Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

Objective:To analyze the status of social support and the influencing factors of support utilization among general practitioners.Methods:An investigation on the status of social support and the influencing factors of support utilization was conducted among general practitioners (GPs) from 6 communities in Shanghai Minhang District selected by simple sampling method in February 2023. The investigation included a questionnaire survey containing basic information and intervention measures (emotional support, information support, tool support); and assessments of the Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS), Perceived Social Support Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Quality of Work Life Scale, Trait Coping Style Scale, and Psychological Resilience Scale. The association of social support status with various characteristics of GPs and their perceived social support and trait coping style was analyzed, and the influencing factors of social support utilization were determined.Results:A total of 184 questionnaires were distributed and 184 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 100.00%. Among the 184 participants, 55 (29.89%) had a general level of social support, and 129 (70.11%) were satisfied with their social support. The total score of SSRS was (37.49±8.41), with the objective support dimension scoring (9.67±3.42), subjective support scoring (20.04±4.52), and support utilization scoring (7.77±2.09). Univariate analysis showed significant differences in social support levels among respondents with different marital status, number of children, emotional support, informational support, instrumental support, positive coping, negative coping, psychological resilience, compassion fatigue, general self-efficacy, and perceived social support status ( P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that marital status, family support, professional skills, positive coping, and negative coping were independent influencing factors of social support. Among these factors, being married, having family care support, professional titles and skills and positive coping had a positive impact on social support levels, while negative coping had a negative impact ( P<0.05). Further stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that friend support, positive coping and family care were positive influencing factors for support utilization, while negative coping was a negative influencing factor ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The levels of social support among GPs in Minghang district of Shanghai are relatively high. Marital status, family support, professional title and skills and positive coping are positive factors for social support; and friend support, positive coping and family support are positive factors for support utilization.

Objective:To analyze the current situation of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its influencing factors among community-dwelling elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on the health ecology model (HEM).Methods:From December 2023 to September 2024, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 997 community-dwelling elderly in Beijing, Shandong, Chongqing and other regions. The EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire 5 level (EQ-5D-5L), the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used to assess the subjects.Descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tobit regression analysis were performed using Stata 18.0 software. Results:A total of 324 valid samples were finally obtained, and the health utility value of MCI elderly was 0.842(0.815, 0.951). Tobit regression analysis showed that ≥80 years old( β=-0.121, 95% CI=-0.193--0.050) in individual traits level, don't exercise( β=-0.196, 95% CI=-0.255--0.137) and poor quality of sleep ( β=-0.064, 95% CI=-0.116--0.013) in behavior characteristics level, and poor subjective economic status( β=-0.153, 95% CI=-0.261--0.045) in living and working conditions level were risk factors for the health utility value of the elderly with MCI. Drinking( β=0.096, 95% CI=0.022-0.171) in behavior characteristics level and participating in social activities( β=0.126, 95% CI=0.062-0.190) in interpersonal network level were protective factors for the health utility value of the elderly with MCI. Conclusions:The HRQOL of the community-dwelling elderly with MCI in China is low, and its influencing factors are multi-level. HEM should be combined to strengthen the intervention and management of the elderly with MCI from personal constitution to policy environment to improve their HRQOL.

Objective:To analyze the current situation of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its influencing factors among community-dwelling elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on the health ecology model (HEM).Methods:From December 2023 to September 2024, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 997 community-dwelling elderly in Beijing, Shandong, Chongqing and other regions. The EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire 5 level (EQ-5D-5L), the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used to assess the subjects.Descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tobit regression analysis were performed using Stata 18.0 software. Results:A total of 324 valid samples were finally obtained, and the health utility value of MCI elderly was 0.842(0.815, 0.951). Tobit regression analysis showed that ≥80 years old( β=-0.121, 95% CI=-0.193--0.050) in individual traits level, don't exercise( β=-0.196, 95% CI=-0.255--0.137) and poor quality of sleep ( β=-0.064, 95% CI=-0.116--0.013) in behavior characteristics level, and poor subjective economic status( β=-0.153, 95% CI=-0.261--0.045) in living and working conditions level were risk factors for the health utility value of the elderly with MCI. Drinking( β=0.096, 95% CI=0.022-0.171) in behavior characteristics level and participating in social activities( β=0.126, 95% CI=0.062-0.190) in interpersonal network level were protective factors for the health utility value of the elderly with MCI. Conclusions:The HRQOL of the community-dwelling elderly with MCI in China is low, and its influencing factors are multi-level. HEM should be combined to strengthen the intervention and management of the elderly with MCI from personal constitution to policy environment to improve their HRQOL.

Objective:To analyze the status of social support and the influencing factors of support utilization among general practitioners.Methods:An investigation on the status of social support and the influencing factors of support utilization was conducted among general practitioners (GPs) from 6 communities in Shanghai Minhang District selected by simple sampling method in February 2023. The investigation included a questionnaire survey containing basic information and intervention measures (emotional support, information support, tool support); and assessments of the Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS), Perceived Social Support Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Quality of Work Life Scale, Trait Coping Style Scale, and Psychological Resilience Scale. The association of social support status with various characteristics of GPs and their perceived social support and trait coping style was analyzed, and the influencing factors of social support utilization were determined.Results:A total of 184 questionnaires were distributed and 184 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 100.00%. Among the 184 participants, 55 (29.89%) had a general level of social support, and 129 (70.11%) were satisfied with their social support. The total score of SSRS was (37.49±8.41), with the objective support dimension scoring (9.67±3.42), subjective support scoring (20.04±4.52), and support utilization scoring (7.77±2.09). Univariate analysis showed significant differences in social support levels among respondents with different marital status, number of children, emotional support, informational support, instrumental support, positive coping, negative coping, psychological resilience, compassion fatigue, general self-efficacy, and perceived social support status ( P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that marital status, family support, professional skills, positive coping, and negative coping were independent influencing factors of social support. Among these factors, being married, having family care support, professional titles and skills and positive coping had a positive impact on social support levels, while negative coping had a negative impact ( P<0.05). Further stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that friend support, positive coping and family care were positive influencing factors for support utilization, while negative coping was a negative influencing factor ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The levels of social support among GPs in Minghang district of Shanghai are relatively high. Marital status, family support, professional title and skills and positive coping are positive factors for social support; and friend support, positive coping and family support are positive factors for support utilization.

ObjectiveTo explore the longitudinal measurement invariance of standardized Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire （CCMQ） among Chinese adult populations， and to provide evidence for the longitudinal effect analysis of this questionnaire. MethodsA total of 509 adults who voluntarily received 26 weeks of comprehensive traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） constitution fitness intervention were included （3 time points： before intervention， 13 weeks intervention， and 26 weeks intervention）， evaluated by CCMQ with 9 subscales. A single-group confirmatory factor analysis was performed to establish a single-group baseline model with a well-fitting model， and then nested models， that is multiple groups of confirmatory factors analysis， are used to analyze the longitudinal measurement invariance， followed by configural invariance， metric invariance， scalar invariance， and strict invariance. Comparative Fit Index （CFI）， Root Mean Square Error of Approximation （RMSEA）， and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual （SRMR） were used as model fit indicators for the analysis. ResultsThe single-group confirmatory factors analysis proved that the 9 subscales of CCMQ fit well at the three time points （CFI： 0.933~0.992， RMSEA： 0.027~0.080， SRMR： 0.022~0.045）. The multiple-group confirmatory factors analysis showed that the configural， metric， scalar， and strict invariance across time of qi-stagnation and special diathesis constitution were established （ΔCFI＜0.01， ΔRMSEA＜0.01）； the configural， metric， scalar， and partial strict invariance across time of phlegm-dampness constitution subscale were established （ΔCFI＜0.01， ΔRMSEA＜0.01）； the configural， metric， partial scalar and partial strict invariance of 6 subscales， including gentleness， qi-deficiency， yang-deficiency， yin-deficiency， dampness-heat， and blood-stasis constitutions， were all established （ΔCFI＜0.01， ΔRMSEA＜0.01）. ConclusionThe CCMQ met at least metric invariance at 3 time points， which can be applied to the study of whether different time points have the same unit or meaning. The measurement invariance of the 3 subscales of phlegm-dampness， qi-stagnation and special diathesis， special diathesis have longitudinal measurement invariance， so the mean comparison over time could be made； while the 6 subscales of gentleness， qi-deficiency， yang-deficiency， yin-deficiency， dampness-heat， and blood-stasis constitutions meet partial scalar and partial strict invariance， which could be explained partially for the difference in the comparison of the mean over time.

ObjectiveTo present the health status of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） constitutions more intuitively and comprehensively based on improved radar chart. MethodsParticipants who completed a 26-week comprehensive intervention based on TCM constitution from February 2013 to January 2014 in Zhuhai branch of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine were included in the study. They were divided into groups according to gender and age， i.e. young， middle-aged， and elderly male and female groups. TCM constitution scale and health survey short form （SF-36） were used to evaluate the 9 basic TCM constitution types and quality of life at three time points， including pre-intervention （T1）， at 13-week intervention （T2）， and at 26-week intervention （T3）. The improved radar charts were drawn to visually present the comprehensive evaluation results on the health status of 9 TCM constitutions， and graphic features （area S value， perimeter L value） were extracted to construct a comprehensive health index for TCM constitutions （H value）. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between H value and SF-36 total score. ResultsAmong the included 509 participants， there were 45 elderly male， 76 elderly female， 60 middle-aged male， 140 middle-aged female， 53 young male and 135 young female. The radar charts for comprehensive evaluation of TCM constitution health status showed that the total areas for all groups increased at T3 compared to T1， with the most significant increase in the young population. In the middle-aged population， the fan-shaped areas of certain constitutions decreased at T2 than T1. At T3， the radar chart shapes for females were more balanced than males in the same age group. By calculating the features of function graphs， it was found that the S， L， and H values for the elderly population were relatively higher than those for the middle-aged and young population with the same gender， and the young population increased by highest ratio. The values measured at T3 compared to T1 showed average increase of 26% for S value （11% for the middle-aged and 14% for the elderly）， 22% for L value （10% for the middle-aged and the elderly each）， and 22% for H value （10% for the middle-aged and 9% for the elderly）. The female had lower S and L values， as well as higher H value than the male of the same age group measured at T3. The correlation coefficient between the H value of all participants and the total SF-36 score was 0.662 （P＜0.01）. ConclusionThe comprehensive evaluation model for the health status of TCM constitution based on the improved radar chart constructed in this study can present the health status of TCM constitutions and intervention effectiveness more comprehensively and intuitively. It is suggested to regulate the constitution in pursuit of the dynamic balance of the constitution health status， as well as consider the parts from the whole， and put focus on the balance of nine TCM constitutions.

