Objective: To develop a quality appraisal tool for case reports in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on their characteristics. [Methods]: An extensive literature search was conducted in Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Science and Technology Journal Database (CSTJ), focusing on expert consensus statements and checklists for TCM case reports. Relevant items were extracted, and a Delphi method involving 34 experts was used in two rounds to rate each item on a 5-point Likert scale. Items were screened based on measures of central tendency and coordination (including total score, mean score, percentage of items rated as unimportant, and coefficient of variation). The weighted average method was used to determine item weights and construct the appraisal tool. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficient. The finalized tool was pilot-tested by two reviewers independently appraising 20 case reports, with an additional four reviewers evaluating 5 of these cases to compare inter-rater consistency. Results: A total of 9 513 articles were retrieved, and 96 items from 25 articles were extracted. After two rounds of the Delphi method, 27 items across 10 domains were retained. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.72 in the first round (acceptable range), and 0.96 in the second round, indicating strong internal consistency. The tool was piloted by six reviewers, achieving a kappa value of 0.663 and a Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of 0.845, demonstrating high consistency among reviewers. Conclusion The developed TCM case report quality appraisal tool, consisting of 27 items in 10 domains, offers a scientific and reliable means of assessing the quality of TCM case reports. The tool showed high consistency and practical utility, and its application is expected to enhance the standardization, scientific rigor, and evidence quality of TCM case reports, facilitating the integration of traditional medical knowledge with modern evidence-based standards.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

AIM:To investigate the effects of semaglutide on inflammation and autophagy in hu-man AC16 cardiomyocytes under hypoxia/reoxy-genation conditions.METHODS:AC16 cells were randomly divided into four groups:control(CON),hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R),hypoxia/reoxygen-ation+semaglutide(H/R+SEM),and hypoxia/reoxy-genation+semaglutide+3-MA(H/R+SEM+3-MA).All groups except CON underwent 8 hours of hypoxia followed by 12 hours of reoxygenation.Cell viabili-ty was measured by CCK-8.Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were assessed by ELISA.Western blot analysis evaluated AMPK,p-AMPK,mTOR,p-mTOR,ULK1,p-ULK1,Beclin-1,and LC3.Autophagosomes were an-alyzed using laser confocal microscopy and trans-mission electron microscopy.The structure of au-tophagosome and autolysosome was observed by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS:IL-1βand TNF-α levels increased significantly in the H/R group compared to CON(P＜0.01)but decreased in the H/R+SEM group(P＜0.01).In the H/R+SEM+3-MA group,inflammatory levels increased com-pared to the H/R+SEM(P＜0.05).Compared with the CON group,p-AMPK/AMPK and p-ULK1/ULK1 ratios increased significantly in the H/R group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The ratios further increased in the H/R+SEM group compared to H/R(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).But the two ratios decreased in the H/R+SEM+3-MA group compared to H/R+SEM(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The pmTOR/mTOR had the opposite trend to the two previous ratios.The expression of Beclin1 and LC3 were significantly increased in group H/R com-pared to CON(P＜0.05),and which further in-creased in the H/R+SEM group compared to H/R(P＜0.01).But the two indicators decreased in the H/R+SEM+3-MA group compared to H/R+SEM(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Laser confocal microscopy revealed increased autophagosome numbers in H/R group compared to CON(P＜0.05),and which further in-creased in the H/R+SEM group compared to H/R(P＜0.01).While the H/R+SEM+3-MA group showed a decrease compared to H/R+SEM(P＜0.05).CON-CLUSION:Semaglutide may moderate regulate au-tophagy through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway,re-duce the release of inflammatory factors,and alle-viate hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced inflammatory injury.

AIM:To explore the mechanism of berberine on breast cancer cells based on network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiments.METH-ODS:Firstly,berberine and breast cancer were tak-en as the research objects,the intersection targets of the two were screened by VEEN diagram,GO function and KEGG enrichment analysis were per-formed by R language,and molecular docking and visualization were carried out by Autodock Vina and Pymol software.Then,berberine treated breast cancer MCF-7 cells for 24 h,and then in vi-tro cell experiments were performed.CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability,Edu and plate cloning were used to detect cell proliferation and cloning,and apoptosis was detected by An-nexin V-FITC/PI double staining and Western blot.Laser confocal and CETSA were used to verify the binding effect of berberine and AKT1 protein.RESULTS:The results of network pharmacology showed that berberine had a good binding to the core targets AKT1,AKT2 and MAPK3.Berberine(20,40,80 μmol/L)signifi-cantly inhibited the proliferation and cloning ability of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent man-ner(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The results of laser confocal and CETSA experiments showed that berberine and AKT1 had a binding effect,and the stability of the two was enhanced after the combination.CONCLU-SION:Berberine inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by targeting binding to AKT1 protein.

