Bacterial biofilms can make traditional antibiotics impenetrable and even promote the development of antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, non-antibiotic strategies to effectively penetrate and eradicate the formed biofilms are urgently needed. Here, we demonstrate the development of self-propelled biohybrid microrobots that can enhance the degradation and penetration effects for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in minimally invasive strategy. The biohybrid microrobots (CR@Alg) are constructed by surface modification of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CR) microalgae with alginate lyase (Alg) via biological orthogonal reaction. By degrading the biofilm components, the number of CR@Alg microrobots with fast-moving capability penetrating the biofilm increases by around 2.4-fold compared to that of microalgae. Massive reactive oxygen species are subsequently generated under laser irradiation due to the presence of chlorophyll, inherent photosensitizers of microalgae, thus triggering photodynamic therapy (PDT) to combat bacteria. Our algae-based microrobots with superior biocompatibility eliminate biofilm-infections efficiently and tend to suppress the inflammatory response in vivo, showing huge promise for the active treatment of biofilm-associated infections.

Objective·To study the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite(Nd:YAP)laser biostimulation on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs)and its possible mechanism.Methods·Five premolars removed for orthodontic reasons were collected from Changzhou Stomatological Hospital,and the periodontal ligament tissues from the middle 1/3 of the roots were taken to culture hPDLCs in vitro.The cells were irradiated with the biostimulation function[G(-)mode]of the Nd:YAP laser.According to the irradiation time,the cells were divided into a control group(without laser irradiation),and groups irradiated for 5 s,10 s,15 s,20 s and 30 s.The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method was used to detect the proliferation of hPDLCs in each group.After osteogenic differentiation was induced,the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)content and activity level of the cells were detected using an ALP staining kit and an ALP activity detection kit.The calcium salt level of the cells was evaluated by alizarin red S staining and calcium quantitative analysis.The expression of genes and proteins related to the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway,including dickkopf-related protein 1(DKK-1),β-catenin,and runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2),was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)and Western blotting.Results·The results of CCK-8 showed that the proliferation level of cells in the 10 s,15 s,20 s,and 30 s groups was enhanced from 3 d after irradiation(all P<0.05).After induction of osteogenic differentiation,ALP content,activity,and calcium salt level in the laser irradiation groups increased with the extension of irradiation time(all P<0.05).The results of qPCR and Western blotting analysis showed that the expression levels of the DKK-1 gene and protein in the laser irradiation groups decreased with the extension of irradiation time.However,the expression levels of β-catenin and RUNX2 genes and proteins increased significantly with the extension of irradiation time;there were statistically significant differences between the 15 s,20 s,and 30 s groups and the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion·Nd:YAP laser biostimulation may promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs through WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.

This report described a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura presenting with generalized petechiae. The infant was admitted at Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University on March 30, 2022, following detection of wide spread petechiae 30 minutes post-delivery. Blood tests revealed severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count 5×10 9/L) with leukopenia, decreased hemoglobin, and hepatomegaly, though coagulation function remained normal. Initial treatments—random donor platelet transfusion, and intravenous immunoglobulin—proved ineffective. Pretreatment blood samples showed strongly positive platelet antibodies (3+). Further typing confirmed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies in both infant and mother, establishing HLA-negative neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. HLA-negative platelet transfusion resolved petechiae and normalized platelet counts, enabling discharge on postnatal day 14. Subdural hemorrhage was detected on MRI at day 29. Platelet levels remained normal at six-month follow-up, with age-appropriate development confirmed at 2.5 years.

Objective·To study the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite(Nd:YAP)laser biostimulation on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs)and its possible mechanism.Methods·Five premolars removed for orthodontic reasons were collected from Changzhou Stomatological Hospital,and the periodontal ligament tissues from the middle 1/3 of the roots were taken to culture hPDLCs in vitro.The cells were irradiated with the biostimulation function[G(-)mode]of the Nd:YAP laser.According to the irradiation time,the cells were divided into a control group(without laser irradiation),and groups irradiated for 5 s,10 s,15 s,20 s and 30 s.The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method was used to detect the proliferation of hPDLCs in each group.After osteogenic differentiation was induced,the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)content and activity level of the cells were detected using an ALP staining kit and an ALP activity detection kit.The calcium salt level of the cells was evaluated by alizarin red S staining and calcium quantitative analysis.The expression of genes and proteins related to the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway,including dickkopf-related protein 1(DKK-1),β-catenin,and runt-related transcription factor 2(RUNX2),was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)and Western blotting.Results·The results of CCK-8 showed that the proliferation level of cells in the 10 s,15 s,20 s,and 30 s groups was enhanced from 3 d after irradiation(all P<0.05).After induction of osteogenic differentiation,ALP content,activity,and calcium salt level in the laser irradiation groups increased with the extension of irradiation time(all P<0.05).The results of qPCR and Western blotting analysis showed that the expression levels of the DKK-1 gene and protein in the laser irradiation groups decreased with the extension of irradiation time.However,the expression levels of β-catenin and RUNX2 genes and proteins increased significantly with the extension of irradiation time;there were statistically significant differences between the 15 s,20 s,and 30 s groups and the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion·Nd:YAP laser biostimulation may promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs through WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.

This report described a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura presenting with generalized petechiae. The infant was admitted at Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University on March 30, 2022, following detection of wide spread petechiae 30 minutes post-delivery. Blood tests revealed severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count 5×10 9/L) with leukopenia, decreased hemoglobin, and hepatomegaly, though coagulation function remained normal. Initial treatments—random donor platelet transfusion, and intravenous immunoglobulin—proved ineffective. Pretreatment blood samples showed strongly positive platelet antibodies (3+). Further typing confirmed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies in both infant and mother, establishing HLA-negative neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. HLA-negative platelet transfusion resolved petechiae and normalized platelet counts, enabling discharge on postnatal day 14. Subdural hemorrhage was detected on MRI at day 29. Platelet levels remained normal at six-month follow-up, with age-appropriate development confirmed at 2.5 years.

AIM:To investigate the role and mechanism of histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 5A(KDM5A)in regulating the Notch signaling pathway in particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5)-induced cortical damage in off-spring mice.METHODS:A pregnancy PM2.5 exposure model was established using intratracheal nebulization.Pregnant mice were randomly divided into PBS control group and PM2.5 exposure group.The cortices of offspring mice were isolated 14 d after birth.Golgi staining,electron microscopy and other methods were used to detect damage to neurons and chroma-tin in the cortex.Western blot,RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the mRNA and protein ex-pression of KDM5A in the cortex,and the distribution of KDM5A co-localized with neural cells.A PM2.5-treated PC12 cell injury model was established to detect changes in cell viability and the expression of proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis.Further,Western blot,RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the mRNA and pro-tein expression of KDM5A,the distribution of KDM5A co-localized with neurons,and changes in the protein level of his-tone H3K4me3.Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the interaction between KDM5A and Notch1,which was fur-ther validated by transfection experiments.In both in vivo and in vitro PM2.5 exposure models,changes in key molecules of the Notch signaling pathway and the co-expression of Notch1 with neural cells in the cortices of 14-day-old offspring mice and PC12 cells were detected.RESULTS:Prenatal PM2.5 exposure during pregnant led to a reduction in the number of neurons and decreased dentritic complexity in the cerebral cortex of offspring at 14 d after birth.It also caused abnormal chromatin condensation within neuronal nuclei,decreased mRNA and protein expression of KDM5A protein in the cortex,increased H3K4me3 protein levels(P＜0.05),and a significant reduction in KDM5A/NeuN double-positive cells.Expo-sure to PM2.5 also resulted in decreased viability and proliferation,and increased apoptosis of PC12 cells,with reduced ex-pression of KDM5A mRNA and protein,increased H3K4me3 protein expression(P＜0.05),and a reduction in the num-ber of KDM5A/MAP-2 double-positive cells.Bioinformatics analysis and transfection experiments in PC12 cells revealed that Notch1 is a downstream target gene of KDM5A.Further in vivo and in vitro experiments found that PM2.5 exposure lead to decreased mRNA and protein expression of key Notch signaling molecules Notch1,Jagged1 and Hes1,and reduced numbers of Notch1/NeuN and Notch1/MAP-2 double-positive cells.CONCLUSION:Exposure to PM2.5 can lead to abnor-mal expression of KDM5A in the offspring's cerebral cortex,which may cause neuronal damage by down-regulating the Notch signaling pathway,a downstream target.This could be one of the significant factors contributing to the neurodevelop-mental disorders in offspring exposed to PM2.5 during pregnancy.

