Objective:To analyze the epidemiological features of pediatric sepsis in the Kashgar region and investigate factors associated with its prognosis, thereby providing evidence for implementing regional public health prevention and control policies.Methods:A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted on the clinical data of pediatric sepsis patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of The First People′s Hospital of Kashgar between January 2022 and December 2023. For the assessment of clinical outcomes, this study utilized a composite endpoint comprising "length of hospital stay and survival status", classifying patients into two groups: Group A (survived with hospital stay <28 days) and Group B (hospital stay ≥28 days or in-hospital mortality). Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors associated with prognosis.Results:This study included a total of 79 pediatric patients with sepsis, with an age range of 1 month to 14 years and a median age of 8 months. Males accounted for 62.0% (49 males, 30 females). The rates of comorbid septic shock, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and acute kidney injury were 73.4% (58/79), 24.1% (19/79), and 16.5% (13/79), respectively. The primary site of infection was the gastrointestinal tract, accounting for 34.2% (27/79), followed by the respiratory tract at 30.4% (24/79). Pathogens were detected in 59.5% (47/79) of the patients, with Staphylococcus aureus identified in 11 cases, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli in 6 cases each, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 5 cases, and Candida albicans in 3 cases. The mechanical ventilation rate was 59.5% (47/79). The total hospital length of stay ranged from 1 to 55 days, with a median of 14 days, while the ICU length of stay ranged from 1 to 29 days, with a median of 6 days. In-hospital mortality occurred in 15 cases (19.0%). Group A comprised 56 patients (70.9%), and Group B comprised 23 patients (29.1%). Univariate analysis revealed that Group A had significantly higher mean arterial pressure (MAP), pediatric critical illness score (PCIS), and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (all P<0.05), and significantly lower pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ (PRISM Ⅲ), pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2), lactate levels, pediatric multiple organ dysfunction score (P-MODS), pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (pSOFA), septic shock rate, and mechanical ventilation rate compared to Group B (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis identified a high PELOD-2 score ( OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.16-1.64, P<0.001) as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis, while a high GCS ( OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74-0.88, P<0.001) served as a protective factor against poor prognosis. The combination of PELOD2 and GCS demonstrated good predictive ability for in-hospital outcomes in pediatric sepsis patients, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72-0.92). Conclusion:In children with sepsis in the Kashgar region, gastrointestinal tract infection represents the most common source of infection. Elevated PELOD-2 scores and reduced GCS are both indicative of a poorer prognosis, and a combined model integrating these two scoring systems may serve as a valuable tool for prognostic assessment.

Objective:To explore the application value of echocardiography in the management of pediatric mitral valve replacement.Methods:Thirty-three children who underwent mitral valve replacement at Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2009 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data and preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic data were collected. The differences in ultrasound parameters among preoperative，1-week postoperative，1-month postoperative and 1-year postoperative were compared.Results:Of the 33 children，there were 4 cases（12.12%）of mitral stenosis，33 cases（100%）of mitral regurgitation and 4 cases（12.12%）of mitral stenosis combined with regurgitation. Mechanical valve replacement was performed in 30 cases（90.91%）and bioprosthetic valve replacement in 3 cases（9.09%）. Compared with the preoperative period，the left atrial internal diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter were significantly reduced at 1-week postoperatively，1-month postoperatively，and 1-year postoperatively，respectively（all P <0.05）.The left ventricular mass was significantly reduced and the left ventricular end-diastolic sphericity index was significantly increased（both P < 0.05）at 1-month postoperatively compared with preoperatively. The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher at 1-year postoperatively compared with 1-week postoperatively（ P <0.05）. Conclusions:After pediatric mitral valve replacement，the left ventricular dimensions decrease，and cardiac function progressively recovers. Echocardiography is an essential tool for accurate preoperative assessment and postoperative follow-up in pediatric mitral valve replacement.

Objective:To study the expression of transcription factor 12 (TCF12) in colorectal cancer cells, and to explore the effects of TCF12 on proliferation, migration, and aerobic glycolysis of colorectal cancer HT-29 cells and its mechanism.Methods:After culturing, HT-29 cells were divided into a control group and a knockdown group based on treatment conditions, and were transfected with 50 nmol/L of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and TCF12 siRNA, respectively. On the basis of the knockdown group, HT-29 cells were infected with adenovirus vector overexpressing αB-crystallin (CRYAB) with an infection multiplicity of 50, which was set as the overexpression group. The relative expression of TCF12 in HT-29 cells was detected using Western blotting. The cell survival rate, cell clone number and cell migration number of HT-29 cells were detected using cell counting kit-8, clone formation assay and cell invasion assay, respectively. Glucose uptake, relative lactic acid production and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level of HT-29 cells were detected by related kits. The relative expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), CRYAB, phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K)/PI3K and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt)/Akt proteins were detected by Western blotting. Data were analyzed by an independent sample t test or one-way analysis of variance. Results:The relative expression of TCF12 protein in the knockdown group was lower than that in the control group (0.14±0.03 vs 0.99±0.05, t=7.526, P<0.01). The cell survival rate, the cell clone number and the cell migration number per unit field of view in the knockdown group were all lower than those in the control group [(60.00±5.10)% vs (94.67±2.08)%, t=15.368, P<0.01; 52±5 vs 148±6, t=23.164, P<0.01; 26±4 vs 78±4, t=18.265, P<0.01]. Glucose uptake, relative lactic acid production and ATP level in the knockdown group were lower than those in the control group [(0.41±0.04) mg/ml vs (1.27±0.07) mg/ml, t=22.567, P<0.01; (55.00±6.08)% vs (98.00±4.58)%, t=18.257, P<0.01; (8.33±1.25) μmol/L vs (19.67±1.70) μmol/L, t=13.165, P<0.01]. The relative expression of GLUT1, HK2 and LDHA proteins in the knockdown group were all lower than those in the control group (0.38±0.05 vs 0.98±0.09, 0.12±0.03 vs 0.97±0.04, and 0.64±0.05 vs 0.99±0.06, all P<0.01). The relative expression of CRYAB, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt proteins in the knockdown group were all lower than those in the control group (0.18±0.04 vs 0.92±0.03, t=11.265, P<0.01; 0.34±0.10 vs 0.92±0.04, t=18.257, P<0.01; 0.51±0.04 vs 1.11±0.07, t=13.165, P<0.01). The cell survival rate, the cell clone number and the cell migration number per unit field of view p in the overexpression group were all higher than those in the knockdown group [(97.00±6.56)% vs (45.67±6.03)%, t=12.762, P<0.01; 136.67±5.69 vs 44.33±6.03, t=22.585, P<0.01; 57.33±5.51 vs 24.67±4.51, t=25.312, P<0.01]. Glucose uptake, relative lactic acid production and ATP level in the overexpression group were all higher than those in the knockdown group [(1.25±0.08) mg/ml vs (0.51±0.05) mg/ml, t=22.164, P<0.01; (44.00±3.06)% vs (19.67±3.06)%, t=25.822, P<0.01; (21.00±2.00) μmol/L vs (9.33±1.53) μmol/L, t=18.876, P<0.01]. The relative expression level of CRYAB, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt proteins in the overexpression group were all higher than those in the knockdown group (6.00±0.63 vs 0.96±0.24, t=12.79, P<0.01; 2.13±0.25 vs 0.10±0.03, t=13.90, P<0.01; 2.07±0.21 vs 0.46±0.04, t=13.17, P<0.01). Conclusions:TCF12 may promote the proliferation, migration and aerobic glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells by regulating CRYAB/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

The 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Volume Ⅳ has added General Chapter 9211"Guidelines for the Application of Water Activity in Microbial Control of Non-sterile Pharmaceuticals".This guideline is rela-tively new in China's pharmaceutical industry,and it also serves as an important concept and measure to compre-hensively promote microbial process control of pharmaceuticals,conduct microbial quality risk management,and optimize microbial limit setting for non-sterile pharmaceuticals.This article elaborates and interprets the guidelines from four aspects:the background of establishing the guidelines,the necessity and significance of adding the guide-lines,the process of adding the guidelines,and the main framework and key content of the guidelines.It aims to guide enterprises to optimize formulations,formulate personalized microbial control strategies,and realize the trans-formation from terminal quality control to process control,so as to provide important tools and theoretical guidance for microbial quality risk management.

The 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Volume Ⅳ has added General Chapter 9211"Guidelines for the Application of Water Activity in Microbial Control of Non-sterile Pharmaceuticals".This guideline is rela-tively new in China's pharmaceutical industry,and it also serves as an important concept and measure to compre-hensively promote microbial process control of pharmaceuticals,conduct microbial quality risk management,and optimize microbial limit setting for non-sterile pharmaceuticals.This article elaborates and interprets the guidelines from four aspects:the background of establishing the guidelines,the necessity and significance of adding the guide-lines,the process of adding the guidelines,and the main framework and key content of the guidelines.It aims to guide enterprises to optimize formulations,formulate personalized microbial control strategies,and realize the trans-formation from terminal quality control to process control,so as to provide important tools and theoretical guidance for microbial quality risk management.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological features of pediatric sepsis in the Kashgar region and investigate factors associated with its prognosis, thereby providing evidence for implementing regional public health prevention and control policies.Methods:A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted on the clinical data of pediatric sepsis patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of The First People′s Hospital of Kashgar between January 2022 and December 2023. For the assessment of clinical outcomes, this study utilized a composite endpoint comprising "length of hospital stay and survival status", classifying patients into two groups: Group A (survived with hospital stay <28 days) and Group B (hospital stay ≥28 days or in-hospital mortality). Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors associated with prognosis.Results:This study included a total of 79 pediatric patients with sepsis, with an age range of 1 month to 14 years and a median age of 8 months. Males accounted for 62.0% (49 males, 30 females). The rates of comorbid septic shock, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and acute kidney injury were 73.4% (58/79), 24.1% (19/79), and 16.5% (13/79), respectively. The primary site of infection was the gastrointestinal tract, accounting for 34.2% (27/79), followed by the respiratory tract at 30.4% (24/79). Pathogens were detected in 59.5% (47/79) of the patients, with Staphylococcus aureus identified in 11 cases, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli in 6 cases each, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 5 cases, and Candida albicans in 3 cases. The mechanical ventilation rate was 59.5% (47/79). The total hospital length of stay ranged from 1 to 55 days, with a median of 14 days, while the ICU length of stay ranged from 1 to 29 days, with a median of 6 days. In-hospital mortality occurred in 15 cases (19.0%). Group A comprised 56 patients (70.9%), and Group B comprised 23 patients (29.1%). Univariate analysis revealed that Group A had significantly higher mean arterial pressure (MAP), pediatric critical illness score (PCIS), and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (all P<0.05), and significantly lower pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ (PRISM Ⅲ), pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2), lactate levels, pediatric multiple organ dysfunction score (P-MODS), pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (pSOFA), septic shock rate, and mechanical ventilation rate compared to Group B (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis identified a high PELOD-2 score ( OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.16-1.64, P<0.001) as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis, while a high GCS ( OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74-0.88, P<0.001) served as a protective factor against poor prognosis. The combination of PELOD2 and GCS demonstrated good predictive ability for in-hospital outcomes in pediatric sepsis patients, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72-0.92). Conclusion:In children with sepsis in the Kashgar region, gastrointestinal tract infection represents the most common source of infection. Elevated PELOD-2 scores and reduced GCS are both indicative of a poorer prognosis, and a combined model integrating these two scoring systems may serve as a valuable tool for prognostic assessment.

Objective:To explore the application value of echocardiography in the management of pediatric mitral valve replacement.Methods:Thirty-three children who underwent mitral valve replacement at Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2009 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data and preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic data were collected. The differences in ultrasound parameters among preoperative，1-week postoperative，1-month postoperative and 1-year postoperative were compared.Results:Of the 33 children，there were 4 cases（12.12%）of mitral stenosis，33 cases（100%）of mitral regurgitation and 4 cases（12.12%）of mitral stenosis combined with regurgitation. Mechanical valve replacement was performed in 30 cases（90.91%）and bioprosthetic valve replacement in 3 cases（9.09%）. Compared with the preoperative period，the left atrial internal diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter were significantly reduced at 1-week postoperatively，1-month postoperatively，and 1-year postoperatively，respectively（all P <0.05）.The left ventricular mass was significantly reduced and the left ventricular end-diastolic sphericity index was significantly increased（both P < 0.05）at 1-month postoperatively compared with preoperatively. The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher at 1-year postoperatively compared with 1-week postoperatively（ P <0.05）. Conclusions:After pediatric mitral valve replacement，the left ventricular dimensions decrease，and cardiac function progressively recovers. Echocardiography is an essential tool for accurate preoperative assessment and postoperative follow-up in pediatric mitral valve replacement.

Objective:To build mice ulcerative colitis(UC)model by dextran sodium sulfate salt(DSS),and to explore effect and molecular mechanism of oridonin(Ori)on alleviating UC by mediating Sirt1 signaling pathway,as well as to find new drugs for UC treatment.Methods:Sixty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group(NC),model group(DSS),DSS+mesalazine sustained-release granule group(AC),DSS+low-dose Ori group(Ori-L),DSS+medium-dose Ori group(Ori-M)and DSS+high-dose Ori group(Ori-H),with 10 mice in each group.Except NC group,mice in other groups were given 3%DSS aqueous solution free for 7 days.After successful modeling,Ori-L group,Ori-M group and Ori-H group were intragastric with 50,100 and 150 mg/kg Ori suspension,respectively.NC group and DSS group drank distilled water free,AC group was intragastric with mesalazine sustained-release granules 100 mg/kg,lasted for 10 days.Weight changes of mice were recorded and disease active index(DAI)score was performed.After treatment,serum levels of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by ELISA.Whole colon tissues were extracted,length was measured,and HE staining was performed.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect expressions of Sirt1,NF-κB and p53 in colon tissues of each group.Results:After successful modeling,compared with NC group,the other 5 groups of mice showed weight loss,DAI score increased and colon length shortened,Sirt1 expression was signi-ficantly inhibited,while expressions of NF-κB and p53 were significantly increased,accompanied by obvious inflammatory pathologi-cal features.Compared with DSS group,Ori-L,Ori-M,and Ori-H groups and AC group had less weight loss during experiment,and DAI scores showed lower disease activity and relatively less colon length shortening,Sirt1 expression was less inhibited,expressions of NF-κB and p53 were also relatively small.Results of AC group could prove that Ori has therapeutic effect on UC.Conclusion:Ori can improve UC in mice,whose effect may be related to regulation of Sirt1 signal.

Objective:To investigate the expression of RAD18 in colon cancer and its correlation with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).Methods:The glass slice of colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from patients (73 cases) who underwent surgical treatment at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from November 2013 to November 2023 were collected.The expression of RAD18 in colon cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed in the gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) database and verified by immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between RAD18 expression and clinicopathological features of colon cancer patients was analyzed. HCT116 and HT29 cells were cultured in vitro, and the control group and transfection group ( transfected with RAD18 shRNA to knock down RAD18 ) were set up. The expression of RAD18 was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot. The effect of RAD18 on colon cancer cell proliferation was explored using clonogenic assays and cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. The correlation between RAD18 and PCNA was investigated by GEPIA and immunohistochemical staining. Results:The GEPIA database analysis showed that the expression of RAD18 in colon cancer tissue ( n = 275) was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues ( n = 349, P < 0.05). RAD18 was expressed at higher levels in colon cancer tissue than that in adjacent normal tissues and was not expressed at high levels in the latter. The expression of RAD18 was closely related to tumor size in the low-expression group and high-expression group of patients ( P = 0.015) but was not related to age ( P = 0.115), gender ( P = 0.665), or tumor differentiation ( P = 0.733). Compared with the control group, the expressions of RAD18 in the transfection group of HCT116 and HT29 cells were both reduced (both P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the clone cell number and absorbance ( A) value of HCT116 and HT29 cells in the transfection group were decreased (all P < 0.05). GEPIA database analysis showed that RAD18 was correlated with PCNA ( R = 0.27, P < 0.05), and the expression level of PCNA was higher in colon cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Conclusions:RAD18 is expressed at a higher level in colon cancer tissues and may promote colorectal cancer proliferation by affecting PCNA.

Objective : To analyze the expression and immune infiltration levels of the BMP7 gene ( BMP7) in e- sophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) ． Methods : Initially，in 274 cases of ESCC and 242 cases of normal tissues，the level of BMP7 was verified by immunohistochemistry ，and the relationship between the expression difference and the survival cycle and clinical pathological characteristics of patients with ESCC was explored，and BMP7 overexpression plasmid transfection of ESCC cells was established，and the effect of BMP7 on the biological behavior of ESCC cells was examined by CCK-8，Clone，and Transwell. Results : BMP7 expression in normal e- sophageal tissues was higher than that of ESCC(P＜0. 001) ，the expression level of BMP7 was correlated with the degree of differentiation of patients(P = 0. 006) and TNM staging(P ＜0. 001) ，and the survival of patients with high expression of BMP7 exceeded that of patients with low BMP7 (P = 0. 041) ，and the experiments of CCK-8 and Clone showed that the proliferation effect of cells in the overexpressed BMP7 group was lower than that of the control group．Transwell experiments confirmed that the cell invasion migration capacity of the overexpressed BMP7 group was less than that of the control one．The immune infiltration results showed that BMP7 was positively correlated with macrophages(P = 0. 008) and negatively correlated with γ-δT cells(P = 0. 028) ． Conclusion BMP7 is low in ESCC and associated with poor prognosis and immune infiltration levels in patients.