Objective: To assess the effect of 12-year-old children s pit and fissure sealants on the health of first permanent molars, so as to provide evidence for optimizing caries prevention strategies among children. Methods: In March 2025, a cluster random sampling method was used to conduct oral examinations on 965 students aged 12 from Chengdu s 2021 Comprehensive Intervention Program for Pediatric Oral Diseases. Data from the Comprehensive Intervention System for Children s Oral Diseases were referenced. Participants were divided into a sealed group ( n =755) and an unsealed group ( n =210) based on whether they had received sealants on their first permanent molars. Chi square test or analysis of variance were used to compare indicators such as caries incidence, new caries detection rate, and new caries mean (DMFT increment) between the two groups Results: The sealed group showed significantly lower caries incidence, new caries detection rate, and new caries mean (33.38%, 17.65%, 0.59±1.00) compared to the unsealed group (43.81%, 24.70%, 0.87±1.22)( χ 2/F =7.79, 18.26, 9.55, all P <0.05). However, no significant difference was found in the filled teeth ratio between the two groups (20.38% , 20.16%; χ 2=0.01, P =0.94). In girls, the sealed group exhibited significantly lower caries incidence, new caries detection rate, and new caries mean (36.78%, 20.99%, 0.69± 1.10 ) than the unsealed group (57.55%, 33.52%, 1.15±1.29) ( χ 2/F =14.42, 23.76, 10.92, all P <0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between boys in the sealed (30.47%, 14.85%, 0.50±0.89) and unsealed groups (29.81%, 16.18%, 0.59± 1.08) ( χ 2/F =0.02, 0.41, 0.74, all P >0.05). Boys had significantly lower new caries detection rates and new caries means than girls in both groups ( χ 2/F =16.20, 6.94; 29.93, 11.84, all P <0.05). In urban areas, the sealed group had lower new caries detection rates and new caries means (19.37%, 0.68±1.04) than the unsealed group (24.66%, 0.90±1.20) ( χ 2/F =6.86, 3.94, both P <0.05). In suburban areas, all indicators for the sealed group (24.71%, 13.77%, 0.42±0.87) were significantly lower than those for the unsealed group (38.81%, 24.77%, 0.82±1.28) ( χ 2/F =5.28, 15.36, 6.00, all P <0.05). Indicators from specialized dental institutions (11.25%, 4.81%, 0.16±0.56) were significantly lower than those from county level or above general hospitals (33.33%, 19.11%, 0.38±1.00) and primary healthcare institutions (37.59%, 19.24%, 0.67±1.05) ( χ 2/F =20.99, 34.31, 21.08 , all P <0.01). Conclusions The 12-year-old children s pit and fissure sealants effectively reduce the caries incidence in first permanent molars, particularly showing significant effectiveness in girls and suburban children. Intervention strategies should be optimized according to gender.

Abstract The prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents continues to rise with a trend toward earlier onset, presenting a phenomenon that cannot be fully explained by traditional risk factor frameworks. Circadian rhythm disruption, particularly the dual disturbance of dietary and sleep rhythms, has emerged as a novel risk factor and become a research hotspot. The review systematically summarizes the epidemiological associations, biological mechanisms, and intervention strategies regarding dietary rhythm, sleep rhythm, and their co exposure with blood pressure in children and adolescents. Future research needs to focus on Chinese pediatric populations through longitudinal cohort studies and randomized controlled trials to clarify causal relationships and regulatory mechanisms, thereby providing evidence based guidance for chronic disease prevention and control in children.

