Objective: To investigate the representability and etiological diagnostic value of myocardium samples obtained from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by transthoracic echocardiography-guided percutaneous intramyocardial septal biopsy (myocardial biopsy of Liwen procedure). Methods: This study was a retrospective case-series analysis. Patients with HCM, who underwent myocardial biopsy of Liwen procedure and radiofrequency ablation in Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University from July to December 2019, were included. Demographic data (age, sex), echocardiographic data and complications were collected through electronic medical record system. The histological and echocardiographic features, pathological characteristics of the biopsied myocardium of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 21 patients (aged (51.2±14.5) years and 13 males (61.9%)) were enrolled. The thickness of ventricular septum was (23.3±4.5)mm and the left ventricular outflow tract gradient was (78.8±42.6)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Eight patients (38.1%) were complicated with hypertension, 1 patient (4.8%) had diabetes, and 2 patients (9.5%) had atrial fibrillation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of myocardial samples of HCM patients before radiofrequency ablation evidenced myocytes hypertrophy, myocytes disarray, nuclear hyperchromatism, hypertrophy, atypia, coronary microvessel abnormalities, adipocyte infiltration, inflammatory cell infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuoles, lipofuscin deposition. Interstitial fibrosis and replacement fibrosis were detected in Masson stained biopsy samples. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of myocardial samples of HCM patients after radiofrequency ablation showed significantly reduced myocytes, cracked nuclear in myocytes, coagulative necrosis, border disappearance and nuclear fragmentation. Quantitative analysis of myocardial specimens of HCM patients before radiofrequency ablation showed that there were 9 cases (42.9%) with mild myocardial hypertrophy and 12 cases (57.1%) with severe myocardial hypertrophy. Mild, moderate and severe fibrosis were 5 (23.8%), 9 (42.9%) and 7 (33.3%), respectively. Six cases (28.6%) had myocytes disarray. There were 11 cases (52.4%) of coronary microvessel abnormalities, 4 cases (19.0%) of adipocyte infiltration, 2 cases (9.5%) of inflammatory cell infiltration,6 cases (28.5%) of cytoplasmic vacuole, 16 cases (76.2%) of lipofuscin deposition. The diameter of cardiac myocytes was (25.2±2.8)μm, and the percentage of collagen fiber area was 5.2%(3.0%, 14.6%). One patient had severe replacement fibrosis in the myocardium, with a fibrotic area of 67.0%. The rest of the patients had interstitial fibrosis. The myocardial specimens of 13 patients were examined by transmission electron microscopy. All showed increased myofibrils, and 9 cases had disorder of myofibrils. All patients had irregular shape of myocardial nucleus, partial depression, mild mitochondrial swelling, fracture and reduction of mitochondrial crest, and local aggregation of myofibrillary interfascicles. One patient had hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, but the arrangement of muscle fibers was roughly normal. There were vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and Periodic acid-Schiff staining was positive. Transmission electron microscopy showed large range of glycogen deposition in the cytoplasm, with occasional double membrane surround, which was highly indicative of glycogen storage disease. No deposition of glycolipid substance in lysozyme was observed under transmission electron microscope in all myocardial specimens, which could basically eliminate Fabry disease. No apple green substance was found under polarized light after Congo red staining, which could basically exclude cardiac amyloidosis. Conclusion: Myocardium biopsied samples obtained by Liwen procedure of HCM patients are representative and helpful for the etiological diagnosis of HCM.
Biopsy/adverse effects* ; Cardiomegaly/pathology* ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis* ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Fibrosis ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Lipofuscin ; Male ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies

In order to discover lifespan-extending compounds made from natural resources, activity-guided fractionation of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) ethanol extract was performed using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model system. The compound 6-gingerol was isolated from the most active ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and showed potent longevity-promoting activity. It also elevated the survival rate of worms against stressful environment including thermal, osmotic, and oxidative conditions. Additionally, 6-gingerol elevated the antioxidant enzyme activities of C. elegans, and showed a dose-depend reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in worms. Further studies demonstrated that the increased stress tolerance of 6-gingerol-mediated worms could result from the promotion of stress resistance proteins such as heat shock protein (HSP-16.2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-3). The lipofuscin levels in 6-gingerol treated intestinal worms were decreased in comparison to the control group. No significant 6-gingerol-related changes, including growth, food intake, reproduction, and movement were noted. These results suggest that 6-gingerol exerted longevity-promoting activities independently of these factors and could extend the human lifespan.
Caenorhabditis elegans* ; Caenorhabditis* ; Eating ; Ethanol ; Ginger* ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Humans ; Lipofuscin ; Longevity* ; Natural Resources ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Reproduction ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Wu-He Dipsacus asper (WHDA), Traditional Chinese Medicine, injection on mice-aging model induced by D-galactose.

METHODSForty-eight Kunming mice (24 male and 24 female) were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive control group, 7.2 g/kg WHDA group, 3.6 g/kg WHDA group and 1.8 g/kg WHDA group with eight in each group. The model was induced through injecting D-galactose into peritoneal cavity and Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and cognitive ability of mice. The skin hydroxyproline, brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), lipofuscin (LP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels of mice were detected; the IL-2 and IL-6 levels in serum of mice were detected by using double antibody sandwich ELISA method.

RESULTSEach WHDA group was significantly reduced in latency period compared with the model group during Morris water maze test (P < 0.05) and the number of mice in model group through the platform was less than other mice in each group (P < 0.05). The levels of MAD and LP of the control group and each WHDA group were less than model group in the detection of heart, brain tissue oxidation index (SOD, MAD, LP and GSH-Px, P < 0.05). The activity of SOD and GSH-Px in the control group and each WHDA group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05). The skin hydroxyproline content of mice which had been injected with D-galactose was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05) and the skin hydroxyproline content of mice of WHDA group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05). The IL-2, IL-6 levels in serum of mice in WHDA group were significantly higher than those in the control group and the model group (P < 0.05) and the IL-2, IL-6 levels in serum of mice in the model group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe effective constituents of WHDA have a variety of biological activity which can have a good effect on anti-aging by different ways, improving learning and memory function, eliminating free radicals antioxidant, and enhancing the body immunity and other aspects.

Aging ; drug effects ; physiology ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Dipsacaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Galactose ; toxicity ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Hydroxyproline ; metabolism ; Interleukins ; blood ; Learning ; drug effects ; Lipofuscin ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Memory ; drug effects ; Mice ; Skin ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDFundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is a fast and noninvasive technique developed over the last decade. The authors utilized fluorescent properties of lipofuscin to study the health and viability of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-photoreceptor complex. Observing the intensity and distribution of FAF of various retinal diseases is helpful for ascertaining diagnosis and evaluating prognosis. In this study, we described the FAF characteristics of cystoid macular edema (CME).

METHODSSixty-two patients (70 eyes) with CME were subjected to FAF and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) by a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 (HRA2)). Characteristics of FAF images were compared with FFA images.

RESULTSFAF intensity in normal subjects was highest at the posterior pole and dipped at the fovea. All cases of CME showed fluorescein dye accumulated into honeycomb-like spaces in macular and formated a typical petaloid pattern or atypical petaloid pattern in the late phases of the angiography. Sixty-one eyes with CME on FAF images showed mild or moderate hyperautofluorescence petaloid pattern in fovea, the FAF patterns of these CME was perfectly corresponding with shape in their FFA images; nine eyes with CME secondary to exudative age related macular degeneration (AMD) showed expansion of the hypoautofluorescence without petaloid pattern in macula.

