ObjectiveTo investigate the metabolic alterations of serum short chain fatty acids （SCFAs） in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis （AD） and their correlation with different clinical phenotypes using targeted metabolomics. MethodsThis study enrolled 87 AD patients and 67 healthy controls （HC）. Serum levels of eight SCFAs were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The associations between SCFAs and AD were assessed using various statistical methods. ResultsCompared with the HC group， levels of acetic acid （AA）， propionic acid （PA）， and caproic acid （CA） （P=0.002，P=0.002，P=0.043） decreased in the AD group. Logistic regression analysis identified AA （OR=0.449， 95% CI： 0.289–0.698） and PA （OR = 0.487， 95% CI： 0.324–0.732） as protective factors against AD. The combination of AA and PA yielded an area under the curve （AUC） greater than 0.7， indicating good diagnostic efficacy. Age-stratified analysis revealed that AA reduction was predominant in childhood， whereas PA reduction was predominant in adolescence. Pathway enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of fatty acid biosynthesis （FDR=0.341， P=0.003） and vitamin K metabolism （FDR=1， P=0.039） pathways. Furthermore， subgroup analyses based on disease severity， personal/family history of atopy， and sex revealed no significant differences in SCFAs levels among the groups. ConclusionDifferential serum SCFAs and their enriched metabolic pathways may be implicated in the pathogenesis of AD.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of sex on phenotypic stability in mouse models of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP) or paclitaxel (PTX), and to explore potential mechanisms underlying phenotypic heterogeneity in female mice. MethodsTwenty-eight wild-type specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6J mice (half male and half female) aged 6-8 weeks were selected for synchronous back hair removal. On the 9th day after hair removal (T0), the mice were randomly divided into a wild-type female CYP group, a wild-type male CYP group, a female negative control group and a male negative control group. Mice in the CYP groups were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 120 mg/kg CYP, and mice in the negative control groups were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline. Subsequently, the phenotypic changes of the CIA model induced by CYP were continuously observed and photographed. Eleven 6-week-old SPF female C57BL/6J mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX group). Following successful surgery, these mice and five XY (Sry⁻) mice bred from Four Core Genotypes breeding stock were used to establish the chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) model using the same protocol. Serum was collected from mice in the OVX group, wild-type female CYP group, and wild-type male CYP group on T7 after CYP administration for steroid hormone analysis by mass spectrometry to evaluate the effects of gonadal estrogen and sex chromosome background changes on the stability of the CYP-induced female alopecic phenotype. Finally, twenty SPF C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks (half male and half female) were randomly divided into a PTX low-dose group and a PTX high-dose group. On the 9th day after simultaneous hair removal, PTX was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 80 mg/kg or 120 mg/kg, respectively. Mice from the PTX low-dose group and the PTX high-dose group were continuously observed and photographed to compare the intra-group consistency of the phenotypes of female and male mice. Six SPF C57BL/6J mice (half male and half female) aged 6-8 weeks were used to repeat the construction method of the PTX low-dose group, and the hair follicle histological examination was performed at T0, T4, T7, T14 and T21, respectively, to observe the damage caused by PTX to hair follicle regeneration. ResultsThe phenotypes of CYP-induced male CIA mice are stable and reproducible. There are obvious individual differences in the alopecia phenotype in the CYP-induced female CIA model mice, which may be mainly caused by the differences in the relevant estrogens in the estrous cycle. The difference between OVX+CYP group and XY (Sry⁻) +CYP group disappeared, suggesting that ovarian-derived hormones and XY (Sry⁻) sex chromosome background may be involved in the formation of phenotypic heterogeneity of CYP-induced alopecia in female mice. The mice in the high-dose PTX group and the low-dose PTX group showed a relatively consistent alopecia and regrowth process, and there was no significant sex difference. ConclusionCYP-induced CIA is strongly influenced by sex, and ovariectomy or alteration of the sex chromosome background can improve the consistency of CYP-induced alopecic phenotypes in female mice. PTX-induced CIA shows good phenotypic consistency in both female and male mice, indicating broad applicability across sexes. Taken together, the choice of animal sex in CIA model construction, mechanistic studies, and evaluation of anti-alopecia interventions should take into account the type of chemotherapeutic agent, the study objective, and the required degree of phenotypic stability. Sex should therefore be considered an important variable in model standardization and interpretation of experimental findings.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of the complement C3 and the S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100A10) in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:This case-control study included 129 TBI children admitted to the Affiliated Xuzhou Children′s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2023 to November 2024.The patients were divided into a mild group (85 cases) and a moderate-to-severe group (44 cases).Thirty children with inguinal hernia but no underlying diseases admitted to the hospital during the same period were enrolled as the control group A. Twenty children whose lumbar puncture examination showed normal cerebrospinal fluid results and imaging tests showed no central nervous system disorder were included in the control group B. The children with moderate-to-severe TBI were followed up for 1 month after injury and further divided into good and poor prognosis groups.One-way (repeated-measures) analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were used to compare differences in complement C3 and S100A10 levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid among groups.The correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman rank correlation method.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the value of complements C3 and S100A10 proteins for predicting TBI severity. Results:The serum complement C3 levels in control group A, mild TBI, and moderate-to-severe TBI groups were (1.15±0.26) g/L, (1.02±0.09) g/L, (0.87±0.15) g/L, respectively.The difference in serum complement C3 levels was statistically significant among these three groups ( F=53.661, P<0.001).The serum S100A10 levels in control group A, mild TBI, and moderate-to-severe TBI groups were (0.09±0.03) μg/L, (0.17±0.04) μg/L, (0.32±0.11) μg/L, respectively.The difference in serum S100A10 levels was statistically significant among these three groups ( F=71.093, P<0.001).The levels of complement C3 and S100A10 in the cerebrospinal fluid (30 min post-operation) of children with severe TBI were significantly higher than those in the control group B, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.01).Correlation analysis revealed that Glasgow Coma Scale scores showed a positive correlation with serum complement C3 levels and a negative correlation with S100A10 levels ( r=0.592, -0.705; all P<0.001).The serum complement C3 and S100A10 levels were (0.90±0.13) g/L and (0.30±0.10) μg/L in the good prognosis group, and (0.74±0.16) g/L and (0.42±0.11) μg/L in the poor prognosis group, respectively.Both serum complement C3 and S100A10 levels were statistically significantly different between good and poor prognosis groups ( t=3.025, -3.014; all P<0.01).The complement C3 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of severe TBI children was (0.093±0.007) g/L 30 min after operation, and it gradually increased to reach the first peak at day 3 and the second peak at day 5 postoperatively[(0.112±0.005) g/L and (0.120±0.010) g/L, respectively].The difference in the complement C3 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of severe TBI children was significant between 30 min and 3-5 d after operation ( F=42.756, P<0.01).The S100A10 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of severe TBI children was (2.56±0.31) μg/L 30 min after operation, and then it showed a sustained increase, reaching (4.09±0.13) μg/L at day 7 postoperatively.The difference in the S100A10 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of severe TBI children was significant between 30 min and 7 d after operation ( F=110.676, P<0.01).ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve for predicting moderate-to-severe TBI based on serum complement C3 and S100A10 levels were 0.802 and 0.889, respectively (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Serum complement C3 levels are significantly decreased whereas serum S100A10 levels are markedly elevated in pediatric TBI patients.The measurement of serum complement C3 and S100A10 levels can aid in the clinical assessment of the severity and prognosis of TBI children.Both complement C3 and S100A10 levels in cerebrospinal fluid show a significant elevation within 7 days after operation in severe pediatric TBI, which is potentially linked to sustained astrocyte activation.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of the complement C3 and the S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100A10) in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:This case-control study included 129 TBI children admitted to the Affiliated Xuzhou Children′s Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2023 to November 2024.The patients were divided into a mild group (85 cases) and a moderate-to-severe group (44 cases).Thirty children with inguinal hernia but no underlying diseases admitted to the hospital during the same period were enrolled as the control group A. Twenty children whose lumbar puncture examination showed normal cerebrospinal fluid results and imaging tests showed no central nervous system disorder were included in the control group B. The children with moderate-to-severe TBI were followed up for 1 month after injury and further divided into good and poor prognosis groups.One-way (repeated-measures) analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests were used to compare differences in complement C3 and S100A10 levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid among groups.The correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman rank correlation method.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the value of complements C3 and S100A10 proteins for predicting TBI severity. Results:The serum complement C3 levels in control group A, mild TBI, and moderate-to-severe TBI groups were (1.15±0.26) g/L, (1.02±0.09) g/L, (0.87±0.15) g/L, respectively.The difference in serum complement C3 levels was statistically significant among these three groups ( F=53.661, P<0.001).The serum S100A10 levels in control group A, mild TBI, and moderate-to-severe TBI groups were (0.09±0.03) μg/L, (0.17±0.04) μg/L, (0.32±0.11) μg/L, respectively.The difference in serum S100A10 levels was statistically significant among these three groups ( F=71.093, P<0.001).The levels of complement C3 and S100A10 in the cerebrospinal fluid (30 min post-operation) of children with severe TBI were significantly higher than those in the control group B, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.01).Correlation analysis revealed that Glasgow Coma Scale scores showed a positive correlation with serum complement C3 levels and a negative correlation with S100A10 levels ( r=0.592, -0.705; all P<0.001).The serum complement C3 and S100A10 levels were (0.90±0.13) g/L and (0.30±0.10) μg/L in the good prognosis group, and (0.74±0.16) g/L and (0.42±0.11) μg/L in the poor prognosis group, respectively.Both serum complement C3 and S100A10 levels were statistically significantly different between good and poor prognosis groups ( t=3.025, -3.014; all P<0.01).The complement C3 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of severe TBI children was (0.093±0.007) g/L 30 min after operation, and it gradually increased to reach the first peak at day 3 and the second peak at day 5 postoperatively[(0.112±0.005) g/L and (0.120±0.010) g/L, respectively].The difference in the complement C3 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of severe TBI children was significant between 30 min and 3-5 d after operation ( F=42.756, P<0.01).The S100A10 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of severe TBI children was (2.56±0.31) μg/L 30 min after operation, and then it showed a sustained increase, reaching (4.09±0.13) μg/L at day 7 postoperatively.The difference in the S100A10 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of severe TBI children was significant between 30 min and 7 d after operation ( F=110.676, P<0.01).ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve for predicting moderate-to-severe TBI based on serum complement C3 and S100A10 levels were 0.802 and 0.889, respectively (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Serum complement C3 levels are significantly decreased whereas serum S100A10 levels are markedly elevated in pediatric TBI patients.The measurement of serum complement C3 and S100A10 levels can aid in the clinical assessment of the severity and prognosis of TBI children.Both complement C3 and S100A10 levels in cerebrospinal fluid show a significant elevation within 7 days after operation in severe pediatric TBI, which is potentially linked to sustained astrocyte activation.

OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the current status and effectiveness of the standardized on-the-job training program for community clinical pharmacists in Shanghai,and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the training scheme.METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the data from trainees and mentor pharmacists who participated in the program between 2016 and 2024.The survey examined their basic information,evaluations of the training scheme,satisfaction with training outcomes,and suggestions for improvement.Statistical analyses were also conducted.RESULTS A total of 420 valid responses were collected,including 340 from trainees and 80 from mentor pharmacists.Before training,only 30.29%of trainees were engaged in clinical pharmacy-related work,whereas this proportion increased to 73.24%after training.Most mentor pharmacists had extensive experience in clinical pharmacy(76.25%with≥5 years of experience)and mentoring(78.75%with≥3 teaching sessions).Totally 65.59%of trainees and 55.00%of mentor pharmacists believed that blended training yielded the best learning outcomes.Over 80.00%of both trainees and mentor pharmacists considered the overall training duration,theoretical study time,and practical training time to be reasonable.More than 95.00%of trainees and mentor pharmacists agreed that the homework and assessment schemes were appropriate.Trainees rated the relevance of training content to their actual work highly(with an average relevance score＞4.5),though they perceived the chronic disease medication therapy management module as significantly more challenging than the prescription review and evaluation module and the home-based pharmaceutical care module.The average satisfaction score of trainees and mentor pharmacists with the training effectiveness of each project was above 4 points,indicating a high overall satisfaction.Inadequate provision of teaching resources was unanimously recognized by trainees and mentor pharmacists as the key area requiring improvement.CONCLUSIONS The standardized on-the-job training program for community clinical pharmacists in Shanghai has contributed to improving pharmaceutical services in community healthcare settings.However,ongoing improvements must concentrate on content design,resource development,and faculty cultivation.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,molecular genetics and gonadal pathol-ogy characteristics of patients with disorders of sex development(DSD),and to summarize the clinical experi-ence of identifying rare diseases from common symptoms.Methods The clinical data of 416 patients with DSD diagnosed and treated in the multidisciplinary center of DSD of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Cen-ter from May 2018 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,summarized and discussed.Results Accord-ing to chromosome karyotype,416 cases of DSD were classified into three types:92 cases(22.1％)of abnormal sex chromosome karyotype,285 cases(68.5％)of 46,XY karyotype and 39 cases(9.4％)of 46,XX karyotype.Among the 92 patients with abnormal sex chromosome karyotype,59 cases were raised as males,18 cases(30.5％)complained of short penis with hypospadias and cryptorchidism.The most common karyotype was 45,X/46,XY(58 cases,63.0％).Among the 285 patients with 46,XY karyotype,238 cases were raised as males,and 63 cases(26.5％)complained of short penis and hypospadias;47 cases were raised as females,and 13 ca-ses(27.7％)complained of inguinal mass.A total of 216 patients with 46,XY karyotype were subjected to whole exome gene detection,and 155 cases(71.8％)were found to have molecular pathogenesis with the clinical phe-notype.Among the 39 patients with 46,XX karyotype,19 cases were raised as males,and 8 cases(42.1％)com-plained of short penis and hypospadias.In the 18 cases of gonad biopsy,17 cases showed testicular tissue in go-nads.Whole exome sequencing was performed in 14 cases.NR5A1 gene heterozygous mutation,SRY gene muta-tion and SOX3 gene mutation were found in 2 cases,respectively(14.3％).Twenty cases were raised as females,and 14 cases(70.0％)complained of clitoral hypertrophy.Gonad biopsy was performed in 8 cases,with 7 cases of ovotestis(87.5％)and 1 case of NR5A1 gene heterozygous mutation(14.3％).Conclusions The etiologies of DSD are complex and diverse,and the clinical manifestations are various,which can be manifested as hypospa-dias,micropenis,cryptorchidism and other common symptoms of the urinary system.Different etiologies have dif-ferent treatment options.Therefore,chromosome karyotype,molecular genetic testing and gonadal pathology can be used to clarify the cause of disease,especially for rare diseases,improve the detection rate,reduce the rate of missed diagnosis,and ensure reasonable treatment,especially sex selection.

Objective:To introduce a surgical technique of " short distances and multi-segment" buried-guiding suture method and its effects in the surgery of early descent of prosthesis after augmentation mammaplasty.Methods:From August 2019 to January 2022, 15 cases of early descent of prosthesis after augmentation mammaplasty due to axillary approach breast augmentation for micromastia were admitted to the Plastic Surgery Department of Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital, aged 23-35 years (27.3±3.6) and duration of dislocation from 16 to 35 days (23.8±5.8). There were 12 patients showed unilateral prosthesis drops and 3 patients showed bilateral prosthesis drops. " Short distances and multi-segment" buried-guiding suture method was used to solve the problem, i. e., 2-0 non-absorbable sutures were used to eliminate the lower pole of prosthetic cavity with " short distances and multi-segment" sutures. The distance from the nipple to the midline of the sternum, the distance from the sternotomy to the nipple, the distance from the nipple to the inframammary fold and the distance from the midclavicular point to the inframammary fold were measured bilaterally before and after surgery, and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the " short distances and multi-segment" buried-guiding suture method for early descent of prosthesis after breast augmentation.Results:All incisions healed by first intention without complications such as hematoma, infection, or scar hyperplasia. 