Objective:To analyze the reoperation rate and causes during the early adoption phase of unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE).Methods:The clinical data of 180 patients who underwent UBE performed by a single surgeon at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and imaging data of patients who underwent reoperation were collected to analyze the causes of reoperation, and the clinical efficacy of the reoperations was also followed up. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used before and after treatment. Results:A total of 180 patients who underwent UBE were included in this study, of which 6 patients underwent reoperation, and the reoperation rate was 3.33%. Among them, 3 cases occurred in the first 90 surgeries and the other 3 occurred in the subsequent 90 surgeries. The causes of reoperation were as follows: recurrent lumbar disc herniation at the same segment postoperatively in 2 cases, insufficient decompression in 2 cases, disc herniation following isolated decompression in 1 case, and immediate postoperative perianal numbness in 1 case. The time between the initial surgery and reoperation ranged from 0 to 187 days, with an average of 63.3 days. The average follow-up time after reoperation was 18.3 months. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores of the patients at the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with those before operation (VAS score of low back pain: 5.2 ± 1.7 before operation, 1.2 ± 0.8 at the last follow-up, P<0.001; VAS score of leg pain: 7.2 ± 1.5 before operation, 1.2 ± 1.2 at the last follow-up, P<0.001; ODI score: 67.3 ± 5.7 before operation, 20.2 ± 8.2 at the last follow-up, P<0.001). The postoperative modified MacNab scores were generally satisfactory (4 cases were rated as excellent, accounting for 66.7%; 2 cases were rated as good, accounting for 33.3%). Except for one patient who experienced dural injury during open revision surgery, there were no serious complications such as nerve damage. Conclusions:In the early stages of UBE surgery, recurrent lumbar disc herniation and inadequate decompression are the primary reasons for reoperation, typically occurring within the first three months postoperatively. Reoperation does not significantly increase the risk of nerve injury. Enhanced early postoperative follow-up is recommended. For symptomatic patients, a second surgery with thorough decompression can yield satisfactory treatment outcomes.

Objective Our previous studies established that microRNA (miR)-451 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUC-MSC-Exos) alleviates acute lung injury (ALI). This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos reduces ALI by modulating macrophage autophagy. Methods Exosomes were isolated from hUC-MSCs. Severe burn-induced ALI rat models were treated with hUC-MSC-Exos carrying the miR-451 inhibitor. Hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated inflammatory injury. Enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay measured lipopolysaccharide (LPS),tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β levels. qRT-PCR detected miR-451 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) expressions. The regulatory role of miR-451 on TSC1 was determined using a dual-luciferase reporter system. Western blotting determined TSC1 and proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and autophagy. Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to examine exosomes phagocytosis in alveolar macrophages and autophagy level. Results hUC-MSC-Exos with miR-451 inhibitor reduced burn-induced ALI and promoted macrophage autophagy. MiR-451 could be transferred from hUC-MSCs to alveolar macrophages via exosomes and directly targeted TSC1. Inhibiting miR-451 in hUC-MSC-Exos elevated TSC1 expression and inactivated the mTOR pathway in alveolar macrophages. Silencing TSC1 activated mTOR signaling and inhibited autophagy,while TSC1 knockdown reversed the autophagy from the miR-451 inhibitor-induced. Conclusion miR-451 from hUC-MSC exosomes improves ALI by suppressing alveolar macrophage autophagy through modulation of the TSC1/mTOR pathway,providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the number of lymph nodes obtained by unilateral lobectomy and isthmus combined with prophylactic ipsilateral central lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid cancer,and to analyze the pattern of change so as to provide an important basis for clinical treatment of papillary thyroid cancer.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and pathological data of 193 patients admitted to the department of Thyroid Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from January 2019 to January 2022 for papillary thyroid cancer who underwent unilateral glandular lobe and isthmus resec-tion combined with prophylactic ipsilateral central lymph node dissection.The number of obtained lymph nodes was divided into a group with high number of obtained lymph nodes(n>6)and a group with low number of obtained lymph nodes(n≤6).Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to explore the factors affecting the num-ber of obtained lymph nodes.The influence of the number of lymph nodes on the central lymph node metastasis was evaluated by correlation analysis,and the influence of the number of lymph nodes on the quality of life of patients by postoperative complications analysis.Results The number of lymph nodes obtained was positively correlated with the number of lymph node metastases in the central region(r = 0.240,P<0.05)and the rate of lymph node metastasis(r = 0.161,P<0.05),respectively.The number of lymph node metastases controlled remained unchanged,and the rate of lymph node metastasis decreased with the increase of the number of obtained lymph nodes(r =-0.444,P<0.05).Univariate analysis of the number of lymph nodes between the two groups showed no significant differences in terms of sex,age,operation duration,BMI,maximum tumor diameter,multifocality,Hashimoto's thyroiditis,focal location,capsular invasion,contralateral thyroid nodule,parathyroid transplantation and BRAF gene V600E mutation(P>0.05).There was statistical significance in the application of nano carbon between the two groups(P<0.05).Logistic binary regression analysis showed that the combination of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the application of carbon nanoparticles were independent influencing factors for the high number of lymph nodes obtained(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis suggested that the area under the curve occupied by carbon nanoscale was 0.658(95%CI:0.580～0.735,P<0.05),and the area under the curve occupied by Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 0.584(95%CI:0.504～0.665,P<0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in the incidence of vocal cord paralysis and lymphatic leakage between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions When the number of lymph nodes in the cen-tral region remained unchanged,the higher the number of lymph nodes obtained,the lower the rate of lymph node metastasis.The application of nano-carbon and patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis could increase the number of lymph nodes obtained,and there is no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between high and low number of lymph nodes obtained.

