Objective:To investigate the differences of close and distance strabismus degree and spherical equivalence of the students with intermittent exotropia (IXT), exophoria and orthophoria in physical examination of civil aviation recruitment.Methods:The ophthalmic examination data of 13 551 students, who failed in ophthalmology examination of civil aviation recruitment in Chengdu Civil Aviation Medical Center during 2016 to 2020, were collected and analyzed. The yearly trends of their visual, diopter and strabismus failure rates were analyzed. From 2019 to 2020, 69 cases of IXT without vertical strabismus (IXT group), 155 cases of exophoria (exophoria group) and 114 cases of orthophoria (orthophoria group) were found in ophthalmic examination. IXT group was further divided into well-controlled group (55 cases) and badly-controlled group (14 cases) by the eye position controlling ability. Exophoria group was further divided into close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group (98 cases) and >-6 Δ group (57 cases). The myopia rate, spherical equivalent, distance strabismus degree were compared respectively between the well-controlled group and badly-controlled group, close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group and >-6 Δ group, and well-controlled group and close strabismus >-6 Δ group. Results:From 2016 to 2020, the failure rates of diopter and strabismus among the unqualified students in ophthalmology examination of civil aviation recruitment showed an increasing trend. There were significant differences on the degrees of myopia and distance strabismus among different eye position groups ( χ2/ F=93.23, 44.94, 94.04, 365.63, all P<0.001). The spherical equivalence and distance strabismus degree in exophoria group were higher than those in IXT group (both P<0.05). The myopia rate and distance strabismus degree in orthophoria group were lower than those in IXT and exophoria groups (all P<0.05), and the spherical equivalence was higher than that in IXT and exophoria groups (both P<0.05). There were significant differences in diopter detection rates (all P<0.05). Compared with the badly-controlled group, the spherical equivalence of the well-controlled group was lower and the distance strabismus degree was higher, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.24, 2.89, both P<0.05). Compared with the close strabismus >-6 Δ group, the close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group had higher distance strabismus degree, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.72, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in myopia rate and spherical equivalence between the 2 groups. The spherical equivalence and the distance strabismus degree of the well-controlled group were lower than those of the close strabismus >-6 Δ group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.23, 14.90, P=0.001, <0.001), while there was no significant difference in myopia rate between the 2 groups. Conclusions:The myopia rate and the degree of myopia and distance strabismus in IXT group are the highest, followed by esotropia and orthotropic group.

Objective:To investigate the differences of close and distance strabismus degree and spherical equivalence of the students with intermittent exotropia (IXT), exophoria and orthophoria in physical examination of civil aviation recruitment.Methods:The ophthalmic examination data of 13 551 students, who failed in ophthalmology examination of civil aviation recruitment in Chengdu Civil Aviation Medical Center during 2016 to 2020, were collected and analyzed. The yearly trends of their visual, diopter and strabismus failure rates were analyzed. From 2019 to 2020, 69 cases of IXT without vertical strabismus (IXT group), 155 cases of exophoria (exophoria group) and 114 cases of orthophoria (orthophoria group) were found in ophthalmic examination. IXT group was further divided into well-controlled group (55 cases) and badly-controlled group (14 cases) by the eye position controlling ability. Exophoria group was further divided into close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group (98 cases) and >-6 Δ group (57 cases). The myopia rate, spherical equivalent, distance strabismus degree were compared respectively between the well-controlled group and badly-controlled group, close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group and >-6 Δ group, and well-controlled group and close strabismus >-6 Δ group. Results:From 2016 to 2020, the failure rates of diopter and strabismus among the unqualified students in ophthalmology examination of civil aviation recruitment showed an increasing trend. There were significant differences on the degrees of myopia and distance strabismus among different eye position groups ( χ2/ F=93.23, 44.94, 94.04, 365.63, all P<0.001). The spherical equivalence and distance strabismus degree in exophoria group were higher than those in IXT group (both P<0.05). The myopia rate and distance strabismus degree in orthophoria group were lower than those in IXT and exophoria groups (all P<0.05), and the spherical equivalence was higher than that in IXT and exophoria groups (both P<0.05). There were significant differences in diopter detection rates (all P<0.05). Compared with the badly-controlled group, the spherical equivalence of the well-controlled group was lower and the distance strabismus degree was higher, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.24, 2.89, both P<0.05). Compared with the close strabismus >-6 Δ group, the close strabismus ≤-6 Δ group had higher distance strabismus degree, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.72, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in myopia rate and spherical equivalence between the 2 groups. The spherical equivalence and the distance strabismus degree of the well-controlled group were lower than those of the close strabismus >-6 Δ group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.23, 14.90, P=0.001, <0.001), while there was no significant difference in myopia rate between the 2 groups. Conclusions:The myopia rate and the degree of myopia and distance strabismus in IXT group are the highest, followed by esotropia and orthotropic group.

