Objective To analyze the case data of farmers' foodborne disease surveillance reports in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024, and to provide reference for the precise prevention and control of foodborne diseases among farmers in Guizhou Province. Methods Case data of foodborne disease surveillance reports of farmers were systematically collected from 2022 to 2024 in Guizhou Province. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, geographical, and demographic distribution of foodborne diseases among farmers, along with their primary clinical symptoms and pathogen detection results. Results From 2022 to 2024, a total of 22,882 cases of foodborne diseases were reported among farmers in Guizhou Province. The majority of clinical symptoms (97.81%) were related to the digestive system, with summer being the peak season. While females outnumbered males, the gender difference was statistically insignificant (P >0.05). The 36-55 age group accounted for the highest proportion (38.83%), with Zunyi City (34.89%) and Qiandongnan Prefecture (23.21%) reporting the most cases. Fungal products were the most frequently reported suspected food items (26.96%), and home-made preparation was the primary processing method (58.63%). A total of 1 210 fecal samples were collected through active monitoring with an overall detection rate of 13.22%. Norovirus showed the highest detection rate (9.92%, 120/1 210). Statistically significant differences were observed among different seasons, age groups, regions, types and processing methods of suspected food exposure, and pathogen detection rates (P <0.001). Conclusion Foodborne disease prevention and control among farmers in Guizhou Province should focus on the risks of wild mushroom poisoning in summer and homemade foods, and continuously improve farmers' awareness of the dangers of foodborne diseases and food safety.

[Objective] To study the molecular biological mechanism for a case of ABO blood group B subtype, and perform three-dimensional modeling of the mutant enzyme. [Methods] The ABO phenotype was identified by the tube method and microcolumn gel method; the ABO gene of the proband was detected by sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP), and the exon 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were sequenced and analyzed. Homologous modeling of Bw.03 glycosyltransferase (GT) was carried out by Modeller and analyzed by PyMOL2.5.0 software. [Results] The weakening B antigen was detected in the proband sample by forward typing, and anti-B antibody was detected by reverse typing. PCR-SSP detection showed B, O gene, and the sequencing results showed c.721 C>T mutation in exon 7 of the B gene, resulting in p. Arg 241 Trp. Compared with the wild type, the structure of Bw.03GT was partially changed, and the intermolecular force analysis showed that the original three hydrogen bonds at 241 position disappeared. [Conclusion] Blood group molecular biology examination is helpful for the accurate identification of ambiguous blood group. Homologous modeling more intuitively shows the key site for the weakening of Bw.03 GT activity. The intermolecular force analysis can explain the root cause of enzyme activity weakening.

Objective: To analyze the epidemilogical and seasonal characteristics of foodborne Salmonella-associated diarrhea among children aged 0-6 years in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods: Data were extracted from the Foodborne Disease Survellance System for cases reported between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2023. The incidence, seasonal characteristics, and peak periods were analyzed by the method of concentration and circular distribution. Results: A total of 6 434 cases of diarrhea in children aged 0-6 years were collected, and 455 cases of Salmonella were detected, with a positive detection rate of 7.07%. Salmonella typhimurium was the main serotype causing diarrhea (59.34%). The peak of the disease was from May 3 to September 30, with certain seasonal characteristics. The highest detection rate was found in children aged 1-3 years (8.66%). Among food types, the positive detection rates of Salmonella were relatively high in other foods (17.39%), fruits and their products (10.22%), infant and toddler foods (10.09%), and aquatic animals and their products (9.80%). The processing and packaging methods of food were mainly home-made (9.38%) and bulk food (7.54%). Conclusions The detection rate of Salmonella in children aged 0-6 years is high in Guizhou Province, with strong seasonal characteristics. The detection rates of other foods, fruits and their products, infant and toddler foods, and aquatic animals and their products are high. Enhanced pathogen surveillance for susceptible populations and high-risk foods, coupled with public health education during summer/autumn, is recommended.

Objective:To explore the current status and latent profiles of home care needs among caregivers of post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) patients, providing evidence for precision nursing interventions.Methods:Caregivers of PSD patients hospitalized at Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine were selected as the study subjects through convenience sampling from December 2022 to December 2023. A cross-sectional survey was conducted through General Information Questionnaire for PSD Patients and Caregivers, Caregiver Competence Questionnaire for Dysphagia Patients, Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, and Home Care Needs Scale for Primary Caregivers of Stroke Patients. Latent categories of home care needs among PSD patients' caregivers were identified through latent profile analysis. Influencing factors of latent categories were explored based on univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression.Results:A total of 168 questionnaires were distributed, with 162 valid questionnaires recovered, yielding an effective response rate of 96.42%. Among the 162 patients, 82 were male and 80 were female, with an age of 78(68, 84) years.Among the 162 caregivers, 51 were male and 111 were female, with an age of 60(52, 68) years. The score of home care needs for primary caregivers was (89.89 ± 15.75) points. Based on the level of home care needs, caregivers were divided into four latent categories: skilled type-low demand, balanced type-medium demand, unfamiliar type-high demand, skilled type - high demand, accounting for 32.1%(52/162), 40.1%(65/162), 8.7%(14/162), and 19.1%(31/162), respectively. Whether the patient had pneumonia, caregiver gender, and caregiver education level were found as influencing factors for home care needs through multivariate Logistic regression analysis ( OR values were 0.10 to 13.88, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The home care needs of caregivers for PSD patients are at a moderate-to-high level and exhibit heterogeneity. Clinical nursing staff should implement targeted interventions to promote the recovery of PSD patients based on caregivers' categorical characteristics

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for postoperative surgical site infection(SSI)in the neurosur-gery department patients undergoing craniocerebral surgeries and establish Nomogram prediction model and verify it.METHODS A total of 1 265 patients who underwent craniocerebral surgeries in neurosurgery department of the First Hospital of Quanzhou City from Jan.2021 to Dec.2022 were recruited as the research subjects.The risk factors for the postoperative SSI were explored by logistic regression model.The Nomogram prediction model was established based on the independent risk factors that were screened by logistic regression analysis,and the model was verified.RESULTS Among 1 265 patients who underwent the craniocerebral surgeries,68 had SSI,with the infection rate of 5.38％.Diabetes mellitus,NNIS score no less than 2 points,NRS2002 score no less than 3 points,operation duration no less than 4.33 hours and drainage tube indwelling time more than 3 days were the independent risk factors for the postoperative SSI in the patients undergoing craniocerebral surgeries(P＜0.05).The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)of the established Nomogram pre-diction model was 0.842 in the training group,0.863 in the verification group.the calibration curves were drawn,the goodness of fit of the established Nomogram risk prediction model was assessed by means of Hosmer-Leme-show test;the predicted probability of SSI was highly consistent with the actual probability of infection,with the modeling group(P=0.851),the validation group(P=0.893).CONCLUSIONS The postoperative SSI in the neurosurgery department patients undergoing craniocerebral surgeries is closely associated with the diabe-tes mellitus,NNIS score no less than 2 points,NRS2002 score no less than 3 points,operation duration no less than 4.33 hours and drainage tube indwelling time more than 3 days.The established Nomogram prediction model has high prediction capability and can accurately assess the risk of SSI in the patients.

[Objective]To investigate the evolution process of the ancient Chinese term"fuju(?咀)"and to clarify the pruning processing methods of"fuju"in traditional Chinese medical formulas.[Methods]Through literature review,content analysis and comparative analysis,sorting out a large number of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy incunabula,dictionaries and agricultural books related to the term"fuju",analyzing the characteristics of formulas and medicinals,and comparing it with other works horizontally and vertically,a reasonable understanding of the development and operation methods of the term"fuju"is formed.[Results]The medical records from the Mawangdui Han Tombs mention the characters"父且",In Shuowen Jiezi,there was a character"咀"which was most similar to"?咀".The closest word to"?咀"was"哺咀".The methods of"?咀"were recorded in medical books such as Inner Canon of Huangdi,Treatise on Febrile Diseases,Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency,Inner Chapter of Baopuzi,Variorum of the Classic of Materia Medica,Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Pieces of Gold for Emergencies during the Han and Tang Dynasties.TAO Hongjing clearly defined the operation of"fuju"as fine cutting.In a large number of prescriptions from the Song Dynasty,"?咀"was recorded.Classified Emergency Materia Medica explained"?咀"as"Taste the flavor".The rhyme books Guangyun and Jiyun both had explanations for"?咀".In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,LI Gao and WANG Haogu believed that"?咀"transformed from"teeth-biting"to"knife-grinding",whose purpose was to make the liquid of the decoction clear,and it was mainly used for treating arthralgia syndrome and exterior syndrome.In the Qing Dynasty,Annotation on Shuowen Jiezi recorded that"?咀"was related to"哺咀",and Kangxi Dictionary recorded that the meaning of"?咀"included chewing,tasting the flavor,discussing and deliberating,etc.It was explained in pharmacological works as chewing or biting finely.[Conclusion]There is a lack of historical continuity from the use of"fuju(父且)"in the medical books of various Han dynasty tombs to the use of"fuju(?咀)"in the medical books passed down through generations.As for the"fuju"method of processing medicinal materials,in most cases recorded in ancient medical literature,the processing method adopted should not be chewing.The etymology and early usage of"fuju"are currently not clear enough and still require further exploration.

Objective To investigate the impact of smoking cessation on high-resolution compu-ted tomography(HRCT)phenotypes in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and its relationship with the frequency of acute exacerbations.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 237 smokers with COPD who could cooperate with a 1-year follow-up.Among them,160 patients underwent a comprehensive 1-year smoking cessation intervention,and were divided into smoking cessation failure group(87 patients)and smoking cessation success group(73 patients)based on whether they successfully quited smoking.The remaining 77 smokers with COPD who did not receive smoking cessation intervention were designated as smoking group.HRCT phenotypes,total lung volume(TLV),total emphysema volume(TEV),emphysema index(EI)and the number of acute exacerbation at different time points were compared among the three groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between smoking cessation and the number of acute exac-erbations.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of A phenotype patients among the three groups before intervention and at 3 and 6 months of intervention(P＞0.05).At the 9th and 12th months of intervention,the proportion of patients with A phenotype in the smoking group was lower than that in the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group(P＜0.05).Before the intervention and at the 3rd,6th and 9th months of interven-tion,there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients with E phenotype among the three groups(P＞0.05).Before intervention and at the 3rd and 6th months of interven-tion,there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients with M phenotype among the three groups(P＞0.05).At the 9th and 12th months of intervention,the proportion of patients with M phenotype in the smoking group was higher than that in the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group(P＜0.05).Before intervention,there were no statisti-cally significant differences in TLV,TEV and EI among the three groups(P＞0.05).One year af-ter the intervention,TLV,TEV and El in the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group were lower than those in the smoking group(P＜0.05).At the 3rd,6th,9th and 12th months of intervention,the number of acute exacerbations in the the smoking cessation failure group and smoking cessation success group was less than that in the smoking group(P＜0.05).At the 9th and 12th months of intervention,the number of acute exacerbation in the smoking cessation success group was less than that in the smoking cessation failure group(P＜0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that smoking cessation was negatively correlated with the number of acute exacerbation in smokers with COPD(P＜0.05),and this negative correlation gradually in-creased with the extension of smoking cessation duration.Conclusion Smoking cessation can im-prove HRCT phenotypes and effectively reduce the number of acute exacerbation in smokers with COPD.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine Injection combined with alteplase(rt-PA)in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion.Methods A total of 170 patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into control group(receiving intravenous rt-PA thrombolytic therapy)and observation group(receiving Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine In-jection in addition to the treatment in the control group),with 85 cases in each group.Serological in-dicators[neuron-specific enolase(NSE),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),homocysteine(Hcy),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)],cere-bral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery[end-diastolic velocity(EDV),peak systolic ve-locity(PSV),mean velocity(Vm)],neurological function[National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score],cognitive function[Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE)score],modi-fied Rankin Scale(mRS)score,and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the serum levels of NSE,Hcy,hs-CRP,MMP-9,and the NIHSS and mRS scores in both groups were lower than those before treatment,while the serum level of VEGF and the MMSE score were higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05).Moreover,the serum lev-els of NSE,Hcy,hs-CRP,MMP-9,and the NIHSS and mRS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the serum level of VEGF and the MMSE score were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).After treat-ment,the EDV,PSV and Vm in both groups were higher than those before treatment,and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differ-ences(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of com-plications between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine Injection combined with rt-PA can effectively improve the neurological and cognitive functions of a-cute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the impact of Wenyang lishui formula on ventricular remodeling in rats with pulmonary hypertension-induced right heart failure （RHF） based on the Hippo/Yes-associated protein （YAP） signaling pathway. METHODS Ten rats were randomly selected as the control group. The remaining 63 rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline to establish the pulmonary hypertension-induced RHF model. The 50 rats that successfully underwent the model establishment were randomly divided into the RHF group， low-dose group of Wenyang lishui formula （4.25 g/kg）， high-dose group of the Wenyang lishui formula （17.00 g/kg）， furosemide group （20 mg/kg）， and high-dose group of Wenyang lishui formula+ Hippo/YAP signaling pathway activator group （17.00 g/kg of Δ Wenyang lishui formula+16 mg/kg of PY-60）， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in each group were given the corresponding drug solution or normal saline by gavage or/andtail vein injection， once a day， for 4 consecutive weeks. During the experiment， the general conditions of the rats in each group were observed； after the last administration， the right ventricular diameter， right atrial diameter， end-diastolic volume， pulmonary artery blood flow acceleration time （PAAT） and its ratio to ejection time （ET） （PAAT/ET）， pulmonary artery pressure and its ratio to pulmonary arterial flow velocity （pulmonary artery pressure/velocity） were measured. The plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide and angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ） were detected. The pathological changes of the right ventricular tissue were observed， and the collagen volume fraction， the phosphorylation levels of the large tumor suppressor 1/2 （LATS1/2） and YAP， and the protein expression of the transcriptional coactivator of PDZ-binding motif （TAZ） were also detected. RESULTS Compared with the RHF group， the rats in Wenyang lishui formula low-dose and high-dose groups showed improved hair color， movement， diet， and mental state. The atrophy of right ventricular myocardial cells， the increase of inflammatory cells， collagen deposition， and hypertrophy of myocardial fibers were significantly alleviated. The right ventricular internal diameter， right atrial internal diameter， end-diastolic volume， pulmonary artery pressure， pulmonary artery pressure/velocity， the plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide and AngⅡ ， collagen volume fraction， the phosphorylation level of YAP and protein expression of TAZ were significantly decreased， while the PAAT， PAAT/ET and the phosphorylation level of LATS1/2 were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. PY-60 could significantly reverse the improvement effects of high-dose Wenyang lishui formula on the above quantitative indicators （P＜ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Wenyang lishui formula can restore the right heart function of pulmonary hypertension-induced RHF rats， reduce their pulmonary artery pressure， alleviate the pathological changes in their cardiac tissues， and the above effects may be related to the activation of Hippo expression and the inhibition of YAP phosphorylation.