The authors systematically reviewed the progress of health human resources development, personnel management system and conceptual changes from 2011 to 2020 in China, and analyzed the status quo in this regard. The past 10 years have witnessed rapid progress of health human resources, namely better personnel management system and constant innovation in human development concepts. As required by the strategy of empowering the country with talents in the new era, as well as the overall promotion for the Healthy China initiative and the high-quality development of the health industry, higher requirements have been put forward for the quantity and quality, structural distribution and management innovation of health human resources. Therefore it is necessary to further expand the coverage of talents work and innovate talents policy, thus keeping the upgrade of the capability and competence of health talents.

Health manpower is key to the functioning of the health system. There exists a general need to strengthen health human resources in countries at large as they achieve universal health coverage. Through the systematic collection and sorting out of the declarations, initiatives, guidelines in the world and topics at the World Health Assemblies on health manpower-related issues since 2000, this paper summarized and analyzed the key issues and trends on health manpower planning, education and training, international migration, and compensation management, in order to provide reference for China′s health manpower management and practice.

Breast cancer is a systemic malignant tumor caused by multiple pathogenic factors， and its pathological mechanism is complex and has not been clarified so far. It has gradually become the largest killer threatening women's life. The common method for the treatment of breast cancer is lesion resection combined with radiation and chemical therapy， endocrine therapy， or targeted therapy. However， due to the limitations of western medicine therapies， there are still considerable breast cancer patients with poor disease control and high tumor recurrence rate in clinical practice. At the same time， the side effects and complications produced by these therapies affect the quality of life of patients. Therefore， it is urgent to develop new drugs or find safe and effective alternative therapies against breast cancer. Volatile oil （VO）， as a unique volatile component of Chinese herbal medicines， has anti-inflammatory， antiviral， and anti-tumor activities. It has been applied in the treatment of breast cancer and has demonstrated good efficacy by exerting the unique effects of strengthening healthy Qi， eliminating pathogenic factors， moving Qi， resolving stasis， warming Yang， soothing liver， and relieving depression. The recent studies have confirmed that VO and its chemical components can prevent and treat breast cancer via multiple mechanisms， while there is a lack of systematic review. The relevant literature published in recent years has demonstrated that VO can inhibit the occurrence and development of breast cancer by regulating the level of estrogen， inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells， enhancing immunity， resisting inflammation， and regulating emotions. We introduced the pathogenesis of breast cancer， as well as the mechanisms and advantages of VO in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer， aiming to provide new ideas for the research on VO in the treatment of breast cancer.