Objective To evaluate the visual quality and functions of the civil pilots after corneal refractive surgery (CRS) and to explore the safety and long-term stability of CRS.Methods Two hundred and ninety-seven pilots,who were treated in Ophthalmology Department of West China Hospital,Sichuan University,were selected as subjects in this study.Their visual acuity,refraction,corneal topography,contrast sensitivity and break-up time (BUT) were detected and the subjective questionnaires were surveyed.The pilots were divided by spherical equivalent (SE) into emmetropia group:the SE of any eye was ≤+0.50 D or ≥-0.50 D,refractive error group:the SE of any eye was-0.75--6.00 D and CRS group:the pilots had the history of CRS.Results ①There were 99 pilots (198 eyes) in emmetropia group [SE (0.00±0.50) D];90 pilots (180 eyes) in refractive error group [SE (-2.06±1.75) D];108 pilots (216 eyes) in CRS group [SE (0.00±0.74) D].The SE of 68.1％ pilots in CRS group was within ±0.50 D,90.3％ pilots was with in ±1.00 D.②The uncorrected visual acuity of 85.6％ pilots (185 eyes) of CRS group was ≥1.0 while 98.6％ pilots (213 eyes) achieved ≥0.5.③There were significant differences on BUT,glare contrast sensitivity function-12,corneal astigmatism,surface asymmetry index (SAI) among 3 groups (H =6.910-26.075,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the index of visual quality between emmetropes and CRS group except BUT and SAI (H =2.465,4.449,P＜0.017).There were no significant differences in symptom,social activity,mental and psychology domains between emmetropes and CRS group (P＞0.017).Conclusions The long-term visual quality and functions of the pilots by CRS show stable effects and compatible to the criteria of emmetropic pilots.

Objective To evaluate the visual quality and functions of the civil pilots after corneal refractive surgery (CRS) and to explore the safety and long-term stability of CRS.Methods Two hundred and ninety-seven pilots,who were treated in Ophthalmology Department of West China Hospital,Sichuan University,were selected as subjects in this study.Their visual acuity,refraction,corneal topography,contrast sensitivity and break-up time (BUT) were detected and the subjective questionnaires were surveyed.The pilots were divided by spherical equivalent (SE) into emmetropia group:the SE of any eye was ≤+0.50 D or ≥-0.50 D,refractive error group:the SE of any eye was-0.75--6.00 D and CRS group:the pilots had the history of CRS.Results ①There were 99 pilots (198 eyes) in emmetropia group [SE (0.00±0.50) D];90 pilots (180 eyes) in refractive error group [SE (-2.06±1.75) D];108 pilots (216 eyes) in CRS group [SE (0.00±0.74) D].The SE of 68.1％ pilots in CRS group was within ±0.50 D,90.3％ pilots was with in ±1.00 D.②The uncorrected visual acuity of 85.6％ pilots (185 eyes) of CRS group was ≥1.0 while 98.6％ pilots (213 eyes) achieved ≥0.5.③There were significant differences on BUT,glare contrast sensitivity function-12,corneal astigmatism,surface asymmetry index (SAI) among 3 groups (H =6.910-26.075,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the index of visual quality between emmetropes and CRS group except BUT and SAI (H =2.465,4.449,P＜0.017).There were no significant differences in symptom,social activity,mental and psychology domains between emmetropes and CRS group (P＞0.017).Conclusions The long-term visual quality and functions of the pilots by CRS show stable effects and compatible to the criteria of emmetropic pilots.

OBJECTIVE To explore the outcomes of CO2 laser assisted stapedotomy with artificial stapes prostheses in the treatment of advanced otosclerosis. METHODS Between January 2010 and January 2014, 15 patients (16 ears) diagnosed as advanced otosclerosis accepted CO2 laser assisted stapedotomy with artificial stapes implantation in our department. The averaged preoperative air conduction threshold of the speech frequency was 70.21 dB HL, the averaged bone conduction threshold was 38.49 dB HL, the averaged air-bone gap (ABG) was 31.72 dB HL. All cases were followed up for more than 6 months after operation. RESULTS All cases accepted auditory follow up after 6 months postoperatively. The speech frequency average air conduction threshold was 43.7 dB HL, the average bone conduction threshold was 28.95 dB HL, the average ABG was 14.75 dB HL. The ABG≤20 dB was achieved in 9 ears (56.3%) and ABG closure (≤10 dB) was achieved in 6 ears (37.5%). No cases appeared intractable vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, secondary facial paralysis and other serious complications. CONCLUSION CO2 laser assisted technique reduced the probability of serious complications of stapedotomy, most patients with hearing level improved significantly. It's a safe, practical, relatively economical choice for advanced otosclerosis.

Human astrovirus (HastV) is recognized as one of the leading causes of acute viral diarrhea in infants. The HastV non-structural protein, nsPla, and C-terminal protein, nsPla/4, contain various conserved functional domains,and may play an important role in virus replication, transcription and the virus-host interactions of HastV. This study used an E. coli system to investigate the expression of nsPla and nsPla/4 proteins. Firstly,the nsPla and nsPla/4 genes of HAstV-1 were cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector,PGEX-4T-1, to build the PGEX-4T-1a and PGEX-4T-la/4 fusion protein plasmids. Then, the recombinant plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The optimal expression conditions of the two fusion proteins were identified and then analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the pGEX-4T-la fusion protein was maximally expressed at 30 °C after 12 hours of induction with 1.0 mM IPTG. The pGEX-4T-la/4 fusion protein was maximally expressed at 20 °C after 8 hours of induction with 0.5 mM IPTG. Western blot analysis showed that the two fusion proteins specificity reacted with the anti-nsPla and anti-GST monoclonal antibodies, respectively. This study successfully obtained the HAstV non-structural protein, nsP1a, and its C-terminal protein nsP1a/4 protein using an E. coli system. This novel study lays the foundation for future research into the pathogenic mechanisms of human astrovirus and the functions of its non-structural protein.
Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Mamastrovirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism