Objective: To characterize the sequence polymorphism of HLA-A, -B, and -C loci in the northern Han Chinese population and to evaluate their selection signals and phylogenetic patterns based on long-read sequencing data. Methods: A total of 408 unrelated healthy blood donors were enrolled. Long-read sequencing of HLA-A, -B, and -C loci was performed using the PacBio Sequel II platform. The Ewens-Watterson neutrality test, sliding-window nucleotide diversity (π) and Tajima′s D analyses were conducted, together with genetic distance heatmaps, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis to assess polymorphism distribution, selection signals, and phylogenetic structure across the three loci. Results: The analyzed sequence lengths for the HLA-A, -B, and -C loci were 3 257 bp, 3 794 bp, and 3 831 bp, respectively; the numbers of locus-specific sequence types were 44, 82, and 56, with corresponding locus-specific sequence type diversities of 0.905 2, 0.964 9, and 0.939 8, respectively. The Ewens-Watterson test showed no significant deviation from neutrality (P>0.05). Sliding-window analysis revealed elevated π and Tajima′s D values in exons 2 and 3 as well as in certain intronic regions of HLA-A and HLA-B, whereas HLA-C exhibited relatively lower overall diversity. Genetic distance heatmaps, PCoA, and phylogenetic analysis consistently showed clear clustering in HLA-A and HLA-C, while HLA-B displayed the highest phylogenetic heterogeneity. Conclusion: HLA-A, -B, and -C gene sequences in the northern Chinese Han population exhibit high levels of polymorphism and marked regional heterogeneity. HLA-B shows greater diversity, stronger signals of selection, and more complex phylogenetic structure compared with HLA-A and HLA-C.

Objective To study the population genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships by combining Y-STR haplotype genetic information from the Han population in Dalian with 32 domestic and foreign groups.Methods Blood samples of 958 Han male volunteers from Dalian were collected.Genetic typing of 42 genetic loci was completed using Y-STR fluorescent reagent kits and capillary electrophoresis.Related forensic parameters were calculated.Nei's standard genetic distances among 33 populations based on 17 Y-STR loci were computed,in order to create a principal coordinate analysis as well as construct a phylogenetic tree.Results The analysis of genetic polymorphisms at 42 Y-STR loci revealed 30 unconventional alleles at 10 loci.Genetic analysis of the population based on 17 Y-STR loci confirmed that Dalian's Han population had the closest genetic distance to the Anshan's Han population,followed by populations from Henan,Heilongjiang,Jilin,Shandong,and Chongqing.Furthermore,the genetic distances between the Han population in Dalian and the Qiang population in Beichuan or the Miao population in Guizhou were relatively closer than that to the Manchu population living in Liaoning.Conclusion The genetic distance between the Han population in Dalian and other groups is not entirely proportional to ethnicities and geographical proximity.Both population migration and ethnic assimilation or isolation may have influence on it.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of phenotypes of Duffy blood group on chemokine storage and chemokine scavenging function of erythrocytes. 【Methods】 Twenty-four erythrocyte samples were collected and tested Duffy blood phenotype using the anti-human globulin method, and erythrocyte CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, and CCL11 content and their chemokine scavenging function using ELISA. The expression of Duffy antigens on erythrocytes was detected using a flow analyzer. 【Results】 The difference in CCL2 content(41.1±14.7 pg/mL vs 63.1±20.8 pg/mL)of erythrocyte lysate between Fy(a+b-) and Fy(a+b+) phenotype was statistically significant (P<0.05), however, the difference in the content of CCL5(794.5±320.1 pg/mL vs 846.9±359.4 pg/mL), CXCL8(59.5±34.2 pg/mL vs 49.1± 11.9 pg/mL), and CCL11(109.1±25.1 pg/mL vs 158.6 ±56.0 pg/mL) were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The difference in the scavenging function of CCL2(1471±202.1 pg/mL vs 1860±267.5 pg/mL)and CCL5 (848.5±461.7 pg/mL vs 1797±546.1pg/mL) between Fy(a+b-) and Fy(a+b+) phenotype were statistically significant (P<0.05), however, for CXCL8(1851±180.7 pg/mL vs 1 862± 248.3 pg/mL) and CCL11(691.0±125.7 pg/mL vs 781.7 ±293.8 pg/mL) scavenging function the difference were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The difference in Duffy antigen expression (mean fluorescent intensity:105.3±20.45 vs 111.9±18.30)on erythrocytes between Fy(a+b-) and Fy(a+b+) phenotype was not statistically significant (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The Fy(a+b+) and Fy(a+b-) phenotypes of the Duffy blood group can affect the chemokine storage and scavenging function of erythrocytes. Fy(a+b+) phenotypes are able to store more chemokines and have a stronger chemokine scavenging function than Fy(a+b-) phenotypes.

