OBJECTIVE Based on comment texts from the Weibo platform， this study adopts the text mining method to systematically analyze the public’s emotional attitudes and core concerns of “medical insurance reimbursement”， and explore the public’s real experiences and feedback in the implementation of the current system. METHODS With “medical insurance reimbursement” as the keyword， Python web crawler technology was used to collect Weibo comment texts from December 2023 to April 2025. Word frequency analysis， sentiment analysis， semantic network analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation （LDA） topic models were adopted to mine the in-depth features of comment texts and investigate the public’s concerns and emotional attitudes toward “medical insurance reimbursement”. RESULTS A total of 3 645 valid comment texts were obtained. The overall emotional of the public toward “medical insurance reimbursement” was weakly positive： 66.4% of the comments contained positive emotions， and 32.4% contained negative emotions. Semantic network analysis indicated that positive public emotions mainly centered on the achievements of medical insurance reform and the improvement of security level， while negative emotions mainly focused on reimbursement rules， economic burden and the implementation of medical insurance policies. The LDA model identified eight core themes， mainly including access of new drugs to medical insurance catalogs， medical insurance support for traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine， disputes over medical insurance coverage of specific medical items， cross-regional medical treatment and medical insurance settlement， medical insurance reimbursement and medical burden， as well as the approval of innovative drugs and medical insurance payment. CONCLUSIONS The public generally holds a positive attitude toward “medical insurance reimbursement”， yet still has many expectations in terms of policy implementation. On the premise of guaranteeing the sustainability of medical insurance funds， it is suggested to further improve the transparency and fairness of the reimbursement process， and promote the scientific， standardized and efficient development of the medical insurance system. Meanwhile， attention should be paid to public opinion feedback on social media， and the policy communication mechanism should be strengthened， so as to enhance the public’s sense of gain and trust in the medical insurance system.

OBJECTIVE Based on comment texts from the Weibo platform， this study adopts the text mining method to systematically analyze the public’s emotional attitudes and core concerns of “medical insurance reimbursement”， and explore the public’s real experiences and feedback in the implementation of the current system. METHODS With “medical insurance reimbursement” as the keyword， Python web crawler technology was used to collect Weibo comment texts from December 2023 to April 2025. Word frequency analysis， sentiment analysis， semantic network analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation （LDA） topic models were adopted to mine the in-depth features of comment texts and investigate the public’s concerns and emotional attitudes toward “medical insurance reimbursement”. RESULTS A total of 3 645 valid comment texts were obtained. The overall emotional of the public toward “medical insurance reimbursement” was weakly positive： 66.4% of the comments contained positive emotions， and 32.4% contained negative emotions. Semantic network analysis indicated that positive public emotions mainly centered on the achievements of medical insurance reform and the improvement of security level， while negative emotions mainly focused on reimbursement rules， economic burden and the implementation of medical insurance policies. The LDA model identified eight core themes， mainly including access of new drugs to medical insurance catalogs， medical insurance support for traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine， disputes over medical insurance coverage of specific medical items， cross-regional medical treatment and medical insurance settlement， medical insurance reimbursement and medical burden， as well as the approval of innovative drugs and medical insurance payment. CONCLUSIONS The public generally holds a positive attitude toward “medical insurance reimbursement”， yet still has many expectations in terms of policy implementation. On the premise of guaranteeing the sustainability of medical insurance funds， it is suggested to further improve the transparency and fairness of the reimbursement process， and promote the scientific， standardized and efficient development of the medical insurance system. Meanwhile， attention should be paid to public opinion feedback on social media， and the policy communication mechanism should be strengthened， so as to enhance the public’s sense of gain and trust in the medical insurance system.

Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix are the dried roots of Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii of the Leguminosae family， respectively. Since their separate inclusion in the 2005 edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China， the two herbs have been individually recorded. Although they share the same functions and indications， the required content of puerarin differs by a factor of up to eightfold between them. The current quality standard relies solely on a single indicator， puerarin， which fails to reflect the correlation between chemical constituents and core therapeutic effects. This has resulted in prominent issues of mixed use in clinical practice and production， thereby constraining the high-quality development of the industry. Modern research has demonstrated that Puerariae Lobatae Radix contains a comprehensive range and higher content of isoflavonoid constituents， while Puerariae Thomsonii Radix is rich in starch and polysaccharides. Puerariae Lobatae Radix exhibits stronger effects in antipyresis， cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection， and central analgesia， while Puerariae Thomsonii Radix demonstrates greater advantages in anti-inflammation， hypoglycemia， and peripheral analgesia. Based on this， the chemical material bases of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix at both the macromolecule and micromolecule levels were systematically reviewed and compared. The pharmacodynamic material bases and mechanisms of action underlying their three core therapeutic effects， namely "relieving exterior syndrome and clearing heat"， "promoting fluid production to quench thirst"， and "dredging channels and activating collaterals"， were summarized. The most highly correlated common metabolic pathway shared by both herbs for these three therapeutic effects is the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway， and their common core target is prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2）. This review provided clinical application recommendations based on the therapeutic differences between the two herbs， elucidated the scientific connotation of their "same origin but different effects"， and， grounded in the quality marker （Q-Marker）， proposed the concept of efficacy-related Q-Marker based on "substance-efficacy-syndrome" association， as well as a novel strategy for efficacy-oriented quality evaluation. Preliminary screening of quality markers associated with different therapeutic effects was also conducted. This study aims to provide critical scientific evidence for the precise clinical application of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix， the improvement of quality standards， and the high-quality development of the industry.

Objective : To explore the factors influencing the efficacy of first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs) in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced lung adenocarcinoma and to construct and validate a corresponding nomogram prediction model. Methods : A total of 220 patients with EGFR-mutated advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with icotinib were enrolled and randomly divided into a training group(154 cases) and a validation group(66 cases) in a 7 ∶3 ratio. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting the efficacy of first-generation EGFR-TKIs in the training group. A prediction model was constructed, and calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were plotted to validate the model′s performance. Results: In the training group, the objective response rate was 35.71%, the disease control rate was 77.27%, the median progression-free survival(PFS) was 12.5 months, the median overall survival was 18 months, the 2-year OS rate was 66.23%, and the PFS rate was 42.21%. Univariate analysis showed that brain metastasis, bone metastasis, TNM stage, differentiation degree, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), post-treatment p53 levels, p53 difference(Δp53), post-treatment cancer antigen gene(CAGE) levels, and CAGE difference(ΔCAGE) were associated with PFS(P2=4.429, P=0.351). ROC curve analysis in the training group showed that the nomogram model had a sensitivity of 80.00%, specificity of 77.53%, and AUC of 0.864 for predicting therapeutic efficacy, while the validation group showed a sensitivity of 74.08%, specificity of 71.43%, and AUC of 0.835. Conclusion Changes in lung cancer autoantibodies(Δp53 and ΔCAGE), TNM stage, and NLR are key factors influencing the efficacy of first-generation EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutated advanced lung adenocarcinoma. The nomogram prediction model based on p53 and CAGE demonstrates good predictive performance.