AIM:To investigate the role and mechanism of histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 5A(KDM5A)in regulating the Notch signaling pathway in particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5)-induced cortical damage in off-spring mice.METHODS:A pregnancy PM2.5 exposure model was established using intratracheal nebulization.Pregnant mice were randomly divided into PBS control group and PM2.5 exposure group.The cortices of offspring mice were isolated 14 d after birth.Golgi staining,electron microscopy and other methods were used to detect damage to neurons and chroma-tin in the cortex.Western blot,RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the mRNA and protein ex-pression of KDM5A in the cortex,and the distribution of KDM5A co-localized with neural cells.A PM2.5-treated PC12 cell injury model was established to detect changes in cell viability and the expression of proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis.Further,Western blot,RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the mRNA and pro-tein expression of KDM5A,the distribution of KDM5A co-localized with neurons,and changes in the protein level of his-tone H3K4me3.Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the interaction between KDM5A and Notch1,which was fur-ther validated by transfection experiments.In both in vivo and in vitro PM2.5 exposure models,changes in key molecules of the Notch signaling pathway and the co-expression of Notch1 with neural cells in the cortices of 14-day-old offspring mice and PC12 cells were detected.RESULTS:Prenatal PM2.5 exposure during pregnant led to a reduction in the number of neurons and decreased dentritic complexity in the cerebral cortex of offspring at 14 d after birth.It also caused abnormal chromatin condensation within neuronal nuclei,decreased mRNA and protein expression of KDM5A protein in the cortex,increased H3K4me3 protein levels(P＜0.05),and a significant reduction in KDM5A/NeuN double-positive cells.Expo-sure to PM2.5 also resulted in decreased viability and proliferation,and increased apoptosis of PC12 cells,with reduced ex-pression of KDM5A mRNA and protein,increased H3K4me3 protein expression(P＜0.05),and a reduction in the num-ber of KDM5A/MAP-2 double-positive cells.Bioinformatics analysis and transfection experiments in PC12 cells revealed that Notch1 is a downstream target gene of KDM5A.Further in vivo and in vitro experiments found that PM2.5 exposure lead to decreased mRNA and protein expression of key Notch signaling molecules Notch1,Jagged1 and Hes1,and reduced numbers of Notch1/NeuN and Notch1/MAP-2 double-positive cells.CONCLUSION:Exposure to PM2.5 can lead to abnor-mal expression of KDM5A in the offspring's cerebral cortex,which may cause neuronal damage by down-regulating the Notch signaling pathway,a downstream target.This could be one of the significant factors contributing to the neurodevelop-mental disorders in offspring exposed to PM2.5 during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of oral microscope-assisted surface decontamination on implants in vitro. METHODS: Twelve implants that fell off because of severe peri-implantitis were collected, and decontamination was carried out on the surfaces of implants through curetting, ultrasound, titanium brushing, and sandblasting at 1×, 8×, or 12.8× magnifications. The number and sizes of residues on the implants' surfaces after decontamination were determined, and the decontamination effect was analyzed according to the thread spacing in the different parts of the thread. RESULTS: 1) The 8× and 12.8× groups scored lower for implant surface residues than the 1× group (P<0.000 1), and the 12.8× group scored lower than the 8× group (P<0.001); 2) no difference in residue score was found between the wide and narrow thread pitch (P>0.05), and the 8× and 12.8× groups had lower scores than the 1× group (P<0.001); 3) the lowest number of contaminants was observed at the tip of the thread, whereas the highest was observed below the thread, and the difference was significant (P<0.001). However, the thread pitch had no effect on the number of contaminants in different areas (P>0.05); 4) the residue scores of the 8× and 12.8× groups were lower than those of the 1× group at the thread tip and above, sag, and below the thread of the implants (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Residues on the surfaces of contaminated implants can be effectively removed by using an oral microscope. After decontamination, the residues of pollutants were mainly concentrated below the thread of the implants, and the thread pitch of the implants had no significant effect on the residues.
Humans ; Dental Implants ; Decontamination ; Surface Properties ; Peri-Implantitis ; Titanium

