3K/Akt,thereby promoting macrophage lipid accumulation.