AIM:To investigate the effects of semaglutide on inflammation and autophagy in hu-man AC16 cardiomyocytes under hypoxia/reoxy-genation conditions.METHODS:AC16 cells were randomly divided into four groups:control(CON),hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R),hypoxia/reoxygen-ation+semaglutide(H/R+SEM),and hypoxia/reoxy-genation+semaglutide+3-MA(H/R+SEM+3-MA).All groups except CON underwent 8 hours of hypoxia followed by 12 hours of reoxygenation.Cell viabili-ty was measured by CCK-8.Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were assessed by ELISA.Western blot analysis evaluated AMPK,p-AMPK,mTOR,p-mTOR,ULK1,p-ULK1,Beclin-1,and LC3.Autophagosomes were an-alyzed using laser confocal microscopy and trans-mission electron microscopy.The structure of au-tophagosome and autolysosome was observed by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS:IL-1βand TNF-α levels increased significantly in the H/R group compared to CON(P＜0.01)but decreased in the H/R+SEM group(P＜0.01).In the H/R+SEM+3-MA group,inflammatory levels increased com-pared to the H/R+SEM(P＜0.05).Compared with the CON group,p-AMPK/AMPK and p-ULK1/ULK1 ratios increased significantly in the H/R group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The ratios further increased in the H/R+SEM group compared to H/R(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).But the two ratios decreased in the H/R+SEM+3-MA group compared to H/R+SEM(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).The pmTOR/mTOR had the opposite trend to the two previous ratios.The expression of Beclin1 and LC3 were significantly increased in group H/R com-pared to CON(P＜0.05),and which further in-creased in the H/R+SEM group compared to H/R(P＜0.01).But the two indicators decreased in the H/R+SEM+3-MA group compared to H/R+SEM(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Laser confocal microscopy revealed increased autophagosome numbers in H/R group compared to CON(P＜0.05),and which further in-creased in the H/R+SEM group compared to H/R(P＜0.01).While the H/R+SEM+3-MA group showed a decrease compared to H/R+SEM(P＜0.05).CON-CLUSION:Semaglutide may moderate regulate au-tophagy through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway,re-duce the release of inflammatory factors,and alle-viate hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced inflammatory injury.

AIM:To explore the mechanism of berberine on breast cancer cells based on network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiments.METH-ODS:Firstly,berberine and breast cancer were tak-en as the research objects,the intersection targets of the two were screened by VEEN diagram,GO function and KEGG enrichment analysis were per-formed by R language,and molecular docking and visualization were carried out by Autodock Vina and Pymol software.Then,berberine treated breast cancer MCF-7 cells for 24 h,and then in vi-tro cell experiments were performed.CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability,Edu and plate cloning were used to detect cell proliferation and cloning,and apoptosis was detected by An-nexin V-FITC/PI double staining and Western blot.Laser confocal and CETSA were used to verify the binding effect of berberine and AKT1 protein.RESULTS:The results of network pharmacology showed that berberine had a good binding to the core targets AKT1,AKT2 and MAPK3.Berberine(20,40,80 μmol/L)signifi-cantly inhibited the proliferation and cloning ability of MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent man-ner(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The results of laser confocal and CETSA experiments showed that berberine and AKT1 had a binding effect,and the stability of the two was enhanced after the combination.CONCLU-SION:Berberine inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by targeting binding to AKT1 protein.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the determination of fourteen fluorescent whitening agents in cosmetics by HPLC-MS/MS. METHODS Samples were extracted on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC ®BEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm) column after ultrasonic extracted by DMF with the mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% ammonia water solution by gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1. The column temperature was 40 ℃. MS was performed using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization source was operated in the positive/negative mode using multiple reaction monitoring scanning mode. RESULTS The results showed that there were good linear relationships for the fluorescent whitening agents in a certain concentration range with correlation coefficients(r) greater than 0.99. The limits of quantification were 0.01-20 μg·g-1 and the limits of detection were 0.004-8 μg·g-1. The average recoveries at three spiked levels were in the range of 85.4%-108.9%, and the relative standard deviation were in the range of 0.3%-7.2%. CONCLUSION The method has high sensitivity, strong specificity, simple and convenient operation, and is suitable for the detection of fourteen fluorescent whitening agents in cosmetics.

OBJECTIVE To study the unknown impurity in potassium aspartate and magnesium aspartate injection by heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-LC-Q-TOF-MS). METHODS The Waters ACQUITY UPLC 2D system and Xevo G2-XS QTof-MS system were used. One- dimensional chromatographic conditions were as listed. An Agilent ZORBAX-NH2 column was used, and potassium dihydrogen thophosphate(0.05 mol·L-1)-acetonitrile(37∶63) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.3 mL·min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 200 nm. Two-dimensional chromatographic conditions were as listed. A Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column was used, and 0.1% formic acid solution(ESI+)/5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate(ESI-) as the mobile phase A, and acetonitrile as the mobile phase B, in gradient mode. The mass spectrometry used an electro spray ionization source(ESI) for positive and negative ion mode detection. RESULTS Combined the high resolution mass, MS2 fragment ions and the UNIFI software, the possible structure of the unknown impurity in potassium aspartate and magnesium aspartate injection was infered. CONCLUSION The 2D-LC-Q-TOF-MS method can be used to identify impurities in potassium aspartate and magnesium aspartate injection, which provides reference for the improvement of quality control and process optimization of potassium aspartate and magnesium aspartate injection.