ObjectiveTo study the changing law of appearance color and physicochemical properties of Angelicae Sinensis Radix Carbonisata（ASRC） during the processing by color space method combined with statistical analysis， so as to provide reference for determining the processing endpoint and evaluating the quality of the decoction pieces. MethodsTaking processing time（4， 8， 12， 16 min） and temperature（180， 200， 220， 240 ℃） as factors， ASRC decoction pieces with different processing degrees were prepared in a completely randomized design. Then， the brightness value（L^*）， red-green value（a^*）， yellow-blue value（b^*）， and total chromaticity value （E^*ab） of the decoction pieces were determined by spectrophotometer， the color difference value（ΔE） was calculated， and the data of colorimetric values were analyzed by discriminant analysis. At the same time， the pH， charcoal adsorption， and contents of tannins， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural（5-HMF）， tryptophan， chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide H and ligustilide of ASRC with different processing degrees were determined by pH meter， ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）. Principal component analysis（PCA） was used to analyze the data of physicochemical indexes， after determining the processing technology of ASRC， the canonical discriminant function was established to distinguish the decoction pieces with different processing degrees， and leave-one-out cross validation was conducted. Finally， Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between various physicochemical indexes and chromaticity values. ResultsWith the prolongation of the processing time， L^*， a^*， b^* and E^*ab all showed a decreasing trend， and the established discriminant model based on color parameters was able to distinguish ASRC with different processing degrees. The pH showed an increasing trend with the prolongation of processing time， and the charcoal adsorption， and the contents of tannins， 5-HMF， and tryptophan all showed an increasing and then decreasing trend. Among them， the charcoal adsorption， contents of tannin and 5-HMF reached their maximum values successively after processing for 8-12 min. While the contents of chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide H and ligustilide decreased with the increase of processing time， with a decrease of 60%-80% at 8 min of processing. Therefore， the optimal processing time should be determined to be 8-12 min. PCA could clearly distinguish ASRC with different processing degrees， while temperature had no significant effect on the processing degree. The 12 batches of process validation results（10 min， 180-240 ℃） showed that except for 3 batches identified as class Ⅱ light charcoal， all other batches were identified as class Ⅲ standard charcoal， and the chromaticity values of each batch of ASRC were within the reference range of class Ⅱ-Ⅲ sample chromaticity values. The correlation analysis showed that the chromaticity values were negatively correlated with pH and charcoal adsorption， and positively correlated with contents of tryptophan， chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， senkyunolide I， senkyunolide H， and ligustilide. And both pH and charcoal adsorption were negatively correlated with the contents of the above components， but the charcoal adsorption was positively correlated with the content of 5-HMF. ConclusionThe chromaticity values and the contents of various physicochemical indicators of ASRC undergo significant changes with the prolongation of processing time， and there is a general correlation between chromaticity values and various physicochemical indicators. Based on the changes in color and physicochemical indicators， the optimal processing time for ASRC is determined to be 8-12 min. This study reveals the dynamic changes of the relevant indexes in the processing of ASRC， which can provide a reference for the discrimination of the processing degree and the quantitative study of the processing endpoint.

Objective To investigate the population density and seasonal fluctuations of Aedes albopictus in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, from 2021 to 2023, so as to provide insights into A. albopictus control and management of dengue fever. Methods The surveillance of A. albopictus density was performed in all surveillance sites assigned across all streets (townships) in Guangzhou City during the period from January to December from 2021 to 2023. The surveillance frequency was twice every half month from May to September, and once every month for the rest of a year. In each surveillance period, A. albopictus mosquito larvae were captured from indoor and outdoor small water containers in residential areas, parks, medical facilities, schools, other government sectors and social organizations, construction sites, special industries and others for mosquito species identification. Adult mosquitoes were captured using electric mosquito suction apparatus for species identification and gender classification. Adult mosquitoes and mosquito eggs were collected with mosquito and egg traps at the breeding and dwelling places of Aedes mosquitoes for identification. The mosquito oviposition index (MOI), Breteau index (BI), adult mosquito density index (ADI) and standard space index (SSI) were calculated. The A. albopictus density was classified into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3 in each surveillance site, with Grade 0 density defined eligible, and the eligible rate of A. albopictus density was calculated at all surveillance sites each year from 2021 to 2023. In addition, the changing trends in MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus were analyzed in Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023. Results The eligible rates of A. albopictus density were 61.69%, 68.75% and 55.15% in surveillance sites of Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023 (χ² = 297.712, P < 0.001), and appeared a tendency towards a reduction followed by a rise each year, which gradually reduced since January, maintained at a low level during the period between May and October, and gradually increased from November to December. The MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus all appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a reduction in Guangzhou City during the period between January and December from 2021 to 2023. The BI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (4.03), the first half of July in 2022 (3.89) and the last half of August in 2023 (5.02), and the SSI of A. albopictus peaked in the last half of June in 2021 (0.93), the last half of May in 2022 (0.59), and the last half of June (0.94) and the first half of September in 2023 (1.12). In addition, the MOI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of May in 2021 (8.64), the first half of June in 2022 (8.96), and the last half of May (10.21) and the last half of June in 2023 (10.89), and the ADI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (3.41), the last half of June in 2022 (4.06), and the first half of July in 2023 (3.61). Conclusions The density of A. albopictus is high in Guangzhou City during the period from May to October, and the risk of local outbreak caused by imported dengue fever is high. Persistent intensified surveillance of the density and seasonal fluctuation of A. albopictus is recommended and timely mosquito prevention and control is required according to the fluctuation in the A. albopictus density.

