Objective: To develop a convenient, direct, and highly sensitive method for screening trace chemical additives in complex Chinese patent medicines, thereby addressing core technological bottlenecks in pharmaceutical analysis and quality control. Methods: A brush ionization probe device was independently designed and constructed, and an efficient detection method was established through systematic optimization of key parameters. Twenty-three Chinese patent medicine samples, representing 6 dosage forms (capsules, tablets, pills, granules, powders, and liquid preparations), were analyzed using 10 common chemical additives as target analytes. Results: All samples were successfully analyzed without complex pretreatment, and 5 chemical additives were detected in 7 Chinese patent medicines. The brush ionization probe device exhibited cost-effectiveness (~0.2 USD per probe), operational simplicity, rapid analysis (~10s per sample), high efficiency, and minimal reagent consumption (~10 μL per sample). Conclusion: This advancement is expected to provide an innovative scientific tool for improving the generality and convenience of on-site quality control, while promoting technological progress in disciplines such as pharmacology and traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the post-discharge exercise behavior and factors influencing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in patients undergoing lung surgery. Methods A total of 2874 patients from the large prospective, observational perioperative lung symptom study cohort (CN-PRO-Lung 3) in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Sichuan Cancer Hospital between April 7, 2021, and January 31, 2024, were selected as the survey subjects. A survey was conducted using the Investigation of Exercise Behavior after Lung Surgery questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) among patients who underwent lung surgery. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing patients’ engagement in MVPA. Results A total of 702 patients were surveyed, including 252 males and 450 females, with an average age of (52.4±10.2) years. Patients with lung cancer accounted for 85.9%. Only 36.0% of the patients had regular exercise habits, while 42.3% did not engage in any physical activity. The three main barriers for postoperative exercise were physical discomfort (pain, coughing, shortness of breath, etc, 54.7%), lack of professional guidance (41.7%), and concerns about the surgical wound (28.9%). The proportions of patients engaging in vigorous, moderate, and low-intensity physical activity were 5.7%, 28.2%, and 66.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with a personal annual income ≥50000 yuan (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.01-2.29, P=0.044), high school education or above (OR=1.92, 95%CI 1.33-2.76, P<0.001), and lobectomy (OR=1.44, 95%CI 1.02-2.03, P=0.037) engaged in more MVPA. Conclusion Patients undergoing lung surgery have inadequate physical activity after discharge, particularly lacking in MVPA. Patients with higher income, higher educational levels, and lobectomy are more frequently engaged in MVPA. Measures such as symptom control, providing exercise guidance, and enhancing education on wound care may potentially improve the inadequate physical activity in lung surgery patients after discharge.

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using"mass spectrometry database"and"traditional Chinese medicine"as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy,safety,and prognostic factors associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in pa-tients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)comorbid with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:Clinical and patholo-gical data were collected from 100 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ NSCLC who received one or more cycles of ICI treatment at Peking University Shougang Hospital between January 2018 and October 2024 were collected.Based on COPD diagnosis,patients were assigned into the NSCLC with COPD(LC-COPD,n=52)and NSCLC without COPD(non-COPD,n=48)groups.The efficacy,safety,and prognostic factors of ICIs treatment were retrospectively analyzed in both groups.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method,and survival rates were compared using the Log-rank test.Results:Among the patients who received ICIs treatment,median progression-free survival(PFS)in the LC-COPD group was longer than that in the non-COPD group(11.97 vs.7.83 months,P=0.022),but no significant difference was detec-ted in overall survival(OS)(22.37 vs.16.80 months,P=0.110).Compared with the LC-COPD group and patients with normal lung function,the preserved ratio impaired spirometry(PRISm)subgroup showed worse median PFS and OS following immunotherapy(all P<0.05).Multivari-ate analysis revealed that COPD comorbidity,programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression,treatment line,and neutrophil to lympho-cyte ratio(NLR)were independently associated with PFS(P<0.05).Additionally,PD-L1 expression,immunotherapy efficacy,NLR,and inhaled corticosteroids(ICS)use were significantly associated with OS(P<0.05).The incidence of immune-related adverse events was comparable between the two groups.Conclusions:ICI treatment demonstrated a greater positive impact on PFS in patients with NSCLC and COPD than in patients with NSCLC alone in a real-world study,with a good safety profile in both groups.NSCLC patients with PRISm showed poorer out-comes following ICI treatment.PD-L1 expression,FeNO,NLR,and ICS may serve as potential predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy effic-acy in NSCLC patients with COPD.

Objective To discuss the value of the multi-parameter imaging of dual-energy computed tomography(DECT)combined with apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value of brain metastases in predicting lung adenocarcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)gene mutation.Methods The DECT and MRI parameters of 90 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases were collected.DECT parameters included normalized iodine concentrations in the arterial and venous phases(N1CA,NICV)and slope of the energy spectrum curves in the arterial and venous phases(kA,kv).The MRI parameters of brain metastases included ADC and relative ADC(rADC)of solid area,necrotic area,and peritumoral edema.Predictive model were constructed for EGFR gene mutation according to the parameters above.Results NICV,kv,ADC and rADC of solid area and peritumoral edema in the EGFR positive group were higher than those in the EGFR negative group,which had statistical significances(P＜0.05).Model1 and model2 were established by combining DECT or MRI parameters,while model3 was established by combining DECT and MRI parameters,which had the best predictive efficiency for EGFR gene mutation,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.846.Conclusion The predictive model combining DECT parameters with ADC value of brain metastases can improve the prediction efficiency of EGFR gene mutation in advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

This paper presents a comprehensive study of Pulsatillae Radix,encompassing its pharmacognostic investigation,chemical constituents,and pharmacological effects.Pulsatillae Radix,first recorded in the Shen Nong's Herbal Classic,is known for its efficacy in cooling blood to stop dysentery,clearing heat,and detoxifying,and has been used to treat diseases such as enteritis caused by parasites,demonstrating potential as an antiviral candidate.Research has revealed that its major chemical constituents include triterpenoid saponins,triterpenic acids,and various other components,which collectively constitute the pharmacological foundation of Pulsatillae Radix.Significant pharmacological activities have been observed in antitumor,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,and antiviral aspects,providing a scientific basis for its broad application in the pharmaceutical field.

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using"mass spectrometry database"and"traditional Chinese medicine"as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the current status and effectiveness of the standardized on-the-job training program for community clinical pharmacists in Shanghai,and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the training scheme.METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the data from trainees and mentor pharmacists who participated in the program between 2016 and 2024.The survey examined their basic information,evaluations of the training scheme,satisfaction with training outcomes,and suggestions for improvement.Statistical analyses were also conducted.RESULTS A total of 420 valid responses were collected,including 340 from trainees and 80 from mentor pharmacists.Before training,only 30.29%of trainees were engaged in clinical pharmacy-related work,whereas this proportion increased to 73.24%after training.Most mentor pharmacists had extensive experience in clinical pharmacy(76.25%with≥5 years of experience)and mentoring(78.75%with≥3 teaching sessions).Totally 65.59%of trainees and 55.00%of mentor pharmacists believed that blended training yielded the best learning outcomes.Over 80.00%of both trainees and mentor pharmacists considered the overall training duration,theoretical study time,and practical training time to be reasonable.More than 95.00%of trainees and mentor pharmacists agreed that the homework and assessment schemes were appropriate.Trainees rated the relevance of training content to their actual work highly(with an average relevance score＞4.5),though they perceived the chronic disease medication therapy management module as significantly more challenging than the prescription review and evaluation module and the home-based pharmaceutical care module.The average satisfaction score of trainees and mentor pharmacists with the training effectiveness of each project was above 4 points,indicating a high overall satisfaction.Inadequate provision of teaching resources was unanimously recognized by trainees and mentor pharmacists as the key area requiring improvement.CONCLUSIONS The standardized on-the-job training program for community clinical pharmacists in Shanghai has contributed to improving pharmaceutical services in community healthcare settings.However,ongoing improvements must concentrate on content design,resource development,and faculty cultivation.

Objective:To analyze the genetic characteristics and evolutionary origin of hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotype D3 in China in 2020.Methods:Serum samples and demographic details from patients infected with HBV D3 subgenotype were collected. HBV genomic sequences were obtained by nested PCR amplification and subsequent sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis, nucleotide homology, amino acid mutation and evolution rate of the S protein were conducted by comparing with reference sequence using bioinformatics tools.Results:The complete HBV gene sequences of 14 samples of D3 subtype HBV were obtained. Compared with 97 reference sequences, it was found that the sequences with the highest homology were from India, Mongolia, Iran and China, with the homology ranging from 96.0% to 97.9%. Mutations of 24 amino acids were found in 14 strains of D3 subtype. Among them, T131A, Y134F and T140I were associated with immune escape-related mutations. The genetic diversity of HBV D3 subtype increased slowly before 1975, remained relatively constant from 1975 to 2000, and began to decline after 2000. Evolutionary rate analysis showed that samples QGLD D3-02 and 03 originated from a common ancestor with the Iranian reference strain in 1872, and the other 12 samples QGLD D3-04-17 originated from a common ancestor with the Mongolian reference strain in 1843.Conclusions:The gene sequence of HBV D3 subtype in China had the highest homology with reference sequences from India, Iran, Mongolia and China. Evolutionary rate analysis revealed that 14 cases of HBV D3 subtype originated from a common ancestor with reference strains from Mongolia and Iran, which enriched the sequence and evolution information of HBV D3 subtype and provided a reference basis for the molecular epidemiological study of HBV.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy,safety,and prognostic factors associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in pa-tients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)comorbid with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:Clinical and patholo-gical data were collected from 100 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ NSCLC who received one or more cycles of ICI treatment at Peking University Shougang Hospital between January 2018 and October 2024 were collected.Based on COPD diagnosis,patients were assigned into the NSCLC with COPD(LC-COPD,n=52)and NSCLC without COPD(non-COPD,n=48)groups.The efficacy,safety,and prognostic factors of ICIs treatment were retrospectively analyzed in both groups.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method,and survival rates were compared using the Log-rank test.Results:Among the patients who received ICIs treatment,median progression-free survival(PFS)in the LC-COPD group was longer than that in the non-COPD group(11.97 vs.7.83 months,P=0.022),but no significant difference was detec-ted in overall survival(OS)(22.37 vs.16.80 months,P=0.110).Compared with the LC-COPD group and patients with normal lung function,the preserved ratio impaired spirometry(PRISm)subgroup showed worse median PFS and OS following immunotherapy(all P<0.05).Multivari-ate analysis revealed that COPD comorbidity,programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1)expression,treatment line,and neutrophil to lympho-cyte ratio(NLR)were independently associated with PFS(P<0.05).Additionally,PD-L1 expression,immunotherapy efficacy,NLR,and inhaled corticosteroids(ICS)use were significantly associated with OS(P<0.05).The incidence of immune-related adverse events was comparable between the two groups.Conclusions:ICI treatment demonstrated a greater positive impact on PFS in patients with NSCLC and COPD than in patients with NSCLC alone in a real-world study,with a good safety profile in both groups.NSCLC patients with PRISm showed poorer out-comes following ICI treatment.PD-L1 expression,FeNO,NLR,and ICS may serve as potential predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy effic-acy in NSCLC patients with COPD.