15 patients were followed up for 6-12 months (8.0±1.9). 14 patients were satisfied with the results after surgery, and 1 patient received satisfactory results after secondary surgery. The distance from nipple to inframammary fold was shortened by 0.8-1.4 cm after surgery (1.2±0.2), and the distance from mid-clavicle to inframammary fold was shortened by 1.0-1.6 cm (1.3±0.4), and the differences were statistically significant as compared with the values before surgery ( t=31.17, P<0.05; t=33.78, P<0.05). After surgery, the change in the distance from nipple to sternal was 0.1-0.3 cm (0.16±0.10), and the change in the distance from sternal notch to nipple was 0-0.2 cm (0.12±0.10), and the differences were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:With the advantages of simple operation, little trauma and no additional incision, the " short distance and multi-stage" buried-guiding suture method in the surgery of early descent of prosthesis after augmentation mammaplasty is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the effects of bunched cognitive behavior intervention on disease fear and psychological security in patients with glioma.Methods:A total of 92 patients with glioma who underwent surgical treatment from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected.According to the order of enrollment, all subjects were divided into research group( n=44)and control group( n=48). The patients in control group received routine medical and nursing intervention, and patients the research group adopted glioma bunched cognitive behavior intervention on the basis of routine medical and nursing intervention, including 4 intervention cycles.At enrollment, 2 weeks after intervention, and 4 weeks after intervention, all subjects were evaluated by the fear of progression questionnaire-short form (FoP-Q-SF), safety questionnaire (SQ), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). All the data in this study were processed by SPSS 26.0 statistical software.The scores of FoP-Q-SF, SQ, SAS and SDS before and after intervention were compared by repeated measures ANOVA between the two groups. Results:(1)The total FoP-Q-SF score, physiological health dimension scores, and social family dimension scores of the two groups showed significant interaction effects before and after intervention ( F=254.839, 52.738, 12.237, all P<0.05). Further simple effect analysis showed that after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the FoP-Q-SF scores of the research group (2 weeks after intervention: 33.80±4.94, 36.48±4.04; 4 weeks after intervention: 31.25±4.55, 35.94±4.47) and social family dimensions (2 weeks after intervention: 15.32±2.56 points, 17.06±2.14; 4 weeks after intervention: 14.05±2.59, 16.96±1.99) were lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The physiological health dimension score of the research group was lower than that of the control group after 4 weeks of intervention (4 weeks after intervention: 17.30±2.92, 19.06±2.38) ( P<0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, the FoP-Q-SF score, physiological health dimension score, and social family dimension score of the research group were all lower than those at 2 weeks after intervention and before intervention (all P<0.05). (2)The total SQ score, interpersonal security dimension score and the determined control score of the two groups showed significant interaction effects before and after intervention( F=193.129, 54.706, 44.015, all P<0.05). Further simple effect testing showed that after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the total SQ score and interpersonal security score of the research group were higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The determined control score of the research group was higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks of intervention ( P<0.05). After 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the total SQ score, interpersonal security score, and determination control score of the research group were higher than before intervention (all P<0.05), and the total SQ score and interpersonal security score of the research group were higher than 2 weeks after intervention (both P<0.05). (3)The SAS score and SDS score of the two groups showed significant interaction effects before and after intervention( F=237.867, 282.882, both P<0.05). Further simple effect analysis showed that after 2 and 4 weeks intervention, the SAS and SDS scores of the research group were lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of the research group were lower after 2 weeks and 4 weeks intervention than before intervention (all P<0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of the research group at 4 weeks after intervention were lower than those at 2 weeks after intervention (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Bundled cognitive behavioral intervention can improve disease fear and negative emotions in patients with glioma, and enhance psychological security.