Objective:To evaluate the quality and reporting standards of the ketogenic diet guidelines and consensuses in children with refractory epilepsy at home and abroad.Methods:A systematic search was conducted using the English and Chinese keywords for screening relevant guidelines and expert consensus on the Guidelines International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center for Evidence-Based Health Care in Australia, DynaMed Evidence-Based Medicine Database, American Academy of Neurology, American Epilepsy Society, International League Against Epilepsy, Child Neurology Society, European Paediatric Neurology Society, International Ketogenic Diet Research Group, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, etc. The search period was from establishment of databases to August 13, 2021. The quality of the guidelines was evaluated using the The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and EvaluationⅡ, and the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in healthcare was used to evaluate the reporting standards of guidelines. The JBI Center for Evidence-based Health Care Quality Evaluation tool was used to evaluate the quality of expert consensuses, and the National Institutes of Health Reporting Standards was used to evaluate the reporting standards of expert consensuses.Results:A total of 1 864 literatures were searched initially. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and reading the literature content, 13 literatures were selected, and after manual search, 1 literature was supplemented. Finally, a total of 14 literatures were obtained, including 7 guidelines and 7 expert consensuses. The quality evaluation results showed that 2 guidelines were grade A, 2 guidelines were grade B and 3 guidelines were grade C. 5 expert consensuses were rated "Yes" in the six items of quality evaluation. The results of the evaluation of reporting norms showed that the seven expert consensus reports were of poor quality; the higher the methodological quality rating of the guidelines, the better their reporting quality.Conclusions:The overall quality of the 14 guidelines and expert consensuses included is high, and attention should be paid to research quality in terms of application and participants. The reporting standards need to be further improved, and in the future, researchers can pay more attention to the reporting standards in the process of formulating guidelines and expert consensus, achieving a more rigorous research process and better applying evidence to clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effect of SBi4211 (heptamidine), an inhibitor of S100B, against central nervous system injury induced by HIV-1 envelope protein gp120. METHODS: In an RESULTS: In the cell co-culture system, SBi4211 treatment significantly inhibited gp120-induced expression of S100B, RAGE and GFAP in U251 cells ( CONCLUSIONS SBi4211 can protect neurons from gp120-induced neurotoxicity possibly by inhibiting the S100B/ RAGE-mediated signaling pathway.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; Blotting, Western ; Central Nervous System ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; Mice ; Neurons ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo differentiate patients with esophageal cancer or premalignant lesions from the high-risk population for preliminary screening of esophageal cancer using a feature index determined by a computer-aided tongue information acquisition and processing system (DS01-B).

METHODSTotally, 213 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer or premalignant lesions and 2,840 normal subjects were collected including primarily screened and reexamined, all of them were confirmed with histological examinations. Their tongue color space values and manifestation features were extracted by DS01-B and analyzed. Firstly, the analysis of variance was performed to differentiate normal subjects from patients with esophageal cancer and premalignant lesions. Secondly, the logistic regression was conducted using 10 features and gender, age to get a predictive equation of the possibility of esophageal cancer or premalignant lesions. Lastly, the equation was tested by subjects undergoing primary screening.

RESULTSSaturation (S) values in the HSV color space showed significant differences between patients with esophageal cancer and normal subjects or those with mild atypical hyperplasia (P<0.05); blue-to-yellow (b) values in the Lab color space showed significant differences between patients with esophageal cancer or premalignant lesions and normal subjects (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the computer-aided tongue inspection approach had an accuracy of 72.3% (2008/2776) in identifying patients with esophageal cancer or premalignant lesions for preliminary screening in high-risk population.

CONCLUSIONComputer-aided tongue inspection, with descriptive and quantitative profile as described in this study, could be applied as a cost- and timeefficient, non-invasive approach for preliminary screening of esophageal cancer in high-risk population.