CONCLUSIONFAF imaging can be used as a new rapid, non-invasive and ancillary technique in the diagnosis of the majority of CME, except for AMD and small part of other fundus diseases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; methods ; Fluorescence ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Lipofuscin ; metabolism ; Macular Edema ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of reducing cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity with DWP-04 that is the compound of Schizandrin C derivative biphenyldimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB), glutathione and selenium. For the purpose of observation is that how DWP-04 has influence on mechanism of reducing cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity with renal function test, free radical formation and detoxification enzyme system in renal tissue. METHODS: Five groups of rats were dosed with vehicle, cisplatin (2 mg/kg i.p.), cisplatin+DWP-04 (100, 200 mg/kg po), or cisplatin+sodium thiosulfate (200 mg/kg i.p.) daily for 4 weeks. RESULTS: Serum creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase and activity of hydroxy radical increased in the cisplatin group and suppressed in the cisplatin+DWP-04 group compared to the cisplatin group. The renal tissue concentration of lipid peroxidase and lipofuscin were increased in the cisplatin group compared to the other groups. The activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase, of which free radical formation system in kidney was also decreased in the cisplatin+DWP-04 group compared to the cisplatin and cisplatin+sodium thiosulfate group. The activity of detoxification system of free radical, such as glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were markedly increased in the cisplatin+DWP-04 group than the cisplatin and the cisplatin+sodium thiosulfate group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the mechanism of decreasing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by DWP-04 is that the decreasing of the amount of lipid peroxide and lipofuscin in the renal tissue by increasing activity of the antioxidant defense system and the decreasing of reactive oxygen species by increasing detoxification enzyme activity.
Aldehyde Oxidase ; Aminopyrine N-Demethylase ; Aniline Compounds ; Aniline Hydroxylase ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Catalase ; Cisplatin ; Creatinine ; Cyclooctanes ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Glutathione Transferase ; Kidney ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lignans ; Lipofuscin ; Peroxidase ; Polycyclic Compounds ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Renal Insufficiency ; Selenium ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Xanthine Oxidase

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; deficiency ; genetics ; Blood Vessels ; anatomy & histology ; Fluorescence ; Lipofuscin ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout

OBJECTIVETo investigate actions of protein and anthraquinone glucosides from Semen Cassia on learning and memory capacity and related substances of senile mice induced by D-galactose.

METHODThe subacute senile mouse models induced by injection of D-galactose subcutaneously were used.

RESULTProtein and anthraquinone glucosides from Semen Cassia could improve the learning and memory capacity of senile mice. Protein and anthraquinone glucosides from Semen Cassia not only inhibited the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cerebrum of senile mice, but also enhanced the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cerebrum and lessened the lipofuscin (LF) in liver tissue of senile mice. Protein from Semen Cassia could reduce the content of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in cerebrum of senile mice.

CONCLUSIONProtein and anthraquinone glucosides from Semen Cassia could improve the learning and memory capacity of senile mice and delay aging.

Animals ; Anthraquinones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cassia ; chemistry ; Cerebrum ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Galactose ; Lipofuscin ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Memory Disorders ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Mice ; Monoamine Oxidase ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo identify new genes required for neurosecretory control of aging in C. elegans.

METHODSIn view of the importance of nervous system in aging regulation, we performed the screen for genes involved in the aging regulation from genetic loci encoding synaptic proteins by lifespan assay and accumulation of lipofuscin autofluorescence. We further investigated the dauer formation phenotypes of their corresponding mutants and whether they were possibly up-regulated by the insulin-like signaling pathway.