To analyzed a case of pediatric patient with propionic acidemia combined with dilated cardiomyopathy retrospectively, who underwent living donor liver transplantation at the Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University in March 2019.A 2 years and 6 months female child was admitted to hospital for propionic acidemia.The pretransplant echocardiogram showed left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction, and thus dilated cardiomyopathy was considered.A living donor liver transplant was performed using her mother′s left latera-llobe.On the 14 months postoperatively, the child was on a liberated protein diet, but still required levocarnitine supplementation.Her hepatic and cardiac function returned normal, but growth retardation was still present.During the follow-up period, further propionic acidemia-related complications like metabolic decompensation, or any transplant-related complications were not reported.This case report suggested that liver transplantation is effective on pediatric propionic acidemia combined with cardiomyopathy, which reverses cardiomyopathy, improves cardiac function, relieves strict protein restriction, reduces the risk of metabolic decompensation, and significantly improves quality of life.

This article introduces the health management service specification for a chronic patient population. The concept of this specification comes from the whole process of people-centered and integrated health management of the chronic patient population. It is also based on the World Health Organization′s integrated chronic patient population management model. The completion of the specification has gone through several rounds of expert discussion in related fields in China. The contents include seven key links: suspect selection, clinical diagnosis, health assessment, intervention plan development, intervention plan implementation, follow-up, and health reassessment. It also includes establishing a professional team and developing a support system and mechanism of financing, compensation, and incentives. The specification aims at integrating regional health resources through standardizing service technology and scientific management concepts. It would help to improve the efficiency and quality of health management of chronic patient population in China, thereby reducing the economic burden of chronic diseases for patients and their families, and achieving the goal of improving residents′ health.

Objective:To understand the etiological characteristics of the patients with fever of unknown origin in Guizhou province through the isolation and identification of Leptospira interrogans and provide evidence for the control, prevention and treatment of human leptospirosis. Methods:Blood and urine samples were collected from patients with fever symptoms in Qiandongnan, an epidemic area, in Guizhou. The suspected Leptospira strains were primarily identified using pathogenic Leptospira specific G1/G2-PCR, and subsequently identified by using Leptospira serogroups specific PCR. The Leptospira strains were then genotyped with multiple locus sequence typing. MLST data based cluster analysis on the isolates and Leptospira reference strains of common serogroups were analyzed by using software NTsys 2.10e. Results:Three suspected strains of Leptospira were isolated from human blood samples, the isolation rate was 8.６%, which were designated as strain 17BX002, 17BX003 and 17AJX008. Strain 17BX002 was further identified as serogroup grippotyphosa by using Leptospira serogroup specific PCR, while the other two strains were negative (excluded as iterohaemorrhagiae, sejroe, canicola, autumnalis, grippotyphosa and hebdomadis). MLST genotyping showed that strain 17BX002 was typed as ST106, most closely clustered with Leptospira grippotyphosa, while strain 17BX003 and 17AJX008 were typed as ST96, the same as serogroup badaviae. Conclusion:There are leptospirosis cases in epidemic area of Guizhou in high incidence season, grippotyphosa and bataviae are the newly discovered serogroups of Leptospira in Guizhou.

Objective: To establish the isolation and culture methods of skeletal muscle stem cells, derived from human orbicularis oculi muscle (OOMSCs), and to identify their multi-directional differentiation potential in vitro. Methods: The cellswere isolated from pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM), obtained in routine blepharoplasty surgery.The tissue was digested using collagenase type I combined with re-plating methods. Specific cell surface antigen markers were detected using flow cytometry analysis. OOMSCs were cultured under different inductive conditions, to identify their pluripotent differentiation ability. Results: OOMSCs exhibited similar fibroblast-like morphology as mesenchymal stem cells with high expression of skeletal muscle-derived stem cell surface markers. OOMSCs were able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro, in the presence of lineage-specific inductive media. Moreover, after myogenic induction, the differentiated cells were fused into multinucleated myotube-like structure, and positive for myogenic-related marks, Pax3, Pax7, Myf5 and MyoD. Conclusions Muscle-derived stem cells can be isolated from human OOM with myogenic differentiation properties, showing further applications potential intissue regeneration and medical therapies of muscle diseases.