Objective To compare the safety of cluster immunotherapy versus conventional immunotherapy for cat dander-induced rhinitis,with or without asthma,and to explore the main influencing factors for the occurrence of adverse reactions.Methods Patients with cat dander-induced rhinitis with or without asthma were recruited.Patients were divided into cluster immunotherapy group(cluster group)and conventional immunotherapy group(conventional group).The incidence of adverse reactions in both groups was compared based on individual patients and the number of injections(dose escalation phase),and influencing factors for the occurrence of adverse reactions were analyzed based on the patients' baseline information prior to treatment.Results A total of 78 patients were enrolled,with 45 in the cluster group and 33 in the conventional group.There was no statistically significant difference in the per-patient incidence of local(P=0.648)and systemic(P=1.000)adverse reactions between the two groups.The size of local reactions(P=0.321)also showed no significant difference.When the number of injections was considered during the dose escalation phase,no significant difference was observed in the per-shot incidence of local(P=0.705)and systemic adverse reactions(P=0.237)between the two groups.Pre-treatment levels of T-IgE(OR=1.001,95％CI:1.000-1.003,P=0.032),sIgE/T-IgE(％)(OR=1.079,95％CI:1.003-1.161,P=0.042),medication score(OR=1.338,95％CI:1.055-1.696,P=0.016),and symptom and medication score(OR=1.217,95％CI:1.028-1.440,P=0.022)were independent risk factors for the occurrence of local adverse reactions.Asthma patients had a 16.393-fold higher risk of systemic adverse reactions compared to non-asthma patients(OR=16.393,95％CI:1.076-249.752,P=0.044).Conclusion There were no significant differences in the per-patient or per-shot incidence of local or systemic adverse reactions between the cluster group and conventional group.Higher pre-treatment levels of T-IgE,sIgE/T-IgE,medication score,and symptom and medication score should alert clinicians to the risk of local adverse reactions,while asthma patients should be mo-nitored for the potential occurrence of systemic adverse reactions.

Objective To compare the safety of cluster immunotherapy versus conventional immunotherapy for cat dander-induced rhinitis,with or without asthma,and to explore the main influencing factors for the occurrence of adverse reactions.Methods Patients with cat dander-induced rhinitis with or without asthma were recruited.Patients were divided into cluster immunotherapy group(cluster group)and conventional immunotherapy group(conventional group).The incidence of adverse reactions in both groups was compared based on individual patients and the number of injections(dose escalation phase),and influencing factors for the occurrence of adverse reactions were analyzed based on the patients' baseline information prior to treatment.Results A total of 78 patients were enrolled,with 45 in the cluster group and 33 in the conventional group.There was no statistically significant difference in the per-patient incidence of local(P=0.648)and systemic(P=1.000)adverse reactions between the two groups.The size of local reactions(P=0.321)also showed no significant difference.When the number of injections was considered during the dose escalation phase,no significant difference was observed in the per-shot incidence of local(P=0.705)and systemic adverse reactions(P=0.237)between the two groups.Pre-treatment levels of T-IgE(OR=1.001,95％CI:1.000-1.003,P=0.032),sIgE/T-IgE(％)(OR=1.079,95％CI:1.003-1.161,P=0.042),medication score(OR=1.338,95％CI:1.055-1.696,P=0.016),and symptom and medication score(OR=1.217,95％CI:1.028-1.440,P=0.022)were independent risk factors for the occurrence of local adverse reactions.Asthma patients had a 16.393-fold higher risk of systemic adverse reactions compared to non-asthma patients(OR=16.393,95％CI:1.076-249.752,P=0.044).Conclusion There were no significant differences in the per-patient or per-shot incidence of local or systemic adverse reactions between the cluster group and conventional group.Higher pre-treatment levels of T-IgE,sIgE/T-IgE,medication score,and symptom and medication score should alert clinicians to the risk of local adverse reactions,while asthma patients should be mo-nitored for the potential occurrence of systemic adverse reactions.