Background: Psoralea corylifolia L. (Buguzhi, BGZ), known for its efficacy in supporting pregnancy and preventing miscarriage, has been used in China for over 1000 years. Recently, BGZ has been identified as a potential cause of drug-induced liver injury. However, its safety during pregnancy remains unclear, which significantly hinders its routine clinical application. Objective: To investigate the effects of BGZ administration during pregnancy on the liver of mouse mothers and their weaned 21-day-old offspring. Methods: Mice were orally administered BGZ at doses of 2.5 and 10 g/kg during pregnancy, with BGZ withdrawal during the lactation period. Liver histopathology (hematoxylin-eosin staining), biochemical analysis, and evaluation of liver bile acid metabolism were performed after the lactation period. Results: BGZ administration at doses of 2.5 and 10 g/kg during pregnancy, followed by withdrawal during the lactation period, caused mild liver damage in both mothers and their 21-day-old offspring. Serum total bile acid (TBA) levels were elevated compared with those in the control group. Additionally, changes were observed in the levels and proportions of various bile acids (BAs) in the liver, suggesting mild effects on BA metabolism. Conclusion: BGZ administration during pregnancy caused mild liver damage and increased serum TBA levels in both mouse mothers and their 21-day-old offspring. This phenomenon may be associated with imbalanced BA metabolism in the liver. Based on the present study and the limited toxicological research on BGZ, pregnant women should avoid prolonged use of BGZ. If BGZ is administered during pregnancy, serum TBA levels should be monitored, and if elevated, BGZ should be discontinued.

This study established a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprint of Chuanxiong Rhizoma from different producing areas and screened its potential differential components for producing areas by chemometrics. Furthermore, the content of the above differential components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma from different producing areas was measured and compared. Then, the geoherbalism markers(geo-markers) that can be used to distinguish Dao-di and non-Dao-di Chuanxiong Rhizoma were excavated by chemometrics. In fingerprint studies, a total of 27 common peaks were determined, and the fingerprint similarity for 37 batches of Chuanxiong Rhizoma samples from different producing areas was above 0.968. The orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) was capable of distinguishing Chuanxiong Rhizoma from Sichuan and from three other provinces, as well as Dao-di Chuanxiong Rhizoma(from Dujiangyan) and non-Dao-di Chuanxiong Rhizoma(from other producing areas) in Sichuan province. Meanwhile, 14 potential differential components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma from different provinces and 16 potential differential components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma from different producing areas in Sichuan were screened by the variable importance in projection(VIP) analysis under OPLS-DA. The reference standards were used to identify 10 potential differential components in the common peaks, and subsequent content determination verified that the content of the above 10 potential differential components was different among different producing areas. Then, the OPLS-DA and VIP analysis were performed with the content of the 10 potential differential components as variables. The results showed that Z-ligustilide, chlorogenic acid, and the ratio of butylidenephthalide/senkyunolide A were the geo-markers that can distinguish Chuanxiong Rhizoma from Sichuan and Chuanxiong Rhizoma from Shaanxi, Hebei, and Jiangxi, while Z-ligustilide, n-butylphthalide, and the ratios of Z-ligustilide/senkyunolide A and butylidenephthalide/senkyunolide A were the geo-markers that can distinguish Dao-di Chuanxiong Rhizoma(from Dujiangyan) and non-Dao-di Chuanxiong Rhizoma(from other producing areas) in Sichuan province. This study elucidated the differences in material basis of Dao-di and non-Dao-di Chuanxiong Rhizoma based on fingerprinting and content determination combined with chemometrics, which provides a reference for the study of material basis of Dao-di traditional Chinese medicine.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Chemometrics/methods* ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVE To establish a preparation system for megakaryocytes(MKs)derived from human embryonic stem cells(hESCs)and MK microparticles(MKMPs),and to assess the pro-angio-genic efficiency of these microparticles.METHODS ①hESCs were induced to mesodermal progenitor cells via monolayer culture with the first-stage induction medium for 2 days before the cells were induced to hemogenic endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor cells by culturing with the second-stage induction medium for another 3 days.Then,the cells were dissociated into single cells,seeded into the third-stage induction medium,and cultured using the suspension method for 8 days to obtain MKs.The specific characters of differentiated cells were identified through morphological observation and flow cytometry before stage-specific marker proteins in different periods were analyzed[hESCs:TRA-1-60,sialyl glycolipid stage-specific embryonic antigen4(SSEA4)];mesodermal progenitor cells:brachyury;hemogenic endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor cells:CD34,CD43;MKs:CD41a,CD42b),and immu-nofluorescence staining[β1-tubulin,von Willebrand factor(VWF)],[friend leukemia integration 1(FLI1),CD42].② MKMP collection and verification:MKMPs were collected via differential centrifugation.The concentration and size of these MKMPs were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA),and both the morphology and ultrastructure were examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Besides,the MKMPs-specific proteins[CD41,tumor susceptibility gene 101(TSG101)and CD9]were detected by Western blotting analysis.③ Biological function of MKMPs:MKMPs were stained with CD41a-PE antibodies and co-cultured with human umbilical veinvascular endothelial cells(HUVECs)labeled by CD34-APC for 3 h.Live-cell immunofluorescence was employed to find out whether HUVECs could absorb MKMPs.To find out whether MKMPs could affect the role of HUVECs in angio-genesis and cell migration,platelet microvesicles(PMPs)were used as positive controls.The experi-mental groups were added with different concentrations of microparticles(1,5,10 and 20 mg·L-1)while the control group was given no microparticles(0 mg·L-1).The number of nodes that formed the lumen after 5 h of incubation in Matrigel was counted,and the size of healing of the scratch area was analyzed after 6 h.To elucidate the mechanism through which MKMPs impacted angiogenesis,ELISA was used out to quantitatively detect the concentration of proteins in microparticles.RESULTS ① A three-stage differentiation cultural system was established to develop hESCs into MKs.Flow cytometry revealed progressive loss of pluripotency markers SSEA4 and TRA-1-60,while the mesodermal progenitor marker brachyury peaked at d 2.Subsequently,hemogenic endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor markers CD34 and CD43 emerged at d 5,followed by megakaryocytic markers CD41a and CD42b at d 13.Immunofluorescent images further demonstrated that MKs expressed specific proteins CD42,β1-tubulin,von VWF and FLI1 at d 13.②Microparticles were collected via differential centrifuga-tion.Transmission electron microscopy revealed that their substructure exhibited a typical double-layered membrane.Nanoparticle tracking analysis indicated that the size was(164.3±14.0)nm.The result of WB demonstrated that the microparticles expressed specific markers,including TSG101,CD9 and CD41.③ MKMPs were absorbed after being co-cultured with HUVECs for 3 h and enhanced the ability of HUVECs to form tubes and migrate.Notably,the treatment of 5 mg·L-1 MKMPs was more effective than 5 mg·L-1 PMPs treatment.The results of ELISA showed that the content of VEGF from MKMPs was higher than from PMPs,which may be the key factor in regulating endothelial biological function.CONCLUSION MKs derived from hESCs can generate functional microparticles which can promote angiogenesis.

Objective To analyze the outcome of modified laparoscopic uterosacral fixation in the treatment of anterior and middle pelvic organ prolapse.Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with anterior and middle pelvic organ prolapse undergoing modified laparoscopic uterosacral fixation in our hospital from September 2020 to July 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.The perioperative related indicators and complications of patients during follow-up were observed.The pelvic organ prolapse quantification(POP-Q)scores,pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20(PFDI-20)scores,pelvic floor impact questionnaire-short form 7(PFIQ-7)scores,and patient global impression of improvement(PGI-I)scores of patients before and after operation were compared.Results The operations of all patients were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery or serious complications.The average operation time was(170.8±21.5)minutes,the average intraoperative blood loss was(29.3±20.2)mL,the average postoperative exhaust time was(1.7±0.7)days,the average postoperative retaining urinal catheter time was(2.3±0.6)days,and the average postoperative hospitalization time was(4.2±0.8)days.Except for the total vaginal length,other indicators of POP-Q of patients 3 and 6 months after operation were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P<0.05).The PFDI-20 score and PFIQ-7 score of patients 6 months after operation were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P<0.05).The objective cure rate of patients was 100%;the results of PGI-I questionnaire showed that the subjective success rate of patients was 100%.Conclusion Modified laparoscopic uterosacral fixation is an effective operation for the treatment of anterior and middle pelvic organ prolapse,which has the advantages of good anatomical recovery,high satisfaction,and few postoperative complications,with a definite short-term curative effect.

The rise of nanomedicine has opened up new avenues for drug delivery and tumor treatment.Nanocarriers,in particular,have become core tools in the field of drug delivery.Anti-cancer peptides(ACPs)can achieve anti-tumor effects by inducing tumor cell apoptosis,inhibiting angiogenesis,and regulating the immune microenvironment.Their low toxic side effects and drug resistance make them im-portant in the field of cancer treatment.However,ACPs face limitations such as poor stability,short in vivo half-life,and low targeted delivery efficiency,which seriously limit their therapeutic effects and fur-ther development.Nanocarriers provide an efficient,flexible and precise solution for the delivery of ACPs due to their advantages of increasing drug solubility,changing drug distribution in the body and improving drug targeting.This review systematically summarizes the structural characteristics and biological proper-ties of four types of nanocarriers,including liposome nanocarriers,polymer nanocarriers,inorganic nano-carriers,and self-assembled peptides,and focuses on analyzing the application examples of nanocarriers in enhancing the stability of ACPs,improving targeted delivery efficiency,improving bioavailability,and overcoming drug-resistant tumor treatment.We also summarize in detail the structural pros and cons of these four carriers.Finally,we look forward to the development direction of research on the combination of nanocarriers and ACPs,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of ACPs.

Central nervous system(CNS)degenerative disorders refer to a spectrum of pathological alterations triggered by struc-tural damage to cerebral neural tissues,clinically manifested as diverse neurological dysfunction syndromes,including multiple sclerosis(MS),neurodegenerative diseases(NDs),and ische-mic stroke.The hallmark pathological features of these disorders involve irreversible neuronal damage and decompensation of functional neural networks,ultimately leading to progressive neurological deficits.Notably,with the accelerating global popu-lation aging,the incidence of these diseases has surged signifi-cantly.According to WHO statistics,they now rank among the top three global causes of disability and mortality.Current re-search has confirmed that the pathogenesis of CNS degenerative disorders exhibits high heterogeneity,encompassing multifaceted pathophysiological processes such as genetic predisposition,oxi-dative stress,protein misfolding,and metabolic dysregulation.This intricate pathogenic network not only complicates clinical differential diagnosis but also poses substantial challenges to the development of precision therapeutic strategies.Importantly,re-cent studies have revealed that mitochondrial homeostasis disrup-tion-induced inflammatory cascades(termed mitochondrial in-flammation)play a pivotal regulatory role in neurodegenerative progression.Key molecular mechanisms include impaired mito-phagy,aberrant mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)release and NL-RP3 inflammasome activation.This review systematically deci-phers the molecular regulatory network of mitochondrial inflam-mation,with a focus on its biological effects in critical pathologi-cal events such as blood-brain barrier disruption,microglial hy-peractivation and neuronal apoptosis.The overarching aim is to provide a theoretical foundation for developing innovative thera-peutic strategies targeting mitochondrial homeostasis restoration.