Objective:To explore the application of biomechanics principle in the repair of double eyelid disappearance after blepharoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 47 patients (46 females and 1 male) with double eyelid disappearance after blepharoplasty in the Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Friendship Plastic Surgical Hospital from July 2018 to December 2022. The patients aged from 19-42 (28±8) years. The repair surgery was performed by increasing the mechanical factors that promoted the double eyelid formation or weakening the mechanical factors that inhibited the double eyelid formation. The overall satisfaction with ocular appearance, and psychological well-being and social function were evaluated with the Face-Q qustionnaires before or after operation.Results:By following-up for 3-24 months, the morphology of upper eyelids in all 47 patients were remarkably improved. 2 patients complained about asymmetry and 1 patient had multiple creases, for whom satisfactory results achieved after re-operation. The remaining patients presented smooth natural double eyelid line, and concave groove deformity when eyes closed were not noticed. The operative effects were satisfactory. After surgery, the scores for ocular satisfaction with facial appearance, psychological well-being and social function were (69.5±10.3), (75.5±13.6) and (68.3±11.3) scores, which were significantly increased than those before operation [(38.7±9.3), (54.8±10.5) and (52.3±8.7) scores], respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusion:More effective and reliable operation results can be obtained in the repair strategies of double eyelid disappearance after blepharoplasty by utilizing the biomechanical mechanism.

Objective:To investigate the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)/Bcl-2 and adenovirus E1B19kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)-mediated mitophagy on neuronal apoptosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:HT22 cells (mouse hippocampal neurons) were chosen; oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) was used to establish in vitro TBI models. Expressions of HIF-1α and BNIP3 were regulated by HIF-1α, BNIP3-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmid vector transfection. Experiment 1 was performed to investigate the effect of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy on neuronal apoptosis after TBI; HT22 cells were divided into 4 groups ( n=3): siRNA control group (normal culture after negative siRNA transfection), siRNA+TBI group (OGD/R after negative siRNA transfection), BNIP3-siRNA group (normal culture after BNIP3-siRNA transfection), and BNIP3-siRNA+TBI group (OGD/R after BNIP3-siRNA transfection); the expressions of mitochondrial autophagy related proteins such as HIF-1α, BNIP3, LC3-II, and P62 were detected by Western blotting, mitochondrial autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in cell supernatant was determined by LDH kit. Experiment 2 was performed to investigate the effect of HIF-1α on BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and neuronal apoptosis after TBI; HT22 cells were divided into 8 groups ( n=3): siRNA control group (normal culture after negative siRNA transfection), siRNA+TBI group (OGD/R after negative siRNA transfection), HIF-1α-siRNA group (normal culture after HIF-1α-siRNA transfection), HIF-1α-siRNA+TBI group (OGD/R after HIF-1α-siRNA transfection), empty plasmid group (normal culture after pcDNA3.1[+] transfection), HIF-1α overexpression group (normal culture after HIF-1α plasmid transfection), empty plasmid+TBI group (OGD/R after empty plasmid transfection), HIF-1α overexpression+TBI group (OGD/R after HIF-1α plasmid transfection); the expressions of HIF-1α, BNIP3, LC3-II, P62, TOMM20 and COX IV, apoptosis rate and LDH activity in neurons of each group were determined. Results:(1) In Experiment 1, compared with siRNA control group, siRNA+TBI group had significantly increased BNIP3 expression and LC3-II/I ratio, significantly decreased P62, TOMM20 and COX IV expressions, and statistically increased apoptosis and LDH activity ( P<0.05); compared with siRNA+TBI group, BNIP3-siRNA+TBI group had significantly decreased BNIP3 expression and LC3-II/I ratio, significantly increased P62, TOMM20, and COX IV expressions, and significantly increased apoptosis and LDH activity ( P<0.05); under projective electron microscope, siRNA+TBI group had increased autophagosomes compared with siRNA control group, while BNIP3-siRNA+TBI group had decreased autophagosomes compared with siRNA+TBI group. (2) In Experiment 2, compared with siRNA+TBI group, HIF-1α-siRNA+TBI group had significantly decreased expressions of HIF-1α and BNIP3, and LC3-II/I ratio, significantly increased expressions of P62, TOMM20 and COX IV, and significantly increased apoptosis and LDH activity ( P<0.05); compared with empty plasmid+TBI group, HIF-1α overexpression+TBI group had statistically higher expressions of HIF-1α and BNIP3, and LC3-II/I ratio, significantly decreased expressions of P62, TOMM20 and COX IV, and significantly decreased apoptosis and LDH activity ( P<0.05). Conclusion:HIF-1α can mitigate TBI-induced neuronal apoptosis via promoting BNIP3-mediated mitophagy.