To explore the correlation between MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia(Hcy), and hyperlipidemia in the Tibetan population of Tibet.

Objective:To assess common errors in head and neck CT angiography (CTA) image reports using four types of large language models (LLM), namely GPT-4, DeepSeek, ERNIE Bot and SparkDesk, and to assess the feasibility of using existing LLMs to support quality control of radiology reports in Chinese.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. Totally 1 000 head and neck CTA image reports were randomly selected using the simple random sampling method from Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in 2023, including 500 primary reports and 500 finalized reports. Two radiologists collaboratively identified six types of errors in the reports: description errors, writing errors, left-right confusion errors, diagnostic omissions, logical sequence errors, and other errors. The overall quality of the reports was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Subsequently, GPT-4, DeepSeek, ERNIE Bot and SparkDesk models were employed to detect the same six types of errors in the imaging reports and to provide overall scoring. The results from manual review were considered the gold standard for calculating F1 score to evaluate model performance. Intra-class correlation coefficients ( ICC) were used to assess the consistency between manual scores and the overall scores from the four LLMs. Results:In the primary imaging reports, the proportions of manually detected errors were as follows: descriptive errors 2.6% (13/500), writing errors 0.6% (3/500), left-right confusion errors 0, diagnostic omissions 6.4% (32/500), logical sequence errors 5.2% (26/500), and other errors 0. In the finalized imaging reports, the proportions of errors across the six categories were 0.2% (1/500), 0, 0, 0, 0, and 0.2% (1/500), respectively. For error detection in the primary imaging reports, the F1 scores of GPT-4 for the six error types were 0.992, 0.997, 0.997, 0.967, 0.980, and 0.992, respectively. DeepSeek achieved F1 scores of 0.980, 0.955, 0.981, 0.920, 0.995, and 0.960; ERNIE Bot scored 0.982, 0.990, 1.000, 0.956, 0.976, and 0.999; and SparkDesk achieved 0.985, 0.995, 1.000, 0.961, 0.982, and 1.000. In the detection of errors in finalized imaging reports, GPT-4′s F1 scores were 0.994, 0.995, 0.998, 0.973, 0.989, and 0.993; DeepSeek scored 0.968, 0.965, 0.985, 0.971, 0.991, and 0.983; ERNIE Bot achieved 0.996, 0.992, 1.000, 0.983, 0.999, and 0.997; and SparkDesk achieved 0.999, 0.999, 1.000, 1.000, 1.000, and 0.999. The consistency between GPT-4, DeepSeek, and SparkDesk models and human ratings was moderate, with ICC values of 0.514, 0.560, and 0.515 respectively (all P0.001); in contrast, the overall score of ERNIE Bot showed poor consistency with human ratings, with an ICC of 0.221 ( P0.001). Conclusion:LLMs demonstrate high accuracy in detecting errors in head and neck CTA imaging reports. The overall scoring of report quality shows moderate consistency with manual assessments, indicating a certain feasibility for automated quality control in reporting.

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of Shaoqi Yijia Prescription in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)with liver depression and spleen deficiency in the non-hypothyroidism stage and its effect on serum inflammatory factors.METHODS A total of 74 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis of liver depression and spleen deficiency type in the non-hypothyroid-ism stage who were treated in Putuo District Central Hospital in Shanghai from June to August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 37 cases in each group(2 cases dropped out in each group).The control group was treated with oral selenium yeast tablets,and the observation group was treated with Shaoqi Yijia Prescription,both for 12 weeks.The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)and fatigue self-assessment scale(FSAS)scores were evaluated before and after treatment;the thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb),thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)and serum inflammatory factors interleukin 4(IL-4),IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were detected before and after treatment in the two groups of patients.RESULTS After treatment,the total score of TCM syndrome and the scores of epigastric or hypochondrium pain,abdominal distension,poor appetite,depression or irritability,and frequent sighs in the observation group were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the total score of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P<0.01);after treatment,the serum TPOAb level of the observation group was significantly re-duced(P<0.05),the serum TPOAb level of the control group did not change significantly(P>0.05),and the serum TgAb and TPO-Ab levels of the observation group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05);after treatment,the HAMA and HAMD scores of the observation group were significantly reduced(P<0.01),and the HAMA,HAMD and FSAS scores of the observation group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05);after treatment,the serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels of the observation group were in-creased(P<0.05),and the IL-6,IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05).The se-rum IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 levels of the observation group were significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Shaoqi Yijia Prescription can alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis of liver depres-sion and spleen deficiency type in the non-hypothyroid period,and improve anxiety and depression,which may be related to improving the body's inflammatory response.

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of Shaoqi Yijia Prescription in the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)with liver depression and spleen deficiency in the non-hypothyroidism stage and its effect on serum inflammatory factors.METHODS A total of 74 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis of liver depression and spleen deficiency type in the non-hypothyroid-ism stage who were treated in Putuo District Central Hospital in Shanghai from June to August 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 37 cases in each group(2 cases dropped out in each group).The control group was treated with oral selenium yeast tablets,and the observation group was treated with Shaoqi Yijia Prescription,both for 12 weeks.The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)and fatigue self-assessment scale(FSAS)scores were evaluated before and after treatment;the thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb),thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)and serum inflammatory factors interleukin 4(IL-4),IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were detected before and after treatment in the two groups of patients.RESULTS After treatment,the total score of TCM syndrome and the scores of epigastric or hypochondrium pain,abdominal distension,poor appetite,depression or irritability,and frequent sighs in the observation group were significantly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the total score of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P<0.01);after treatment,the serum TPOAb level of the observation group was significantly re-duced(P<0.05),the serum TPOAb level of the control group did not change significantly(P>0.05),and the serum TgAb and TPO-Ab levels of the observation group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05);after treatment,the HAMA and HAMD scores of the observation group were significantly reduced(P<0.01),and the HAMA,HAMD and FSAS scores of the observation group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05);after treatment,the serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels of the observation group were in-creased(P<0.05),and the IL-6,IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05).The se-rum IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 levels of the observation group were significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Shaoqi Yijia Prescription can alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis of liver depres-sion and spleen deficiency type in the non-hypothyroid period,and improve anxiety and depression,which may be related to improving the body's inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the potential value of nobiletin(NOB)in the treatment of dry eyes in type 2 di-abetes mellitus(T2DM-DE)and its effect on the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators(CFTRs).Methods The T2DM mouse model was established by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin,and then the T2DM-DE mouse model was induced by benzalkonium chloride.These mice were divided into 6 groups:the NC group,the T2DM-DE group,the L-NOB group,the M-NOB group,the H-NOB group,and the CFTR inhibitor group.Mice in the NC and T2DM-DE groups were provided with phosphate buffer saline(PBS)containing 0.5％Tween80 through oral ga-vage;those in the L-NOB,M-NOB,and H-NOB groups were provided with 50,100,and 200 mg?kg-1?d-1 NOB solu-tions,respectively,through oral gavage;those in the CFTR inhibitor group were provided with 200 mg?kg-1?d-1 NOB solution through oral gavage and intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg?kg-1?d-1 CFTR(inh)-172.The intervention in these groups was provided for 4 weeks.The fasting blood glucose(FPG),tear secretion,tear film break-up time(BUT),corne-al fluorescein sodium staining grade,and interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β),IL-6,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)levels in tears of mice were detected.Besides,the periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining of conjunctival goblet cells and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining of the cornea were performed respectively.The mRNA and protein expression levels of CFTRs,Bax,and Bcl-2 in the cornea were measured by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot.Results Compared with the NC group,the FPG of mice in the T2DM-DE group increased;the level of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-α in tears increased;the corneal fluorescein sodium staining grade and TUNEL positive rate increased(all P＜0.05);the tear secretion,BUT,and the number of conjunctival goblet cells decreased;the mRNA and protein expression levels of CFTRs decreased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the T2DM-DE group,the FPG of mice in the L-NOB,M-NOB,and H-NOB groups decreased;the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-α in tears decreased;the corneal fluorescein sodium staining grade and TUNEL positive rate decreased(all P＜0.05),the tear secretion,BUT,and the number of conjunctival goblet cells increased;the mRNA and protein expression levels of CFTRs increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the H-NOB group,the FPG of mice in the CFTR inhibitor group increased;the levels of IL-1 β,IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-α in tear increased;the corneal fluorescein sodium staining grade and TUNEL positive rate increased(all P＜0.05);the tear secretion,BUT,and the number of conjunctival goblet cells de-creased;the mRNA and protein expression levels of CFTRs decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion NOB can reduce the blood glucose level by activating CFTRs,inhibit inflammation,and promote the survival of conjunctival goblet cells and cor-neal cells in T2DM-DE mice,thus playing a role in the treatment of T2DM-DE.

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a major cause of female infertility, characterized by a complex and multifactorial etiology involving aging, genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune mechanisms. Therapeutic options for DOR remain limited, with no currently established treatments demonstrating consistently robust efficacy. Recent advances in regenerative medicine—including the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives, platelet-rich plasma and in vitro activation—have opened promising new avenues for ovarian function restoration. This review offers a comprehensive summary of research progress in DOR treatment over the past five years, covering hormonal therapies, assisted reproductive technologies, nutritional supplementation and lifestyle modifications, Traditional Chinese Medicine, targeted therapies, and regenerative medicine approaches, with the aim of providing guidance for clinical management of DOR.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Hair follicles are complex organs consisting of multiple cell types. Single-cell sequencing technology can identify the transcriptional characteristics of various cell types and subsets in tissues at the single-cell level, comprehensively revealing the heterogeneity among cell populations. This review focuses on the latest advances in the application of single-cell sequencing to the study on molecular characteristics of mouse and human hair follicle cells and cell fate regulation, as well as aging, microbial symbiosis, and the pathogenesis of hair loss and hair graying. Single-cell sequencing can serve as a novel tool for studying the morphogenesis, cell types, physiological and pathological states of hair follicles, and has revealed important information that had not been found in traditional research, which is meaningful for hair-related studies.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera in China from 2005 to 2024.Methods:A total of 2 066 cholera cases were included in the study, which were obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System (CDPCIS) of China CDC. The information on cholera clusters was downloaded from the National Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System (PHEESS) of China CDC. A total of 128 cholera clusters were included and analyzed in this study. The epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of cholera were analyzed. The Jointpoint model was applied to analyze the incidence trend, and annual percentage change (APC) was also quantified.Results:From 2005 to 2024, a total of 2 066 cholera cases were reported, with an average of 103 cases reported annually. Specifically, the incidence showed a marked downward trend from 2004 to 2015 ( APC=-26.78%, P=0.006). During 2015-2024, the disease remained at low endemic levels, with an average of 18 reported cases annually ( APC=-2.68%, P=0.807). Cholera peak season was from May to October. A total of 24 provinces reported cholera cases, which were mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Beijing, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangdong, and Hainan provinces, accounting for 78.03% of the total cases. Pathogen surveillance indicated an alternating prevalence of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 among laboratory-confirmed cases between 2005 and 2024. There was a disparity in the dominant serogroup of Vibrio cholerae by region. The results from 128 cholera clusters indicated that cholera outbreaks frequently occurred in rural banquets (64.84%), followed by regular restaurants (13.28%). Among these, 63 clusters (49.22%) with identified infection sources indicated that foodborne transmission (95.24%) was the primary mode of cholera transmission, which mainly through seafood and aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles, shrimp and shellfish. The characteristics of cholera clusters caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 showed statistically significant differences in scale, attack rate, place of residence, setting, and infection source ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Cholera incidence has remained consistently low since 2015 in China, mainly in sporadic cases. Rural gatherings (e.g., wedding banquets) are the main settings for cholera clusters. The main infection sources are predominantly caused by cross-contamination due to improper processing practices of aquatic products, such as soft-shelled turtles.

Objective To investigate the status quo of indwelling needles use in the hospitals at all lev-els in Chongqing city,and to evaluate the normalization and safety of indwelling needles use by referring to Nursing Practice Standards for Intravenous Therapy.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used in July 2023 to conduct a cross-sectional survey on the use of indwelling needles in the hospitals at all levels in Chongqing city.Results A total of 30 807 patients in 77 hospitals were included,among them 62.67%used indwelling needles.The closed type indwelling needles accounted for 88.87%and the safety type indwelling needles accounted for 41.74%.Non-needle infusion connectors accounted for 37.78%,and steel needle con-nected with heparin caps accounted for 51.69%.95.66%of puncture site was in the upper limb,the non-cor-rosive drug infusion accounted for 87.57%,and the complications occurrence rate was 2.46%.Among the 6 419 surveyed nurses,75.51%removed indwelling needles based on clinical indications.There were statistically significant differences in the usage rates of closed type indwelling needles and non-needle infusion connectors among hospitals at different levels(P<0.05).There were also statistically significant differences in the inci-dence rates of complication and phlebitis(P<0.05).Conclusion The overall application of indwelling needles in the hospitals at all levels in Chongqing city is generally standardized,but the use of safety type indwelling needles and needle-free infusion connectors still needs to be improved.