RESULTSThe genetic loci of unc-10, syd-2, hlb-1, dlk-1, mkk-4, scd-2, snb-1, ric-4, nrx-1, unc-13, sbt-1 and unc-64 might be involved in the aging control. In addition, functions of unc-10, syd-2, hlb-1, dlk-1, mkk-4, scd-2, snb-1, ric-4 and nrx-1 in regulating aging may be opposite to those of unc-13, sbt-1 and unc-64. The intestinal autofluorescence assay further indicated that the identified long-lived and short-lived mutants were actually due to the suppressed or accelerated aging. Among the identified genes, syd-2, hlb-1, mkk-4, scd-2, snb-1, ric-4 and unc-64 were also involved in the control of dauer formation. Moreover, daf-2 mutation positively regulated the expression of syd-2 and hlb-1, and negatively regulated the expression of mkk-4, nrx-1, ric-4, sbt-1, rpm-1, unc-10, dlk-1 and unc-13. The daf-16 mutation positively regulated the expression of syd-2 and hlb-1, and negatively regulated the expression of mkk-4, nrx-1, sbt-1, rpm-1, unc-10, dlk-1 and unc-13.

CONCLUSIONThese data suggest the possibly important status of the synaptic transmission to the animal's life-span control machinery, as well as the dauer formation control.

Aging ; genetics ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; genetics ; metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Gene Expression Regulation ; genetics ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Lipofuscin ; metabolism ; Longevity ; genetics ; Mutation ; genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Nervous System ; metabolism ; Neurosecretion ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; genetics ; Synapses ; genetics ; metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; genetics

Melanosis ilei is a condition that's characterized by gross greyish-black or brownish-black pigmentation of the mucosa of the terminal ileum. There were several substances that produce gastrointestinal tract pigmentation such as lipofuscin, iron sulphide (FeS), Hemosiderin and exogenous material such as silicates and titanium. We report here on a case of a 58-year-old female who ingested charcoal for a long time, and she was diagnosed with melanosis ilei by colonoscopy. Her condition improved after she stopped ingesting the charcoal.
Charcoal ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Ileum ; Iron ; Lipofuscin ; Melanosis* ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Pigmentation ; Silicates ; Titanium

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha ( PPAR-alpha) agonist fenofibrate on adipokines expression in high-fat diet fed SD rats and its relationship to insulin resistance (IR).

METHODSRats were randomized into three groups (n = 10) : HD group, fed with high-fat diet; HDF group, fed with high fat diet and treated with fenofibrate; and control group, fed with normal diet. Animals were sacrificed after 4-week follow-up. Plasma lipids, fasting plasma insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), and insulin sensitivity were detected. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to semi-quantitatively determine the mRNA expression of adipokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) , interleukin-6 (IL-6), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin 11 type 1 receptor (AT1R), and adiponectin in brown fat.

RESULTSThe plasma level of FFA, TG, and homeostatic model approach-IR index were (2. 37+/-0. 60) vs (1. 59+/-0. 30) vs (1. 33+/-0. 34 ) mmol/L, (0. 48+/-0. 11) vs (0. 30+/-0. 04) vs (0. 36+/-0. 07) mmol/L, and 12. 30+/-3. 97 vs 5. 03 +/-1. 88 vs 4. 17+/-1. 27 in the HD group, HDF group, and control group after 4 weeks of treatment with fenofibrate, respectively. The mRNA expressions of TNF-alpha and adiponectin were 1. 726+/-1. 408 vs 0. 713+/-0. 711 vs 0. 593+/-0. 382 and 0. 660+/-0. 192 vs 0. 949+/-0. 35 vs 0. 936+/-0. 130 in these three groups, which showed significant difference between HD group and HDF group (P < 0. 05 ) , while no significant difference between HDF group and control group (P > 0. 05). The mRNA expressions of AGT, AT1 R, and IL-6 had no significant difference among these three groups (P > 0. 05 ).

CONCLUSIONPPAR-alpha agonist fenofibrate may reverse high-fat diet induced lipid abnormalities, improve insulin sensitivity, and regulate the mRNA expressions of TNF-alpha and adiponectin in adipose tissues.

Adiponectin ; biosynthesis ; Adipose Tissue ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Angiotensins ; biosynthesis ; Animals ; Dietary Fats ; adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fenofibrate ; pharmacology ; Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-6 ; biosynthesis ; Lipofuscin ; biosynthesis ; Male ; PPAR alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 ; biosynthesis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis