AIM: To explore the value of optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging features in predicting the prognosis of intravitreal injection of conbercept in the treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME). METHODS: A retrospective selection was made of patients with DME who underwent intravitreal injection of conbercept at the hospital from July 2021 to August 2024. All patients received intravitreal injection of conbercept once a month for a total of 3 mo. OCT and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)examinations were conducted at 4 mo after the treatment. The change in BCVA at 4 mo post-treatment served as the primary efficacy evaluation metric, with patients achieving a 2-line or greater improvement classified into the favorable prognosis group, while those with less than a 2-line improvement were categorized into the unfavorable prognosis group. Clinical data and OCT-related imaging features of the two groups were collected, and the factors influencing the unfavorable prognosis of patients treated with conbercept for DME and the predictive value of OCT-related imaging features for treatment efficacy were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 115 DME patients(115 eyes)were included in this study [for patients with bilateral DME, only the eye with greater central macular thickness(CMT)was included]. After 4 mo of treatment, 78 cases(78 eyes)were in the good prognosis group, including 45 males and 33 females, with an average age of 60.57±7.46 y. There were 37 cases(37 eyes)in the poor prognosis group, including 24 males and 13 females, with an average age of 59.36±8.72 y. The poor prognosis rate was 32.2%. The BCVA and CMT before treatment in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group(all P<0.05). The proportions of ELM integrity destruction, EZ integrity destruction, and retinal inner layer structure disorder in the poor prognosis group were all higher than those in the good prognosis group(all P<0.05). The factors influencing the prognosis of DME patients treated with conbercept were pre-treatment CMT(OR=1.030, P<0.001), ELM integrity destruction(OR=22.475, P=0.002), EZ integrity destruction(OR=23.584, P=0.001), and retinal inner layer structure disorder(OR=7.901, P=0.016). The AUC values for predicting poor prognosis of DME patients treated with conbercept by each of the indicators of ELM integrity destruction, EZ integrity destruction, and retinal inner layer structure disorder alone and in combination were 0.699, 0.653, 0.637, and 0.843, respectively.CONCLUSION: Clinically, OCT examination should be emphasized in patients with DME. In the early stage, by identifying high-risk imaging features, the prognosis of DME patients can be evaluated, providing objective evidence for the formulation of individualized treatment plans.

Diabetic macular edema(DME), a serious complication of diabetic retinopathy(DR), is a chronic condition caused by multiple factors. Throughout its progression, inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)play a critical role. Anti-VEGF drugs have shown significant effectiveness in the treatment of DME; however, some patients may experience persistent DME after injection or require frequent injections. Dexamethasone intravitreal implants(DEX implants)serve as a sustained-release implant characterized by a reasonable release profile and high bioavailability. They offer safe, effective, and prolonged anti-inflammatory effects, aiding in the repair of retinal barrier and reduction of exudation. To further enhance patients' visual quality, exploring the efficacy of DEX implants in combination with existing treatment regimens has great clinical significance. This review primarily discusses the research advancements in DEX implants, focusing on their pharmacological properties, indications for use, and their combination with existing drugs and treatment methods. It also evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of combination therapy or switching to DEX implants compared to current standard treatments, aiming to provide guidance for personalized treatment options for patients with DME.

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of a modified superior mesenteric artery(SMA)approach in totally laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision(CME)and D3 lymphadenectomy for right colon cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data of 77 cases of totally laparoscopic radical surgery for right colon cancer from April 2021 to April 2023.Before August 2022,42 cases underwent traditional SMA approach(control group,only marking with the ileocolic vascular pedicle as the tail of SMA),while after August 2022,35 cases underwent modified SMA approach(modified group,marking with the Treitz's ligament and ileocolic vascular pedicle as the head and tail of SMA,respectively).There was no statistically significant difference in general information between the two groups(P>0.05).The intraoperative conditions,postoperative recovery,and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the modified group had a shorter surgical time[(147.3±35.8)min vs.(173.4±29.9)min,t =-3.428,P =0.001].There were no statistically significant differences in the number of lymph node dissection,number of positive lymph nodes,drainage volume,exhaust time,postoperative hospital stay,and incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The modified SMA approach for totally laparoscopic radical resection of right colon cancer shortens the surgical time,reduces the difficulty and risk of surgery,and has high safety and feasibility.

YKL-40 protein, also called chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1), is a highly conserved secreted glycoprotein in racial evolution, belonging to the " 18-glycosyl hydrolase" family. A large number of studies have shown that YKL-40 is involved in the pathological process of many diseases. There is little research information about YKL-40 in ocular diseases yet. This article mainly summarizes the research progress of YKL-40 in ocular diseases in the domestic and foreign literatures to provide reference for further clinical research.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of 577 nm and 532 nm laser panretinal photocoagulation in the treatment of severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).Methods A prospective,controlled trial was conducted in 42 patients(64 eyes)with severe NPDR,who were randomly divided into 577 nm group and 532 nm group.All of patients received PRP with the single-point model.Preoperative and postoperative 1 day,1 month,3 and 6 months,the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),fundus,optical coherence tomography (OCT) and full field flash electroretinogram (F-ERG) were examined.After treatment 3 and 6 months,fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) examination was performed between two groups.Results In 577 nm group and 532 nm group,the average number of laser spot was (1969.25 ± 278.19) and (2098.16 ± 289.27) respectively;average laser power was (425.23 ± 50.15)mW and (438.15 ± 38.48)mW respectively;and average energy density was (7.54 ± 1.54) mW · ms · μm-2 and (7.68 ± 3.01)mW · ms · μm-2.There was no difference in number of laser spot(t =2.68),laser power (t =1.46) and energy density (t =2.15) between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05),and the differences of macular central thickness after treatment 1 month,3 and 6 months (t =1.98,1.88,1.81 respectively) approached no statistical significance between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05),while F-ERG a,b wave amplitudes after treatment 1 month,3 and 6 months (a wave:t =5.94,5.19,6.97;b wave:t =5.67,4.56,5.12) had significant differences between groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The effective rate of treating 6 months after operation in the two groups were 87.5％ and 46.9％ respectively,with significant difference (x2 =7.56,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion 577 nm laser is more effective and has less damage to visual function than 532 nm laser in the treatment of NPDR.

Objective To investigate the expression of galectin-3 in pancreatic cancer cell and its effect on the proliferation and invasion of SW1990.Methods Immunocytochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of galectin-3 protein and mRNA in SW1990,PANC1 and ASPC-1 cell lines.Galectin-3 mono-antibody of different concentrations ( 1,2,3,5 μg/ml) was used to treat SW1990 cells for 24,48,72 h,CCK-8 kits were used to detect the proliferation in SW1990 cells; Transwell chamber was used to study the invasion in SW1990.Results Expression of galectin-3 protein and mRNA was present in SW1990,PANC1,and ASPC-1.Galectin 3 mono-antibody inhibited the proliferation and number of invasive cells in a dose and time dependant manner.The inhibitory rates at 72 h were 19.8％,29.9％ and 42.7％ in 2,3,5 μg/ml galectin 3 mono-antibody groups,the difference among them and control group was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The inhibite rate of permeating membrane cells in 3 μg/ml galectin-3 mono antibody was 37.1％,the difference between this group and control group was statistically significant (P ＜0.05 ).ConcLusions Galectin-3 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cells.Galectin-3 antibody can inhibit the proliferation and migration capability of SW1990 cells.