Objective:To document any correlation between eye-tracking test results and cognitive impairment after a stroke.Methods:Forty stroke survivors made up the stroke group, while 20 healthy subjects without a history of stroke formed the normal group. Everyone was given an eye-tracking test, the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The eye-tracking test results were then tested for any correlation with age, level of education, and the MMSE and MoCA scores.Results:In the static image test and the prosaccade test, the total number of fixations was significantly higher in the stroke group than in the normal group. In the dynamic path test, the ocular motor test and the anti-saccade test, significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the duration of total fixation, the fixation duration ratio, and the total number of fixations. In the static image test, the total number of fixations was weakly negatively correlated with the MMSE scores. Total fixation duration and fixation duration ratio were weakly positively correlated with the MoCA scores, while total number of fixations, total saccade distance and average saccade velocity were weakly negatively correlated with the MoCA scores. In the dynamic path test, total fixation duration was weakly positively correlated with the MMSE and MoCA scores. Fixation duration ratio was weakly positively correlated with the MMSE scores and weakly negatively correlated with the MoCA scores. First fixation duration was weakly positively correlated with the MoCA scores. The total number of fixations was weakly positively correlated with age and weakly negatively correlated with the MoCA scores. Total saccade distance was weakly negatively correlated with age and the MoCA scores, and average saccade velocity was weakly negatively correlated with the MMSE and MoCA scores. In the ocular motor test, total fixation duration and fixation duration ratio were weakly positively correlated with the MoCA scores. Total number of fixations, total saccade distance, and average saccade velocity were weakly negatively correlated with the MoCA scores. In the prosaccade test, total fixation duration and fixation duration ratio were weakly positively correlated with the MoCA scores. Total number of fixations was weakly positively correlated with age and weakly negatively correlated with the MoCA scores. Total saccade distance and average saccade velocity were weakly negatively correlated with both the MMSE and MoCA scores. In the anti-saccade test, total fixation duration was weakly and positively correlated with age and the MoCA scores. Fixation duration ratio was weakly and positively correlated with age and the MoCA scores. The total number of fixations was weakly positively correlated with age and weakly negatively correlated with the MoCA scores, and total saccade distance and average saccade velocity were weakly negatively correlated with the MoCA scores.Conclusions:Eye-tracking test results are significantly correlated with post-stroke cognitive impairment, suggesting that such tests can be used in the assessment of post-stroke cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the effect of dusty weather on the symptom severity and medication use in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR)due to cypress pollen allergy.Methods Eighty-one patients with AR due to cypress pollen allergy were recruited.Nasal conjunctivitis symptom scores and medication scores were recorded every day during the cypress pollen pollination period between 2019-2023,the date and daily meteorological data of Beijing affected by dusty weather were obtained from the official website.The effects of dusty weather on the daily symptom score and daily combined symptom and medication score were analyzed using the multiple linear re-gression model.Results Under the premise of controlling the effects of cypress pollen concentration and meteorological factors,there were statistically significant positively correlation between daily symptom score,daily combined symptom and medication score and whether or not"dust day"in AR patients.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the daily symptom score was r=0.39,95％CI:0.057-0.724,P=0.022;daily combined symptom and medication score was r=1.199,95％CI:0.420-1.977,P=0.003.In addition,the daily symptom score and the daily combined symptom and medication score of AR patients also had a statistically signifi-cant positive correlation with the cypress pollen concentration,with a 0.338-point increase in daily symptom score and a 0.602-point increase in daily combined symptom and medication score for every 1-point increase in"log10 pollen count".Conclusion Dusty weath-er as an independent risk factor influences symptoms and medication use in AR patients with cypress pollen allergic.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of using acicular electrosurgical knife for coniza-tion of cervix in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the surgical data,pathological findings,and pregnancy-related complications of 60 patients who underwent acicular electrosurgical knife conization(AEKC)from January 2016 to December 2019.Results The operation time ranged from 10 to 140 minutes(median,26 minutes),and the amount of bleeding during surgery was minimal to 100 mL(median,10 mL).The cone cutting width is between 1-3 cm,the cone cutting depth is between 0.5-2.5 cm.No hemorrhoeaoccur within 14 days after surgery.The pathological concordance rate before and after surgery was 68.3%,the margins were clear and negative,and the ex-cision rate was 100%.The incidence of cervical incompetency,preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes during preg-nancy after AEKC was 3.3%,18.6%and 23.7%respectively.Conclusion By selecting acicular electrosurgical knife,suffi-cient excision and intraoperative hemostasis were ensured during conization.At the same time,it does not affect the pathological diagnosis of margin.Moreover,it has a low incidence of pregnancy-related complications such as cervical incompetency,preterm birth and premature rupture of membranes.

Colorectal tumors often create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that prevents them from responding to immunotherapy.Cannabidiol(CBD)is a non-psychoactive natural active ingredient from the cannabis plant that has various pharmacological effects,including neuroprotective,antiemetic,anti-inflammatory,and antineoplastic activities.This study aimed to elucidate the specific anticancer mechanism of CBD by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and single-cell ATAC sequencing(scATAC-seq)technologies.Here,we report that CBD inhibits colorectal cancer progression by modulating the suppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).Our single-cell transcriptome and ATAC sequencing results showed that CBD suppressed M2-like macrophages and promoted M1-like macrophages in tumors both in strength and quantity.Furthermore,CBD significantly enhanced the interaction between M1-like macrophages and tumor cells and restored the intrinsic anti-tumor properties of macrophages,thereby preventing tumor progression.Mechanistically,CBD altered the metabolic pattern of macro-phages and related anti-tumor signaling pathways.We found that CBD inhibited the alternative acti-vation of macrophages and shifted the metabolic process from oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway and related downstream target genes.Furthermore,CBD-mediated macrophage plasticity enhanced the response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)immunotherapy in xenografted mice.Taken together,we provide new insights into the anti-tumor effects of CBD.

