The coinfection of respiratory viruses and bacteria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the development of vaccines and powerful antibiotics. As a macromolecule that is difficult to absorb in the gastrointestinal tract, a homogeneous polysaccharide from Houttuynia cordata (HCPM) has been reported to exhibit anti-complement properties and alleviate influenza A virus (H1N1)-induced lung injury; however, the effects of HCPM without in vitro antiviral and antibacterial activities on more complicated pulmonary diseases resulting from viral-bacterial coinfection remains unclear. This study established a representative coinfection murine pneumonia model infected with H1N1 (0.2 LD₅₀) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, 10⁷ CFU). HCPM significantly improved survival rate and weight loss, and ameliorated gut-lung damage and inflammatory cytokine production. Interestingly, the therapeutic effect of HCPM on intestinal damage preceded that in the lungs. Mechanistically, HCPM inhibited the overactivation of the intestinal complement (C3a and C5a) and suppressed the activation of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway, which contributes to the regulation of the Treg/Th17 cell balance in the gut-lung axis. The results indicate the beneficial effects of an anti-complement polysaccharide against viral-bacterial coinfection pneumonia by modulating crosstalk between multiple immune regulatory networks.

Ischemic stroke(IS)is a disease caused by insufficient blood and oxygen supply to cerebral vessels,with the main clinical manifestations of hemiplegia,sensory disturbance,aphasia,and ataxia.Studies have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α),as the core regulatory element of oxygen homeostasis,can be rapidly activated under hypoxia/ischemia conditions,thereby playing an important role in the pathophysiology of IS.In recent years,more and more articles have shown that the active components of tradi-tional Chinese medicine,Chinese patent drugs,and compound traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions can effectively regulate the HIF-1α-related signaling pathway in the treatment of IS,but there is no systematic summary on regulation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway in the treatment of IS.Therefore,this article mainly summarizes the structure and physiological activity of HIF-1α and its mechanisms of action in IS and reviews related studies on Chinese medicine monomers and compound prescriptions in the treatment of IS in the past five years in China and globally.It is pointed out that the Chinese medicine monomers and compound prescriptions can repair brain tissue,alleviate brain tissue damage,and exert a therapeutic effect on IS by regulating the HIF-1α pathway to promote an-giogenesis,inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,promote energy metabolism,and repair blood-brain barrier damage.

OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for the separation of enantiomers of farrerol, and apply it to the determination of the content of enantiomers in Rhododendri Daurici Folium and Rhododendron Micranthum. METHODS HPLC was used to separate the farrerol enantiomers, and the chromatographic conditions of chiral column type, mobile phase ratio, flow rate, and column temperature were optimized. The thermodynamic separation of farrerol enantiomers was discussed. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change, entropy change, enthalpy change and entropy change were calculated. And the contents of two enantiomers in Rhododendri Daurici Folium and Rhododendron Micranthum were determined under the optimum resolution conditions. RESULTS The optimum separation conditions for two enantiomers of farrerol were determined as follows: Chiralcel OJ-RH(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm), equilibrium elution of acetonitrile-water(40∶60), the flow rate of 0.5 mL·min–1, the column temperature of 25 ℃, and the detection wavelength of 295 nm. Under the optimum separation conditions, the resolution of farrerol enantiomers reached 1.5, indicating that the two enantiomers of the farrerol could be completely separated. When the column temperature was between 20 ℃ and 35 ℃, the separation factor decreased with the increase of temperature. The lnα of the two enantiomers of farrerol showed a good linear relationship with 1/T, and the chiral reselution process was controlled by enthalpy. The enantiomer separation method of farrerol was applied to the determination of farrerol enantiomer in Chinese medicinal materials of Rhododendri Daurici Folium and Rhododendron Micranthum. The linear relationship between the two enantiomers of farrerol were good in the range of 0.718–57.44 μg·mL–1 and 1.28–102.24 μg·mL–1, respectively. And the contents of the two enantiomers of farrerol in Rhododendri Daurici Folium were 0.228 2 and 0.466 2 mg·g–1, respectively. And the contents of the two enantiomers of farrerol in Rhododendron Micranthum were 0.416 8 and 0.707 3 mg·g–1, respectively. CONCLUSION This method is simple, efficient and suitable for the determination of farrerol enantiomers in traditional Chinese medicine.

Abstract: Objective ， To explore the effects of lead exposure on copper level copper transporter protein expression and Methods oxidative stress in mouse cerebral cortex. The specific pathogen free adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly ， - - - divided into control group low lead exposure group and high lead exposure group with 10 mice in each group. The mice in low - ， and high lead exposure groups were respectively given 250 and 500 mg/L lead acetate in drinking water every day and the mice - ， in the control group were given double distilled water for 12 weeks. Twenty four hours after exposure Morris water maze and ， elevated cross maze were used to test the neurobehavioral function of mice. The cerebral cortex of mice was isolated and the levels of lead and copper were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The activities of glutathione （ - ）， （ ） （ ） peroxidase GSH Px catalase CAT and malondialdehyde MDA were detected by histochemical method. The relative （ ） ， ， expression levels of copper transporter such as synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase SCO 1 SCO 2 and cytochrome C oxidase （ ） Results - - assembly protein 11 COX11 were detected by western blot. The escape latencies of mice in the low and high lead （ P ）， ， - exposure groups were prolonged all <0.05 while the number of crossing the platform the percentage of open arm entry - （ P ） times and the percentage of open arm retention time decreased all <0.05 compared with the control group. Mice in both the - - （ P ）， - low and high lead exposure groups increased levels of lead and copper in the cerebral cortex all <0.05 decreased GSH Px （ P ）， （ P ） and CAT activity all <0.05 and increased SCO1 relative expression all <0.05 compared with the control group. Mice in - （P ）， - the high lead exposure group showed prolonged escape latency <0.05 reduced GSH Px and CAT activities in the cerebral （ P ）， （ P ） - cortex all <0.05 increased MDA level and relative expression of SCO1 and SCO2 all <0.05 compared to mice in the low Conclusion - lead exposure group. Lead exposure increased the expression of copper and copper transport related proteins in mouse cerebral cortex and induced oxidative stress leading to central nervous system damage resulting in neurobehavioral abnormalities in mice.

We report the intrauterine treatment of a case of fetal persistent supraventricular tachycardia complicated by heart failure. The ultrasound findings at 32 +1 weeks of gestation showed fetal tachycardia of 242 beats/min, fetal generalized edema, ascites, and visible pulsation spectrum in the intra-abdominal segment of the umbilical vein. Fetal cardiac arrhythmia persisted after maternal oral digoxin for 46 hours. In view of the continuous deterioration of the fetal condition with the persistent umbilical vein pulsation spectrum and worsening edema, fetal intramuscular injection of cedilanid under ultrasound guidance was performed, resulting in successful cardioversion. The pregnant woman gave birth to a baby girl by cesarean section due to premature rupture of membranes and oligohydramnios at 34 +6 weeks of gestation, with normal functions of heart and other organs. During a follow-up to 8 months, no obvious abnormalities were found.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between fetal nuchal fold (NF) thickening and fetal chromosomal abnormality. METHODS: In total 919 pregnant women undergoing ultrasound examination were selected for interventional prenatal diagnosis in order to detect fetal chromosomal abnormality. RESULTS: The detection rate of chromosomal abnormality has significantly increased with NF thickness, advanced maternal age, presence of other ultrasound abnormalities (P<0.05). Trisomy 21 was the most common abnormality, and there was a prepondance for male fetuses. CONCLUSION Increased NF thickness is strongly associated with the risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, advanced maternal age and presence of additional ultrasound abnormalities.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Maternal Age ; Nuchal Translucency Measurement ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Objective: To explore the correlation between fetal nuchal fold (NF) thickening and fetal chromosomal abnormality. Methods: In total 919 pregnant women undergoing ultrasound examination were selected for interventional prenatal diagnosis in order to detect fetal chromosomal abnormality. Results: The detection rate of chromosomal abnormality has significantly increased with NF thickness, advanced maternal age, presence of other ultrasound abnormalities (P<0.05). Trisomy 21 was the most common abnormality, and there was a prepondance for male fetuses. Conclusion Increased NF thickness is strongly associated with the risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, advanced maternal age and presence of additional ultrasound abnormalities.