【Objective】 To study the frequency, Rh phenotypes and molecular & biological background of D-elute (D^el) phenotype in RhD-negative blood donors in Dalian. 【Methods】 A total of 355 serologically RhD-negative samples between November, 2018 and October, 2019 in Dalian Blood Center were collected, and tested for RhC, c, E, e phenotypes using monoclonal antibodies and anti-D adsorption/elution test. DNA was extracted by magnetic bead selection. RHD 1227G>A mutation was detected by melting curve analysis. All RHD exons were sequenced by Sanger sequencing. 【Results】 Among 355 serologically RhD-negative blood donors, 55 (15.5%) were identified as D^el and the remaining 300 cases (84.5%) were true RhD negative. Ccee (45/55, 81.8%) was the predominant Rh phenotype among 55 D^el cases while ccee (210/300, 70.0%) was the most prevalent Rh phenotypes in 300 true RhD negative cases. In 55 D^el cases, 51 (92.7%) had RHD 1227G>A mutation, and the other 4 cases(7.3%) had mutations in other sites. 【Conclusion】 The frequency of D^el was 15.5% in serologically RhD-negative blood donors in Dalian, with Ccee being the most prevalent Rh phenotype and RHD 1227G>A the most common gene mutation.

【Objective】 To investigate the correlation between human platelet antigens (HPA) polymorphisms and platelet parameters. 【Methods】 The HPA-2, HPA-3, HPA-5 and HPA-15 genotypes of 139 healthy Chinese Han individuals were detected using TaqMan-MGB probe real-time PCR, while platelet parameters including platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) were measured using hematology cell analyzer. 【Results】 The PLT was significantly lower in the individuals with HPA-2aa genotype compared to those with HPA-2ab [(234.35±50.10)×10³/μL vs (269.58±41.66)×10³/μL, P<0.05], while the PLT was significantly higher in individuals with HPA-5aa and HPA-15aa genotypes compared to those with HPA-5ab and HPA-15ab/bb [HPA-5: (239.36±49.81)×10³/μL vs (200.29±48.02)×10³/μL; HPA-15: (251.00±58.41)×10³/μL vs (231.29±45.20)×10³/μL, P<0.05], respectively. The MPV, PDW and P-LCR were significantly lower in individuals with HPA-5aa genotype compared to those with HPA-5ab [mpv: (10.01±0.72)fL vs (10.94±1.01)fL; PDV: (11.94%±1.35%) vs (14.25%±2.78%); P-LCR: (25.32%±5.03%) vs (31.73%±6.39%), P<0.05], but did not differ among the HPA-2 and HPA-15 genotypes. Besides, no significant differences in platelet parameters of individuals with HPA-3aa and HPA-3ab/bb genotypes were notable(P>0.05). HPA-2, -5 and -15 polymorphisms were identified as independent factors for platelet count, and HPA-5 polymorphism was an independent factor for platelet volume, revealed by multiple linear regression analysis. 【Conclusion】 HPA-2, -5 and -15 polymorphisms are correlated with platelet count, and HPA-5 polymorphism is correlated with platelet volume.

The aim of this study was to establish an assessment method for determining α-Gal (α-1, 3-galactosyle) epitopes contained in animal tissue or animal tissue-derived biological materials with ELISA inhibition assay. Firstly, a 96 well plate was coated with Gal α-1, 3-Gal/bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a solid phase antigen and meanwhile, the anti-α-Gal M86 was used to react with α-Gal antigens which contained in the test materials. Then, the residual antibodies (M86) in the supernatant of M86-Gal reaction mixture were measured using ELISA inhibition assay by the α-Gal coating plate. The inhibition curve of the ELISA inhibition assay, the R2 = 0.999, was well established. Checking using both α-Gal positive materials (rat liver tissues) and α-Gal negative materials (human placenta tissues) showed a good sensitivity and specificity. Based on the presently established method, the α-Gal expression profile of rat tissues, decellular animal tissue-derived biological materials and porcine dermal before and after decellular treatment were determined. The M86 ELISA inhibition assay method, which can quantitatively determine the α-Gal antigens contained in animal tissues or animal tissue-derived biomaterials, was refined. This M86 specific antibody based-ELISA inhibition assay established in the present study has good sensitivity and specificity, and could be a useful method for determining remnant α-1, 3Gal antigens in animal tissue-derived biomaterials.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Biocompatible Materials ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Epitopes ; analysis ; Humans ; Rats ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; Trisaccharides ; analysis