Triatoma rubrofasciata is currently the most widely distributed species of Triatoma worldwide, and it is also widespread in southern China. T. rubrofasciata has been proven to transmit Trypanosoma cruzi, and is one of vectors transmitting Chagas disease, which poses a potential risk for transmission of imported Chagas disease in China. Findings from latest studies have shown that T. rubrofasciata naturally infects T. lewisi, T. conorhini, and T. rangeli, which undoubtedly increases significant risks of and challenges to trypanosomiasis control in China. This article briefly describes the species of T. rubrofasciata-transmitted trypanosomes, and summarizes the epidemiological characteristics of trypanosomiasis, so as to provide insights into T. rubrofasciata-transmitted trypanosomiasis surveillance and control, and prevention of trypanosomiasis development and transmission in China.

AIM:To investigate the modulatory effects of electroacupuncture(EA)on spinal cord neurons au-tophagy in rats with bone cancer pain.METHODS:(1)Verification of autophagy-related protein expression at different time points in a bone cancer pain model:a total of 56 female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated(sham)group and a model group.The model group was further subdivided into 6 subgroups corresponding to time points of 3,6,9,12,15,and 18 d,with 8 rats per subgroup.Thermal and mechanical pain thresholds,tibial bone destruction,and spinal neuron marker neuronal nuclear antigen(NeuN)co-localized with LC3B,Beclin1,and P62 were examined in rats at each designated time point.(2)Changes in spinal autophagy proteins following EA intervention:an additional 40 rats were randomly assigned to sham group,model group,EA group,sham EA(SEA)group,and autoph-agy agonist rapamycin(Rap)group,with 8 animals per group.EA was administered to the rats in EA group beginning on day 6 after modeling,the rats in SEA group received needle insertion without electrical stimulation,while those in Rap group received intraperitoneal injections of rapamycin(5 mg/kg).Thermal pain thresholds were assessed at designated in-tervals,followed by mechanical pain threshold assessments conducted on the subsequent day.Treatment continued until day 21,with rapamycin administered at the end of each intervention day.Tibial bone destruction was evaluated using he-matoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Expression levels of LC3B Ⅱ/LC3B I,Beclin1,and P62 proteins in the spinal cord were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the Sham group,thermal and mechanical pain thresholds were significantly decreased in the model group starting from day 6(P<0.01).Rat tibial bones exhibited notable damage,with severity progressively increasing over time.Protein expression levels of LC3B Ⅱ/LC3B I,Beclin1,and P62 were significantly elevated in the spinal cord at various time points(P<0.01),and these pro-teins were co-localized with spinal cord neurons.(2)Compared with the model group,mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in the EA and Rap groups gradually increased,with statistically significant differences observed from days 8 and 6 onward,respectively(P<0.01).In addition,LC3B Ⅱ/LC3B I and Beclin1 protein expression levels were signifi-cantly upregulated(P<0.01),whereas P62 expression was markedly downregulated(P<0.01).Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significantly enhanced positive staining for LC3B Ⅱ/LC3B I and Beclin1 and significantly decreased positive staining for P62 in the spinal cord of rats in the EA and Rap groups(P<0.05).Notably,no significant differences were observed in the SEA group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:EA promotes spinal cord neurons autophagy in rats with bone cancer pain.The enhancement of autophagy may represent a potential mechanism underlying the analgesic effect of EA in bone cancer pain.

