ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

Background The contamination of public baths with Legionella pneumophila contamination has become a growing public health concern in recent years. However, research on its association with bacterial community characteristics in water samples remains limited. The integration of 16S rRNA sequencing and random forest modeling provides a new approach to elucidate the bacterial community characteristics of public bath water and their association with Legionella pneumophila contamination. Objective To investigate the bacterial community structure and diversity of public bath water in Shanghai, explore the association between Legionella pneumophila contamination and bacterial community characteristics, and identify key bacterial genera associated with contamination, thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating hygiene management regulations for public bath water. Methods From February to March 2023, water samples were collected from ten public baths in Shanghai which were selected based on business scale, regional distribution, and functional differences. Water quality parameters were evaluated, and the samples were categorized into Legionella-positive and Legionella-negative groups based on the detection results of Legionella pneumophila. The bacterial community structure, α-diversity, and β-diversity were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was employed to examine the relationship between physicochemical factors and bacterial community diversity. A random forest model was employed to identify key bacterial genera distinguishing the two groups, with the importance of genera being evaluated based on the mean decrease accuracy (MDA). Results The oxygen consumption in the Legionella-positive group was significantly lower than that in the Legionella-negative group (mean values: 1.85 mg·L⁻¹ vs. 6.81 mg·L⁻¹, P< 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in other physicochemical indicators. The sequencing results revealed a total of 27 bacterial phyla and 454 bacterial genera, with Proteobacteria (63.00%) being the dominant phylum. The dominant genera included Pelomonas (8.50%), Acidovorax (8.13%), Mycobacterium (7.93%), and Acinetobacter (6.59%). The α-diversity analysis indicated that bacterial community richness (Chao1 and ACE indices) was significantly higher in the Legionella-positive group than in the Legionella-negative group (P<0.01). The β-diversity analysis showed no significant difference in the bacterial community structure between the two groups (P>0.05). The RDA analysis demonstrated that the bacterial community diversity was positively correlated with pH and negatively correlated with oxygen consumption and free residual chlorine. The RDA1 and RDA2 explained 23.92% and 21.30% of the bacterial community diversity, respectively. The random forest model identified 20 key genera significantly influencing the microbial community distribution between the two groups, including unclassified_Bradyrhizobiaceae (MDA=2.42), Meiothermus (MDA=2.37), and Flavihumibacter (MDA=2.26). Conclusion The diversity of bacterial communities in public bath water is influenced by pH, oxygen consumption, and free residual chlorine. Samples contaminated with Legionella pneumophila exhibit greater microbial richness and contain characteristic key bacterial genera that contribute to community differences. Machine learning random forest technology helps identify these distinctive key bacterial genera. The findings provide a basis for carrying out risk early warning strategies in such settings.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Jiedu Xiaoying Patch in rats with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).Methods:Totally 32 rats were randomly divided into a blank group of 8 rats and a model group of 24 rats. The HT rat model was prepared by freely drinking 0.064% sodium iodide solution in the modeling module. 24 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model group, selenium yeast group, and patch group, with 8 rats in each group. Starting from the 9th week, the application group applied Jiedu Xiaoying Patch to the surface projection area of the thyroid gland in the neck of rats for 6 hours, once a day, for a total of 6 weeks; the selenium yeast group was orally administered with 21 μg/ml selenium yeast solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/100 g, while the blank group, model group, and patch group were orally administered with equal volumes of physiological saline solution once a day for a total of 6 weeks. The levels of TGAb,TPOAb, Sema 5A, and IL-17A in rat serum were detected by ELISA. The changes of thyroid tissue was observed with HE staining. The relative expression levels of plexin-A1 and plexin-B3 were determined through RT-PCR.Results:Compared with the model group, the levels of TPOAb, TGAb, Sema 5A, and IL-17A decreased ( P<0.05), and the expressions of plexin-A1 and plexin-B3 decreased in the selenium yeast group and the patch group ( P<0.05). The thyroid follicles in the model group were severely damaged, with a large number of lymphocytes infiltrating the interstices; the thyroid follicular structure of the selenium yeast group was relatively intact, and lymphocyte infiltration was reduced compared to the model group. The thyroid follicular structure of the patch group was basically intact, with a small amount of lymphocyte infiltration observed. Conclusion:Jiedu Xiaoying Patch can significantly reduce the levels of TPOAb and TGAb in HT rats. The mechanism may be related to reducing the content of Sema 5A, inhibiting the expressions of receptors plexin-A1 and plexin-B3, reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A, and inhibiting immune and inflammatory responses.

Objective: To analyze the association between poor sleep characteristics and the coexistence of negative emotions and overweight/obesity among college students, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving their physical and mental health. Methods: From November to December 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to survey 6 600 college students from nine universities in Jiangxi, Hunan, and Hubei provinces. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and physical examinations were employed to assess negative emotions, poor sleep characteristics, and overweight/obesity. Chi square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the impact of poor sleep characteristics on the coexistence of negative emotions and overweight/obesity. Results: The coexistence rates of different categories of negative emotions (depression, anxiety, stress) and overweight/obesity were 6.1% ( n= 405), 8.0% ( n =529), and 3.3% ( n =217), respectively. Gender, grade level, major, maternal education level, annual family income, physical activity level, only child status, and carbonated beverage consumption were statistically associated with the coexistence rates of different categories of negative emotions and overweight/obesity ( χ 2=4.01-35.18, all P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, grade level, major, only child status, maternal education level, annual family income, physical activity level, and carbonated beverage consumption, poor sleep characteristics were significantly associated with an increased risk of the coexistence of negative emotions and overweight/obesity ( OR =1.41-6.65); moderate and poor sleep quality levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of the coexistence of different categories of negative emotions and overweight/obesity among female students ( OR =1.99-4.71) (all P <0.05). Conclusions Poor sleep characteristics are associated with the coexistence of negative emotions and overweight/obesity among college students. Greater attention should be paid to sleep issues in this population, and sleep education should be actively promoted to reduce the risk of comorbid negative emotions and overweight/obesity.

AIM: To compare the effectiveness of foldable capsular body(FCB)with traditional scleral buckling(SB)in the treatment of experimental retinal detachment animal models.METHODS: After successfully establishing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)animal models, 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups(RRD models group, SB group, and FCB group), with 8 rabbits in each group. The FCB and SB groups underwent SB and FCB surgeries for the RRD animal models, while the RRD models group only consists of RRD models without any surgical intervention during the follow-up period. The follow-up duration was 3 mo. Wide-field neonatal fundus imaging system and ophthalmic B-ultrasound were used to assess the fundus conditions before and after surgery. The Icare® TONOVET Plus tonometer was utilized to evaluate intraocular pressure changes before and after surgery. The Eaton and Draize scoring systems were selected to monitor postoperative inflammatory reactions.RESULTS: The retinal reattachment rates in the FCB and SB groups were 87.5% and 75.0%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups(P>0.05). The intraocular pressure in both the FCB and SB groups increased postoperatively compared to preoperative levels(P<0.01), and there were no significant differences in intraocular pressure at any time points during the follow-up period between the groups(P>0.05). The intraocular pressure in the RRD models group remained at a low level throughout the follow-up period. The average surgical time for the FCB group was 16.87±2.29 min, which was shorter than 46.25±4.74 min in the SB group(t=-15.166, P<0.001). According to the Eaton and Draize scoring systems, the FCB group had lower grades of conjunctival hyperemia and edema in the early postoperative period compared to the SB group, indicating milder inflammatory reactions(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Both FCB and SB are effective in treating experimental RRD. Compared to SB, FCB is simpler to operate, and also has a shorter surgical time and milder postoperative inflammatory reactions.