Sterols, a class of cyclopentane poly-hydrophenanthrene derivatives, are the predominant membrane constituent of eukaryotes. These substances have a variety of biological activities and have been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. The presence of endogenous ergosterol biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells make it an ideal chassis for the de novo synthesis of sterol and its derivatives. Most recently, the rational modification of organelles provides a novel strategy for the directed transportation and storage of target products and the ultimate enhanced product synthesis. This review summarizes the phenotypic responses of S. cerevisiae cells upon different physiological stimulations and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Reinforcement of sterol production through directed storage, transportation, and excretion of sterols offers a novel strategy for breaking the limitation of de novo biosynthesis of sterols in yeast.
Ergosterol ; Phytosterols ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sterols

Objective To investigate the expression level of serum miR-486-5p in patients with pancreatic cancer and the value of serum miR-486-5p combined with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in predicting the resectability of pancreatic cancer. Methods A total of 60 patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from September 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled, among whom 32 patients had resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (operable group) and 28 had unresectable pancreatic cancer (non-operable group), and a benign pancreatic disease group with 30 patients and a healthy control group with 44 individuals were also established. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the serum level of miR-486-5p in each group, and the relative expression level of miR-486-5p was calculated to analyze its association with the clinical features of pancreatic cancer, including age, sex, tumor location, tumor size, TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis, and distant metastasis. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous variables between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and a binary logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the combined predictive value and then investigate the value of serum miR-486-5p combined with CA19-9 in predicting the resectability of pancreatic cancer. Results The relative expression level of serum miR-486-5p in the operable group [2.16 (1.38~3.30)] and the non-operable group [4.65 (2.80~9.90)] was significantly higher than that in the benign pancreatic disease group [1.01 (0.52~1.53)] and the healthy control group [0.99 (0.24~1.01)] (all P < 0.001). There were significant differences in the number of patients with low or high expression of miR-486-5p between the patients with different TNM stages, presence or absence of lymphatic metastasis, and presence or absence of distant metastasis ( χ 2 =13.765, 5.157, and 6.638, all P < 0.05). Compared with CA19-9 alone, miR-486-5p+CA19-9 had a significantly better value in distinguishing the operable group from the benign pancreatic disease group (area under the ROC curve [AUC]=0.87, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 0.760-0.942; with a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 83.3%), distinguishing the operable group from the healthy control group (AUC=0.92, 95% CI : 0.836-0.970; with a sensitivity of 90.6% and a specificity of 86.4%), and distinguishing the operable group from the non-operable group (AUC=0.94, 95% CI : 0.884-0.998; with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 93.7%) ( Z =2.841, 2.510, and 2.387, all P < 0.05), and the optimal cut-off values were 3.12, 3.21, and 6.63, respectively. Conclusion MiR-486-5p can be used as a serum biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, and miR-486-5p combined with CA19-9 has a better clinical value than CA19-9 alone in predicting the resectability of pancreatic cancer in the patients with benign pancreatic diseases and the healthy population.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy is the most important method for cancer treatment. However, chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) has a profound effect on patients. In recent years, there have been new antiemetic drugs, such as aprepitant. We review the curative effect of aprepitant with tropisetron and dexamethasone for prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving Cisplatin chemotherapy. METHODS: Observation is divided into three stages. Whole study phase (0-120 h after chemotherapy administration), acute phases (0-24 h), and delayed phase (24 h-120 h). The primary endpoints were complete response (CR) and complete prevention (CP) during the three different study phase. RESULTS: In the whole study phase, 86.02% of patients achieved CR; in acute phases and delayed phases were 89.25%, 87.1%, respectively. CP were 46.22%, 83.87%, 45.16%, respectively. Anti-CINV effect was significantly associated with age distribution (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Aprepitant with tropisetron and dexamethasone prevented effectively CNIV for patients receiving Cisplatin chemotherapy. This combination could improve the quality of life and the compliance of patient with chemotherapy.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Aprepitant ; Cisplatin ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Quality of Life ; Vomiting ; chemically induced ; prevention & control