This article discusses the important role and practical experience of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as a bridgehead between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the joint prevention and control of cross-border infectious diseases between China and Vietnam. The cross-border transmission of infectious diseases has been effectively managed in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region through a package of strategies, including government leadership, construction of the joint prevention and control mechanism, establishment of dialogue platforms, collaboration of scientific researches, and personnel exchange and training; however, there are still challenges. Further deepening of collaboration is required to meet future needs for infectious disease prevention and control.

Objective:To explore the application value of P1 response threshold of cortical auditory evoked potential（CAEP） in evaluating the rehabilitation effect of cochlear implant in young children. Methods:Thirty-three young children after cochlear implantation were divided into groups according to hearing age: Group A（hearing age 1-<2 years old） 10 people; Group B（hearing age 2-<3 years old） 13 people; Group C（hearing age 3-<4 years old） 10 people. The subjective assessment was carried out using the assessment tool for hearing-impaired children- "Criteria and Methods for assessing Auditory and language ability of hearing-impaired children" and objective electrophysiological examination was carried out using CAEP to evaluate the rehabilitation effect. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results:The results of subjective assessment of auditory ability and language ability in each group showed an increasing trend with the increase of auditory age. In this study, the P1 response threshold of CAEP in CI implanted children had a significant positive correlation with the 2 kHz hearing threshold after intervention, and the P1 response threshold of CAEP was negatively correlated with many items in subjective auditory ability and language ability assessment. Conclusion:The P1 response threshold of CAEP has a stable correlation with the results of speech audiometry, which can effectively and objectively evaluate the postoperative rehabilitation effect of young children with cochlear implantation.
Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Male ; Female ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Cochlear Implantation/rehabilitation* ; Cochlear Implants ; Auditory Threshold

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) participates in the phosphorylation and desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), impacting various biological processes such as inflammation and cell proliferation. Dysregulated expression and activity of GRK2 have been reported in multiple cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether and how GRK2 regulates synovial hyperplasia and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) proliferation is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the regulation of GRK2 and its biological function in RA. We found that GRK2 transmembrane activity was increased in FLSs of RA patients and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Additionally, we noted a positive correlation between high GRK2 expression on the cell membrane and serological markers associated with RA and CIA. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and pull-down analyses revealed tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) as a novel substrate of GRK2. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking assays determined that the C-terminus of GRK2 binds to the C-terminus of TRAF2 at the Gln340 residue. GRK2 knockdown and the GRK2 inhibitor CP-25 attenuated synovial hyperplasia and FLS proliferation in CIA both in vitro and in vivo by decreasing GRK2 membrane expression and activity. Mechanistically, increased GRK2 transmembrane activity contributed to the recruitment of TRAF2 on the cell membrane, promoting GRK2-TRAF2 interactions that facilitate the recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM47 to TRAF2. This enhanced TRAF2 Lys63 polyubiquitylation and induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, leading to synovial hyperplasia and abnormal proliferation of FLSs. Our study provides a mechanistic and preclinical rationale for further evaluation of GRK2 as a therapeutic target for RA.

OBJECTIVE: While higher therapeutic doses of toxic cardiac glycosides derived from Cerbera odollam are frequently employed in cases of suicide or homicide, ongoing research is investigating the potential anticancer properties of low-concentration extracts obtained from the fruits of C. odollam. The present study aimed to determine the enhanced anticancer effects and minimize potential side effects of combining extracts from C. odollam fruits from Thailand with sorafenib against HCT116 and HepG2 cells. METHODS: The dried powder of fresh green fruits of C. odollam was fractionated, and its phytochemical contents, including total cardiac glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, were quantified. The cytotoxic effects of these fractions were evaluated against HCT116 and HepG2 cells using the MTT assay. The fractions showing the most significant response in HCT116 and HepG2 cells were subsequently combined with sorafenib to examine their synergistic effects. Apoptosis induction, cell cycle progression, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were then assessed. The underlying mechanism of the apoptotic effect was further investigated by analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the expression levels of antioxidant proteins. RESULTS: Phytochemical analysis showed that C. odollam-ethyl acetate fraction (COEtOAc) was rich in cardiac glycosides, phenolics, and flavonoids, while the dichloromethane fraction (CODCM) contained high levels of triterpenoids and saponins. Following 24 h treatment, HCT116 showed the most significant response to COEtOAc, while HepG2 responded well to CODCM with IC₅₀ values of (42.04 ± 16.94) μg/mL and (123.75 ± 14.21) μg/mL, respectively. Consequently, COEtOAc (20 μg/mL) or CODCM (30 μg/mL), both administered at sub-IC₅₀ concentrations, were combined with sorafenib at 6 μmol/L for HCT116 cells and 2 μmol/L for HepG2 cells, incubated for 24 h. This combination resulted in a significant suppression in cell viability by approximately 50%. The combination of treatments markedly enhanced apoptosis, diminished MMP, and triggered G₀/G₁ phase cell cycle arrest compared to the effects of each treatment administered individually. Concurrently, increased formation of ROS and decreased expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase supported the proposed mechanism of apoptosis induction by the combination treatment. Importantly, the anticancer effect demonstrated a specific targeted action with a favorable safety profile, as evidenced by HFF-1 cells displaying IC₅₀ values 2-3 times higher than those of the cancer cells. CONCLUSION Utilizing sub-IC₅₀ concentrations of COEtOAc or CODCM in combination with sorafenib can enhance targeted anticancer effects beyond those achieved with single-agent treatments, while mitigating opposing side effects. Future research will focus on extracting and characterizing active constituents, especially cardiac glycosides, to enhance the therapeutic potential of anticancer compounds derived from toxic plants.

Objective To explore the association of diabetes status with the development of tuberculosis (TB) among the community population in Shanghai, and to provide evidence for the formulation of tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Methods This population-based cohort study was based on Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (SSACB) in China. The baseline data were acquired by questionnaires, physical examinations and blood biochemistry tests. TB incidence was obtained by matching with TB management information system data. A Cox proportional risk model was established to assess the risk of tuberculosis. Results A total of 36 014 research subjects were included, with an average age of 56.3±11.3 years, of which 14 587 (40.5%) were male. Over 6 years of follow-up, 47 individuals progressed to tuberculosis (incidence rate: 19.8 per 100 000 person-year, 95% CI: 14.6 -26.4). An increased risk of TB was observed in participants with newly diagnosed diabetes compared with those without diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.73; 95% CI, 1.19 - 6.28). Conclusion The risk of tuberculosis in newly diagnosed diabetic patients is significantly increased, and strengthening tuberculosis screening for this population should be considered in practical work.

Objective:To analyze and explore the diagnostic value of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and pathological data from 37 patients with suspected PGIL and admitted to Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Xiamen Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University between January 2021 and December 2023. The diagnostic accuracy for PGIL of initial endoscopic conventional biopsies was compared with that of ESD biopsies.Results:Among these patients, 6 were diagnosed as having primary gastrointestinal lymphoma by routine endoscopic biopsy, with a diagnostic rate of 16.22% (6/37). Of the 22 patients who underwent ESD, 20 were diagnosed as having primary gastrointestinal lymphoma, achieving a diagnostic rate of 90.91% (20/22), which was significantly higher than that of initial endoscopic routine biopsies ( χ2=31.228, P<0.05). Conclusion:ESD demonstrates significant diagnostic value for PGIL.

Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogen-associated biomarkers is vital for the early diagnosis and therapy of bacterial infections. Herein, we developed a close-packed and ordered Au@AgPt array coupled with a cascade triggering strategy for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and colorimetric identification of the Staphylococcus aureus biomarker micrococcal nuclease (MNase) in serum samples. The trimetallic Au@AgPt nanozymes can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) molecules to SERS-enhanced oxidized TMB (oxTMB), accompanied by the color change from colorless to blue. In the presence of S. aureus, the secreted MNase preferentially cut the nucleobase AT-rich regions of DNA sequences on magnetic beads (MBs) to release alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which subsequently mediated the oxTMB reduction for inducing the colorimetric/SERS signal fade away. Using this "on-to-off" triggering strategy, the target S. aureus can be recorded in a wide linear range with a limit of detection of 38 CFU/mL in the colorimetric mode and 6 CFU/mL in the SERS mode. Meanwhile, the MNase-mediated strategy characterized by high specificity and sensitivity successfully discriminated between patients with sepsis (n = 7) and healthy participants (n = 3), as well as monitored the prognostic progression of the disease (n = 2). Overall, benefiting from highly active and dense "hot spot" substrate, MNase-mediated cascade response strategy, and colorimetric/SERS dual-signal output, this methodology will offer a promising avenue for the early diagnosis of S. aureus infection.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory emergency, but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures. Our previous study confirmed that inhalation of hydrogen gas can reduce the acute lung injury of ARDS, but the application of hydrogen has flammable and explosive safety concerns. Drinking hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling hydrogen gas has been shown to play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial quality control balance, thus improving ARDS in patients and animal models. Coral calcium hydrogenation (CCH) is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier prepared from coral calcium (CC). Whether and how CCH affects acute lung injury in ARDS remains unstudied. In this study, we observed the therapeutic effect of CCH on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury in ARDS mice. The survival rate of mice treated with CCH and hydrogen inhalation was found to be comparable, demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the untreated ARDS model group. CCH treatment significantly reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and edema, and improved pulmonary function and local microcirculation in ARDS mice. CCH promoted mitochondrial peripheral division in the early course of ARDS by activating mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), improved lung mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS, and reduced oxidative stress damage. The results indicate that CCH is a highly efficient hydrogen-rich agent that can attenuate acute lung injury of ARDS by improving the mitochondrial function through Trx2 activation.

Objective:To observe the effects of shoulder-three-needle therapy plus joint mobilization and extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT)in improving symptoms and pain mediators in patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis.Methods:A total of 82 patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis were randomized into a control group and an observation group by the random number table method,with 41 cases in each group.The control group was treated with ESWT.The observation group was treated with additional shoulder-three-needle therapy plus joint mobilization based on the treatment in the control group.After 4 weeks of treatment,shoulder joint function,pain mediators,inflammatory factor levels,and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate and the score of shoulder joint function in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum pain mediators substance P(SP),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and prostaglandin E2(PGE2),as well as inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and C-reactive protein(CRP)decreased significantly in both groups(P<0.05).And,the serum pain mediators SP,5-HT,and PGE2,and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α,and CRP in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Shoulder-three-needle therapy plus joint mobilization and ESWT has a better curative effect than ESWT alone in treating scapulohumeral periarthritis.It can effectively improve the clinical symptoms,reduce the levels of pain mediators and inflammatory factors,and increase shoulder joint function.

Objective:To analyze the application of situational teaching method based on the OBE concept in the teaching of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing course for undergraduate nursing students,and evaluate its effect on their clinical practice and internship adaptability.Methods:The third-year nursing students from 2018 to 2021 in a university in Anhui Province were selected as the research objects.Thirty students were selected as the experimental group each academic year,and taught using situational teaching method based on the OBE concept.Another 30 students from the same academic year were selected as the control group and taught using the conventional teaching method.The course teaching evaluation and course assessment scores of the two groups were compared,and the clinical practice ability and internship adaptability were compared before and after 3 months of hospital internship.Results:There was no significant difference in the course teaching evaluation and course assessment scores between the two groups(P＞0.05).The case analysis score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01).The scores of each dimension and total score of the clinical practice ability scale after internship in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and the scores of each dimension and total score of the internship adaptability scale were also higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Based on the concept of OBE,the situational teaching method is beneficial to improving the ability of case analysis,and enhancing the clinical practice ability and internship adaptability of nursing students.