Objective To understand the statues of the occupational stress and turnover intention in young clinical nurses , and to explore the relationship between them .Methods Two hundred and twenty nurses from May 2013 to July 2013 in the four hospital of Harbin were chosen according the convenience sampling method, and were surveyed by the demographic questionnaire , nurse job stressors scale and turnover intention scale.Results The score of the occupational stress in young clinical nurses was (96.43 ±24.33), and was at the medium level;the score of dimension in the nursing pressure was the highest score (28.82 ±6.60), and the score of dimension in the working environment and the voluntary was the lowest score (6.48 ±2.09).The average score of turnover intention was (2.51 ±0.62), and the scores of all dimensions were respectively turnover intention Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲaccording to the average score in the ascending order .The all dimensions in the stressors scale were positive correlated with turnover intention (r=0.197-0.350,P<0.01).Conclusions The turnover intention in young clinical nurses is at a higher level , and the nursing administrators should take the corresponding measures in order to decrease their occupational stress so as to avoid the turnover intention and stabilize the nurses .

Objective To investigate the prenatal diagnosis, perinatal management and standardized treatment protocol for neonates with duodenal obstruction. Methods A network in prenatal diagnosis, perinatal management and monitoring of congenital malformation was founded between Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital and the Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Forty-four fetuses were prenatally diagnosed as duodenal obstructions by this network from July,2001 to September, 2010. The data of prenatal diagnosis, treatment after birth and prognosis were analyzed. Results Among 44 patients diagnosed as fetal duodenal obstruction by prenatal ultrasonography, three cases underwent induced abortion, three were in pregnancy, 14 were lost during follow-up and 24 were confirmed by surgical treatments after birth. Within 24 neonates underwent surgery, 21 showed double-bubble sign and 20 combined with polyhydroamnios in prenatal ultrasonography. Twenty-four neonates underwent upright abdominal plain film examination,22 showed double-bubble sign, 1 showed single-bubble sign and 1 showed triple-bubble sign,respectively. Nineteen neonates underwent upper gastroenterography which showed distention of stomach and duodenum, increased stomach peristalsis and an obstacle of duodenum emptying. Within 23 neonates underwent ultrasonographic studies, 10 showed distention and increased peristalsis of duodenum. Following surgical procedures were performed: diamond shape anastomosis was completed in 19 cases with annular pancreas; duodenal vertical resection, across suture and excision of the membrane was done in four cases with duodenum membranate stenosis; end-to-back anastomosis was taken in one case with duodenal separate atresia; Ladd's procedure was applied in 11 cases associated with malrotation. All patients were cured. Conclusions Standardized perinatal management and earlier intervention should be offered to newborns with duodenal obstruction to achieve better effects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of bacteria colonization on lumbar epidural catheter tips in postoperative analgesia patients. METHODS The catheter tips were cultured in 100 patients with ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ undergoing lower extremity osteoarticular operation.Lumbar epidural catheters were placed in the operating room with aseptic technique.Diluted local anesthetic and fentanyl infusions were used for postoperative analgesia.The epidural catheter was removed with aseptic technique and the tips sent for microbiological culture after 3 days. RESULTS From 100 patients,bacteriological examination revealed bacteria colonization in 9(9.0%),mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis(6;66.7%),followed by Enterococcus(1;11.1%),Gram-negative bacilli(1;11.1%),and yeasts(1;11.1%).No patient developd infectious complications. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the risk of bacteria colonization associated with lumber postoperative analgesia in three days is low.No patient develops local or central nervous infection.Epidural postoperative analgesia can be routinely used without worry of infection in epidural space.But we recommend prophylactic measures should be applied in the high-risk groups.