Objective:To analyze the latent profile characteristics of self-management ability in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and explore its influencing factors.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 311 patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (including those receiving treatment and undergoing physical examinations) between August and October 2024. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the self-management Scale for Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and the Social Support Rating Scale. After excluding 51 patients due to incomplete questionnaire responses or logical inconsistencies, 260 patients were finally included in the analysis. Latent profile analysis was used to identify potential categories of patients′ self-management abilities. With the latent categories as the dependent variable and items with P<0.05 in univariate analysis as independent variables, a multivariate logistic regression analysis (with the "poor self-management group" as the reference group) was performed to explore the influencing factors. Results:Among the 260 participants included in the study, three potential categories of self-management behaviors were finally identified, namely the active self-management group with 106 cases (40.8%), the moderate self-management group with 118 cases (45.4%), and the passive self-management group with 36 cases (13.8%).Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the passive self-management group:Patients who resided in rural areas ( OR=0.130, 95% CI: 0.040-0.420), often stayed up late ( OR=0.200, 95% CI: 0.060-0.590), or had an average daily sleep duration of≤5 hours ( OR=0.160, 95% CI: 0.050-0.510) had a significantly lower probability of belonging to the "active self-management group";In contrast, patients with an education level of senior high school or above ( OR=7.530, 95% CI: 1.740-34.160) or a higher total score of social support ( OR=1.120, 95% CI: 1.030-1.210) had a significantly higher probability of being in the "active self-management group" (all P<0.05). Conclusion:There is heterogeneity in self-management ability among patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Residential area, educational level, frequency of staying up late, average daily sleep duration, and social support are influencing factors of patients′ self-management ability.