AIM:To investigate the modulatory effects of electroacupuncture(EA)on spinal cord neurons au-tophagy in rats with bone cancer pain.METHODS:(1)Verification of autophagy-related protein expression at different time points in a bone cancer pain model:a total of 56 female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated(sham)group and a model group.The model group was further subdivided into 6 subgroups corresponding to time points of 3,6,9,12,15,and 18 d,with 8 rats per subgroup.Thermal and mechanical pain thresholds,tibial bone destruction,and spinal neuron marker neuronal nuclear antigen(NeuN)co-localized with LC3B,Beclin1,and P62 were examined in rats at each designated time point.(2)Changes in spinal autophagy proteins following EA intervention:an additional 40 rats were randomly assigned to sham group,model group,EA group,sham EA(SEA)group,and autoph-agy agonist rapamycin(Rap)group,with 8 animals per group.EA was administered to the rats in EA group beginning on day 6 after modeling,the rats in SEA group received needle insertion without electrical stimulation,while those in Rap group received intraperitoneal injections of rapamycin(5 mg/kg).Thermal pain thresholds were assessed at designated in-tervals,followed by mechanical pain threshold assessments conducted on the subsequent day.Treatment continued until day 21,with rapamycin administered at the end of each intervention day.Tibial bone destruction was evaluated using he-matoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Expression levels of LC3B Ⅱ/LC3B I,Beclin1,and P62 proteins in the spinal cord were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:(1)Compared with the Sham group,thermal and mechanical pain thresholds were significantly decreased in the model group starting from day 6(P<0.01).Rat tibial bones exhibited notable damage,with severity progressively increasing over time.Protein expression levels of LC3B Ⅱ/LC3B I,Beclin1,and P62 were significantly elevated in the spinal cord at various time points(P<0.01),and these pro-teins were co-localized with spinal cord neurons.(2)Compared with the model group,mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in the EA and Rap groups gradually increased,with statistically significant differences observed from days 8 and 6 onward,respectively(P<0.01).In addition,LC3B Ⅱ/LC3B I and Beclin1 protein expression levels were signifi-cantly upregulated(P<0.01),whereas P62 expression was markedly downregulated(P<0.01).Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significantly enhanced positive staining for LC3B Ⅱ/LC3B I and Beclin1 and significantly decreased positive staining for P62 in the spinal cord of rats in the EA and Rap groups(P<0.05).Notably,no significant differences were observed in the SEA group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:EA promotes spinal cord neurons autophagy in rats with bone cancer pain.The enhancement of autophagy may represent a potential mechanism underlying the analgesic effect of EA in bone cancer pain.

Objective:To study the clinical features and genotypes of neonatal Glanzmann thrombasthenia(NGT).Methods:A male neonate with NGT admitted to the Department of Neonatology of our hospital was retrospectively reviewed. CNKI, Wangfang database, VIP, the Chinese Medical Journal Full Text database, PubMed and Embase database were searched using key words '(neonate OR newborn) AND (Glanzmann thrombasthenia)' both in English and Chinese. The clinical features and genotypes of NGT were summarized and analyzed.Results:A male full-term neonate was admitted to our hospital for mass on the forehead and ecchymosis and petechiae on the body within half an hour after birth. He gradually developed subgaleal hemorrhage and severe anemia. Platelet count, mean platelet volume and coagulation functions were normal. The platelet aggregation test indicated decreased platelet aggregation rate induced by arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate. Genetic testing revealed two heterozygous mutations in the patient's ITGA2B gene: NM_000419.4: c.886G>A(p.Gly296Arg) and NM_000419.4: c.2855dup(p.Phe953Valfs*83). A total of 42 literature involving 44 patients (our case included) with NGT were retrieved. 33 cases (75.0%) of NGT showed ecchymosis or petechiae on the first day after birth. For 13 cases with detailed information, 5 cases with severe anemia were given erythrocyte and plasma transfusion and platelet transfusion was given in 1 case. 4 cases had homozygous variants and 4 cases showed compound heterozygous variants. 10 cases had follow-up records, including 2 cases without any bleeding and 8 cases with varying degrees of bleeding during follow-up. No deaths were reported.Conclusions:Neonates with ecchymosis and petechiae in the early postnatal period should be suspected of NGT. Blood transfusion is preferred when the indication for transfusion is met.

The fixed number package management of medical consumables is an important content of SPD management mode. In the process of medical low-value consumables management, hospitals are generally faced with the problems of frequent access and low matching between push quantity and actual use quantity, resulting in complicated access operations of medical staff, shortage or hoarding of consumables and so on. In order to reduce the times of taking and using consumables and improve the comfort of medical staff, the authors dynamically adjusted the content and push quantity of fixed number packages according to the historical use data. The results showed that the adjusted fixed number setting could significantly reduce the average daily access times of medical staff, and reduce the probability of out of stock and hoarding.

Scientific management of high-value medical consumables is key to hospital development and service. By setting up a lean logistics management(SPD)platform in the hospital and decoding the international standard bar code(GS1/HIBC), the hospital has established a general coding library of high-value consumables. With RFID Internet of things technology and equipment introduced and business operation templates of each link combined, we have achieved a closed-loop management of both sides of the high-value consumables process.