ObjectiveTo investigate the perceived experience and acceptance of intrapartum ultrasound （IPUS） as a novel method for labor progress assessment among pregnant women. MethodsFrom February 2023 to December 2024， a total of 180 pregnant women admitted to the Labor Ward of Lingnan Hospital， the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University， who were planned for vaginal trial of labor ， were accessed for labor progress using IPUS and vaginal examination （VE） after the onset of labor and prior to the initiation n of labor analgesia. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the women's perceived experiences with both examination methods and their acceptance of IPUS. The pain intensity associated with the examinations was evaluated using the visual analogue pain scale （VAS）. Differences in the women's experiences and pain intensity between the two labor progress assessment methods were compared. ResultsThe acceptance rate of IPUS was 96.67% （174/180）， with the remaining 6 cases undecided. Over 60% of the pregnant women reported IPUS assessment as comfortable and none of them felt discomfort， whereas 32.8% felt uncomfortable with VE （χ²=196.02， P＜0.001）. Nearly two-thirds of the pregnant women believed that VE would cause psychological distress， while none reported such effect with IPUS （χ²=261.52， P＜0.001）. Approximately 77.78% （140/180） of the pregnant women believed that IPUS could reduce their fear of vaginal delivery and enhance their confidence if it replaced VE. The VAS score for IPUS ［0 （0， 2）］ was significantly lower than that for VE ［4 （4， 6）］ （Z=-14.62， P＜0.001）. Further stratified analysis showed that over 90% （164/180） of the pregnant women found IPUS painless， with no moderate or severe pain reported， compared to 43.33% （78/180） experienced moderate or severe pain with VE （P＜0.001）. ConclusionAs a novel approach for labor progress assessment， IPUS not only alleviates the pain and discomfort associated with traditional VE and reduces the fear of childbirth but also enhances women's confidence in delivery， thereby achieving a high level of acceptance among parturient women in China.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and its related factors of rituximab (RTX) in the treatment of children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (FRNS/SDNS).Methods:It was a single-center retrospective study. The clinical data of FRNS/SDNS children first treated with RTX in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from November 1, 2016 to September 1, 2023 were collected. The number of relapse within 1 year before and after RTX treatment, the time to first relapse after RTX treatment, and the time to B-cell reconstitution were analyzed. At the first treatment, a single dose of RTX was given at 375 mg/m 2, with a maximum dose of 500 mg, once a week, for 1 to 4 doses. The count of CD19 + lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the children was continuously monitored. If B-cell reconstruction was performed, the decision on whether to proceed to the next course of RTX treatment was made based on clinical manifestations. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze relapse-free survival rate after receiving RTX. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the related factors of relapse after RTX treatment. Results:A total of 98 FRNS/SDNS children receiving RTX treatment were enrolled, including 75 males (76.5%). The age at onset was 4.0 (1.9, 7.1) years and age of receiving RTX was 11.3 (8.5, 13.5) years. There were 90 children (91.8%) achieving complete remission, while 8 patients (8.2%) did not respond to RTX treatment, and 3 patients (3.1%) progressed to end-stage kidney disease after receiving RTX. The relapse-free survival rates at 6 months and 1 year after RTX treatment were 83.3% (75/90) and 57.9% (22/38), respectively. The frequency of relapse 1 year after RTX treatment decreased compared to 1 year before RTX treatment ( Z=-7.398, P<0.001). Compared with children without relapse during the period of B-cell depletion, relapsed children had a higher number of relapse within one year after RTX treatment ( Z=5.246, P<0.001). The time to first relapse after RTX treatment was 8.3 (4.6, 13.9) months in 51 relapse patients. Compared with children receiving 1 dose of RTX in the first course, those receiving 2 or more doses had a longer time to the first relapse ( Z=2.983, P=0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in time to the first relapse between children who received mycophenolate mofetil therapy after RTX treatment and those who didn't ( P>0.05). The reconstruction time of B cells after the first course of RTX was 6.9 (5.3, 9.0) months. Compared to children receiving one dose of RTX in the first course, those receiving two or more doses had a longer B-cell reconstitution time ( Z=2.739, P=0.006). There was no statistically significant difference in B-cell reconstitution time between children who received mycophenolate mofetil therapy after RTX treatment and those who didn't ( P>0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that recurrence after calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) treatment before RTX treatment and the number of recurrence in one year before RTX treatment were correlated factors of recurrence after RTX treatment (both P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that recurrence after CNI treatment before RTX treatment was an independent correlated factor of relapse after RTX therapy ( HR=3.496, 95% CI 1.245-9.818, P=0.018). Infusion reactions occurred in 10 patients (10.2%) and infections were observed in 24 patients (24.5%) during B cell depletion. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions:RTX is well tolerated and effective in treating FRNS/SDNS. Recurrence after CNI treatment before RTX treatment may be an independent related factor of relapse after RTX treatment.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and its related factors of rituximab (RTX) in the treatment of children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (FRNS/SDNS).Methods:It was a single-center retrospective study. The clinical data of FRNS/SDNS children first treated with RTX in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from November 1, 2016 to September 1, 2023 were collected. The number of relapse within 1 year before and after RTX treatment, the time to first relapse after RTX treatment, and the time to B-cell reconstitution were analyzed. At the first treatment, a single dose of RTX was given at 375 mg/m 2, with a maximum dose of 500 mg, once a week, for 1 to 4 doses. The count of CD19 + lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the children was continuously monitored. If B-cell reconstruction was performed, the decision on whether to proceed to the next course of RTX treatment was made based on clinical manifestations. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze relapse-free survival rate after receiving RTX. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the related factors of relapse after RTX treatment. Results:A total of 98 FRNS/SDNS children receiving RTX treatment were enrolled, including 75 males (76.5%). The age at onset was 4.0 (1.9, 7.1) years and age of receiving RTX was 11.3 (8.5, 13.5) years. There were 90 children (91.8%) achieving complete remission, while 8 patients (8.2%) did not respond to RTX treatment, and 3 patients (3.1%) progressed to end-stage kidney disease after receiving RTX. The relapse-free survival rates at 6 months and 1 year after RTX treatment were 83.3% (75/90) and 57.9% (22/38), respectively. The frequency of relapse 1 year after RTX treatment decreased compared to 1 year before RTX treatment ( Z=-7.398, P<0.001). Compared with children without relapse during the period of B-cell depletion, relapsed children had a higher number of relapse within one year after RTX treatment ( Z=5.246, P<0.001). The time to first relapse after RTX treatment was 8.3 (4.6, 13.9) months in 51 relapse patients. Compared with children receiving 1 dose of RTX in the first course, those receiving 2 or more doses had a longer time to the first relapse ( Z=2.983, P=0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in time to the first relapse between children who received mycophenolate mofetil therapy after RTX treatment and those who didn't ( P>0.05). The reconstruction time of B cells after the first course of RTX was 6.9 (5.3, 9.0) months. Compared to children receiving one dose of RTX in the first course, those receiving two or more doses had a longer B-cell reconstitution time ( Z=2.739, P=0.006). There was no statistically significant difference in B-cell reconstitution time between children who received mycophenolate mofetil therapy after RTX treatment and those who didn't ( P>0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that recurrence after calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) treatment before RTX treatment and the number of recurrence in one year before RTX treatment were correlated factors of recurrence after RTX treatment (both P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that recurrence after CNI treatment before RTX treatment was an independent correlated factor of relapse after RTX therapy ( HR=3.496, 95% CI 1.245-9.818, P=0.018). Infusion reactions occurred in 10 patients (10.2%) and infections were observed in 24 patients (24.5%) during B cell depletion. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions:RTX is well tolerated and effective in treating FRNS/SDNS. Recurrence after CNI treatment before RTX treatment may be an independent related factor of relapse after RTX treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of tetrandrine(Tet)on injury of primary human articular chondro-cytes induced by interleukin-1β(IL-1β).Methods Human articular chondrocytes were divided into control group,IL-1β group,hypoxia inducible factor(HIF-1α)inhibitor group[2-methoxyestradiol(2-ME2)group],Tet groups containing low,medium and high concentrations.Each group has six replicated samples.MTT assay was used to de-tect the viability of cells;cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry;the level of inflammatory related factors like tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),matrix metalloproteinase 3(MMP-3),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)and the activity of antioxidant factors like super oxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxides(GPx)in cells were detected by ELISA;Western blot was used to detect the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in cells.Results Compared with the control group,the apoptosis rate,level of TNF-α,MMP-3,iNOS,COX-2 and the protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in IL-1β group all increased,the cell survival rate and the activity of SOD and GPx significantly decreased(P＜0.05);compared with IL-1β group,the apoptosis rate,the level of TNF-α,MMP-3,iNOS,COX-2 and the protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in 2-ME2 group and Tet groups with low,medium,and high concentration significanthy decreased(P＜0.05).The cell survival rate and the activity of SOD and GPx significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Tetrandrine attenuates IL-1β-in-duced injury of human articular chondrocytes.

Objective:To explore the associations between thyroid function in the first trimester in twin pregnancies and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risk factors of twin pregnancies complicated by GDM.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 745 twin pregnancies delivered after 28 weeks at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2015 to December 2021, and they were divided into GDM group ( n=186) and the control (non-GDM) group ( n=559). Thyroid dysfunction was diagnosed based on the reference range of singleton and twin pregnancies recommended by the Guideline on diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases (2nd edition) in China and the literature, respectively. Independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, or Fisher exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the general clinical characteristics and thyroid function between the two groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the first trimester as well as glucose levels in 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The associations between FT 4, TSH at different levels, and the detection rate of GDM, and the risk factors of GDM in twin pregnancies were analyzed using logistic regression. Results:(1) The prevalence of GDM in twin pregnancies was 25.0% (186/745). The positive rate of TPOAb was 13.6% (101/745). FPG in the first trimester was higher in the GDM group than that in the control [(4.7±0.5) vs (4.5±0.4) mmol/L, t=－5.08, P<0.001]. (2) No correlation between FT 4, TSH levels, the positive rate of TPOAb in the first trimester and FPG in the first trimester as well as OGTT results was found (all P>0.05). (3) There was no significant difference when using the thyroid function reference range for twin or singleton pregnancy in detecting hypothyroidism [0.5% (4/745) vs 0.4% (3/745)] and subclinical hypothyroidism [1.2% (9/745) vs 1.3% (10/745)] among the included subjects (both P>0.05), however, there were significant differences in the detection rates of hypothyroxinemia alone [25.0% (186/745) vs 12.9% (96/745)], hyperthyroidism [2.4% (18/745) vs 12.9% (96/745)] and subclinical hyperthyroidism [5.8% (43/745) vs 12.1% (90/745)]( χ2 were 35.43, 33.43 and 18.24, all P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of thyroid disease between the GDM and control groups (all P>0.05). (4) FT 4 and TSH levels were grouped into quartiles ( Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4), which showed that the detection rate of GDM was the highest [27.8% (52/187)] in women with FT 4 in Q1 and was the lowest [23.0% (43/187)] in those with FT 4 in Q2. However, the detection rate was the lowest in women with TSH in Q1 [24.1% (45/187)] and was the highest [27.4%(51/186)] in those with TSH in Q4. Taking Q1 of FT 4 and TSH as a reference, the logistic regression model showed that there were no statistically significant differences between FT 4, TSH at different levels, and GDM, even after adjusting for age, preconception-body mass index (pre-BMI), family history of diabetes, mode of conception, and chorionicity (all P>0.05). (5) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.15), pre-BMI ( OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.07-1.21), family history of diabetes ( OR=2.73, 95% CI: 1.53-4.85), and FPG in the first trimester ( OR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.38-3.32) were independent risk factors for twin pregnancies complicated by GDM. Conclusions:Twin pregnant women with higher maternal age, pre-BMI, FPG in the first trimester and family history of diabetes were at higher risk of GDM. No significant correlation is found between maternal thyroid function in the first trimester and GDM in twin pregnancies.

Rituximab is the main monoclonal antibody for targeted therapy currently. With more rituximab biosimilars appearing and clinical evaluation need increasing, it is crucial to develop rapid and effective quantitative methods to determine the rituximab blood concentration in biological matrices for drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) analysis. This article reviewed the application of ligand binding method (LBA), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and emerging quantitative technology to detect the blood concentration of Rituximab, which may provide valuable information for the analysts and testers when developing quantitative methods for rituximab and its biosimilars.