Ulcerative colitis （UC）， which is characterized by a complex and multifactorial etiology， remains one of the challenging disorders in the international field of digestive system diseases. In recent years， rectal administration preparations have made rapid progress in UC therapeutic applications. This study systematically reviews the dosage forms， mechanisms of action， and clinical applications of rectally-administered preparations for the treatment of UC. It is found that suppositories are the most commonly used dosage forms for rectal administration. The newer suppositories have the advantages of high bioavailability and good stability. Enemas can retain the drug in the intestine as much as possible to achieve the effects of diluting intestinal toxins， cleansing the bowel， and reducing inflammation. Gels can achieve a drug-sustained-release effect and effectively improve intestinal mucosal damage. The mechanism of action of this type of preparation is mainly to inhibit inflammatory cell infiltration， regulate intestinal microbial homeostasis， and increase the expression of tight-junction proteins， so as to play anti-inflammatory， regulate the intestinal bacterial flora， repair the intestinal mucosa， and other efficacies. The diversity of rectal administration forms provides a wide range of choices for the clinical treatment of UC， such as Mesalazine suppositories， Lianshao enemas， and temperature- sensitive gels loaded with drugs for UC.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of limonin on renal lesions， glucose metabolism， inflammation， and oxidative stress in gestational diabetic rats and its possible mechanisms. METHODS The model of gestational diabetic rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were divided into the model group （intragastrical administration and tail vein injection of equal volume of normal saline）， limonin low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （intragastrical administration of limonin， at doses of 12.5， 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg， and equal volume of normal saline into the tail vein）， and combination group [intragastrical administration of limonin 50.0 mg/kg + tail vein injection of c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） activator Anisomycin 2 mg/kg ]， with 12 rats in each group. In addition， 12 pregnant rats were selected as the control group （intragastrical administration and tail vein injection of equal volume of normal saline）. They were given relevant medicine， once a day， for 14 consecutive days. After the last administration， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， the levels of fasting insulin （FINS）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum were detected； the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， and creatinine （Cr） in the renal tissue were detected； the pathological changes of renal tissue were observed； the expressions of proteins related to the JNK/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway in the renal tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with control group， in model group， the rats showed pathological injuries in the kidney tissue， such as glomerular atrophy， edema of renal tubular epithelial cells； the levels of FBG， FINS， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， MDA， BUN and Cr， HOMA-IR， as well as the phosphorylation levels of JNK and NF-κB 0453-6602005。E-mail：mcvi45@163.com p65 proteins were increased significantly （P＜0.05）， while the levels of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， in each dose group of limonin， the degree of renal tissue lesions in rats was alleviated， and the above-mentioned indicators were significantly improved （P＜0.05）， showing an obvious dose-effect relationship （P＜0.05）. Compared with high-dose limonin group， in the combination group， the degree of renal tissue lesions in rats was relatively aggravated， and the changes in the above-mentioned indicators were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Limonin has a certain improvement effect on renal lesions， glucose metabolism， inflammation， and oxidative stress in pregnant rats with gestational diabetes. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the contamination characteristics and pathogenic potential of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in pre-packaged and refrigerated ready-to-eat cooked meat products in Chengdu City. Methods:From September 2022 to May 2023, pre-packaged and refrigerated ready-to-eat cooked meat products were collected from six districts and counties in Chengdu City. Qualitative and quantitative determination of LM was performed on these samples. Whole genome sequencing was carried out on the isolated strains. Different ST strains were selected for cell adhesion and invasion experiments. The results were expressed as adhesion rate and invasion rate. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups, and the Dunnett t-test was used for pairwise comparison. Results:A total of 145 samples were collected, and LM was detected and isolated in 29 samples. The total detection rate was 20.00%, and the detection rate of braised pork was the highest (68.18%). The contamination level of LM in 9 samples (31.03%) was greater than 100.00 MPN/g. The 29 strains of Listeria monocytogenes belonged to 7 STs, including ST 3 (27.59%), ST 8 (17.24%) and ST 87 (13.79%). The strain of ST 87 carried Listeria pathogenicity islands 4 (LIPI-4), which was a highly virulent strain. The medium and high virulence strains accounted for 79.31%. Some moderately virulent and highly virulent strains of ST 8 and ST 87 were closely related to clinical patient strains. Some LM isolates of the same ST type had little SNP differences (1-6) in the same manufacturer at different stages. In vitro cell experiments showed that the highly virulent strain ST 87 had the strongest adhesion and invasion ability towards Caco-2 cells. Conclusion:The pre-packaged and refrigerated cooked meat products have a high contamination rate. Some samples have high contamination levels and carry medium and high virulence strains, posing potential health risks to human beings. LM residues continue to persist in some manufacturers′ production and processing stages.

Objective:To develop CNN-Dinov2, a deep learning-based automatic classification model for Gram-stained images, enabling rapid diagnosis of three prevalent Gram-negative bacilli in bloodstream infections: Escherichia coli ( E.coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K.pneumoniae), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P.aeruginosa). Methods:This evaluation study analyzed 1 425 Gram-stained microscopic images from patients with bloodstream infections at Houjie Hospital, in Dongguan City, collected between January 2023 and January 2024. The images, all positive for blood culture and identified as target strains, were categorized into Escherichia coli (419 images), Klebsiella pneumoniae (411 images), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (413 images), and other Gram-negative bacilli (182 images). They were randomly split into a training set (1 141 images), a validation set (141 images), and a test set (143 images) in an 8∶1∶1 ratio. A hybrid CNN-Dinov2 model was developed by integrating ResNet′s local feature extraction with Dinov2′s global pre-trained features, followed by a fully connected layer. The model was optimized by inputting the preprocessed images and adjusting parameters through loss calculation and backpropagation. AlexNet, Dinov2, and ResNet18 served as control models. The models′ classification performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, weighted F1 score, and recall rate, derived from the confusion matrix. The PR curve and AP value further evaluated each model′s classification capability across the four image categories. Results:The CNN-Dinov2 model achieved a training accuracy of 99.74%, a validation accuracy of 98.12%, and a validation loss of 0.070 6, demonstrating robust generalization without overfitting. Validation metrics revealed superior performance with an accuracy of 98.60%, precision of 98.65%, a weighted F1 score of 98.60%, and a recall rate of 98.60%, outperforming other models. The confusion matrix confirmed its strong classification capability, with the highest sum of diagonal values for identifying four types of bacteria. The macro average precision (AP) values under the precision-recall (PR) curves were all 1, indicating excellent discrimination across all categories. Overall, the CNN-Dinov2 model exhibited the best performance among the four models evaluated.Conclusion:This study successfully developed CNN-Dinov2, an automated classification model for Gram staining images. It offers valuable support for the rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, demonstrating practical utility.