Objective To analyze Professor Wu Weiping's medication rules on treating the onset of bronchial asthma based on data mining.Methods The patients'records and prescriptions of Professor Wu Weiping on treating the onset of bronchial asthma were collected and collated,and the frequency and regularity of drug combinations were researched by using the association rules of TCM inheritance support system to analyze the medication experience of Professor Wu Weiping.Results By analyzing the 249 prescriptions of 61 patients,drug properties of the prescription:cold (45.6％),warm (42.6％),bitter(37.9％),pungent (27.5％).Channel tropism:lung,spleen,liver,stomach.The top 10 herbal medicine are Qingbanxia,Chaihu,Fangfeng,Huangqin,Mahuang,Wuweizi,Wumei,Qianhu,Chishao,Kuxingren.The top 3 treatment principle is reducing phlegm,expelling wind evil and regulating qi.Xiaochaihu decoction and Guomin decoction were showed in the article.Conclusions Data dining could help to discover the rules of Professor Wu Weiping's treatment of the onset of bronchial asthma.The cold and warm drugs,acrid and bitter drugs were used together frequently,while the drugs belonging to the lung,spleen,liver and stomach meridians were used commonly.The evil of phlegm,qi and wind were paid attention to eliminate pathogen.

Objective To study the effect of diosgenin(Dio) from Dioscorea nipponica on the proliferation in mouse spleen T lymphocytes and expressions of IL-2 and IFN-γmRNA,in order to investigate the immunity regulatory mechanism of Dio.Methods T lymphocytes stimulated by different concentrations of Dio and concanavalin A(ConA) were co-cultured.CCK-8 was used to detect the Dio effects on T lymphocyte proliferation.The RT-PCR method was adopted to detect the effect of Dio on expression of IL-2 and IFN-γmRNA.Results The Dio concentration in the range of 0.937 5-15.000 0 μg/mL had the inhibiting effect on T lymphocyte proliferation,Dio concentration in the range of 3.750 0-15.000 0μg/mL had the inhibiting effect on IFN-γ and IL-2 expression in T lymphocytes.With the Dio concentration increase,the inhibition effect was enhanced(P＜0.05).7.500 0 μg/mL was the best inhibition concentration.The inhibition effect was decreased when the concentration exceeding 7.500 0 μg/mL.Conclusion Dio has the inhibiting effect on T lymphocyte proliferation and expressions of IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA.

Objective To investigate the actual cost and benefit of stoma nursing at present as a reference for the improvement of stoma care cost management program. Methods A cross sectional study was carried out in gastrointestinal surgery of a tertiary- level hospital in southwestern China from April 2014 to December 2014. The consumption of intestinal stoma care work, the average monthly income/average monthly working hours ratio and other indicators of stoma care nurse specialist were measured by the step cost allocation method, to investigate the actually cost of a single stoma care service which colostomy patients had received and analyze the gap between actually costs and charge standard of Sichuan Province. Results The directly human cost of stoma care expenses were (22.33 ± 3.66) yuan; working fee expenses were (4.18 ± 0.68) yuan;administrative expenses were (1.87 ± 1.32 ) yuan; research and education expenses were (1.87 ± 1.32 ) yuan; the total cost of investment was (29.14 ± 4.76) yuan, which was much higher than the current charge standard of Chengdu Bureau of Commodity Prices (t=119.50, P <0.05). Conclusions There is a difference between the actual cost and charge standard of stoma care. The situation of low pay to labor is not in line with economic laws, and not conducive to the future development of stoma care speciality.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of olanzapine combined with ziprasidone in the treatment of refrac-tory schizophrenia in elderly patients. METHODS:120 elderly patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into control group and study group. Control group was orally treated with Olanzapine tablet 10-20 mg,once a day;study group was orally treat-ed with Ziprasidone hydrochloride capsule 80-120 mg,twice a day+Olanzapine tablet(the usage was the same as control group). The clinical efficacy in 2 groups was evaluated after 2 weeks,PANSS score,FPG,2 h PG,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,body weight, BMI before and after treatment and incidence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS:There were no significant difference in the total efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the PANSS scores at different time point in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and 12 weeks<8 weeks<4 weeks<2 weeks,the differences were sta-tistically significant(P<0.05),however,there was no significant difference between 2 groups(P>0.05). There were not signifi-cant differences in the indexes of blood glucose and lipid,body mass and BMI in study group before and after treatment (P>0.05);after treatment,the blood glucose after 8 and 12 weeks and LDL-C,TG,TC,body mass and BMI after 4,8 and 12 weeks in control group were significantly higher than before and study group same time,the HDL-C was significantly lower than before and research group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy and safety of both olan-zapine combined with ziprasidone and olanzapine alone in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia in elderly patients is similar, however,it is better than olanzapine alone in terms of controlling blood glucose and lipid.