Traditional Chinese medicine hospitals are the main battlefield for the inheritance,innovation,and develop-ment of traditional Chinese medicine.Human resource is the primary resource for the development of traditional Chinese medi-cine.The inheritance,innovation,and development of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals cannotwithout the cultivation and creation of high-quality teams.A traditional Chinese medicine hospital in Guangzhou has developed the"Three Projects and One Plan"human resource cultivation plan based on the idea of multi-level training that improve the overall quality of the workforce and focus on potential person.It has constructed a traditional Chinese medicine human resource cultivation system that covers the entire cycle of person.The hospital has carried out in new mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine human resource cultivation,and various measures have been implemented and achieved some success.And then,it will consider the next step of human re-source cultivation.

Objective:To explore the related factors affecting the prognosis of children with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC).Methods:Twenty children with PNAC admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2014 to December 2020 were selected as research objects by retrospective study. According to prognosis, children were divided into good (15 cases) and poor prognosis group (5 cases). Clinical data such as general condition, intravenous nutrition duration, related biochemical examination indexes and main treatment methods of children in the two groups were collected. Spearman correlation analysis was used to quantify the correlation between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and poor prognosis. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of children with PNAC, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of ALT on the prognosis of children.Results:There were no significant differences in gender, body weight, gestational age, age, feeding mode, duration of intravenous nutrition, direct bilirubin (DBil), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), total protein (TP), serum albumin (Alb), globulin (GLB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), platelet count (PLT), white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), lymphocyte count (LYM), urine culture, AST/PLT ratio (APRI) and main treatment methods between the two groups. Total bilirubin (TBil), ALT, neutrophil count (NEU) and monocyte count (MONO) in the good prognosis group were significantly lower than those in the poor prognosis group [TBil (μmol/L): 120.00±48.63 vs. 175.26±29.14, ALT (U/L): 73.25±44.29 vs. 145.30±74.33, NEU (×10 9/L): 2.55±1.29 vs. 5.08±4.10, MONO (×10 9/L): 1.23±0.87 vs. 2.13±0.60, all P < 0.05]. Logistic regression analysis showed that ALT was the risk factor affecting the prognosis of children with PNAC, when ALT increased by 1 U/L, the probability of poor prognosis increased by 3.6% [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.00-1.07, P = 0.04]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the incidence of poor prognosis was positively correlated with ALT ( r = 0.49, P = 0.03). ROC analysis showed that ALT had certain predictive value for the prognosis of children with PNAC [area under ROC cure (AUC) = 0.83, 95% CI was 0.00-1.00, P = 0.03]; when the cut-off value was 121.50 U/L, its sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 93%, suggesting that ALT could be used as the main indicator for clinical prediction of poor prognosis for PNAC. Conclusion:ALT is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in children with PNAC.