The prevalence of comorbidity of eating disorders(ED)and bipolar disorder(BD)is high,and patients with comorbid conditions often have a high risk of suicide and poor prognosis.Exploring the pathogenesis of BD comorbid with ED is of great significance for improving clinical efficacy and adverse prognosis in patients.The mechanisms underlying BD comorbid ED remain unclear,involving multifaceted neurobiological factors such as serotonin system dysfunction,dopamine reward pathway disruption,abnormal immune system activation,fluctuations in sex hormone levels,and functional and structural abnormalities in brain regions associated with emotional control and reward system pathways.Therefore,this article provides ideas for the research direction of BD comorbid with ED by analyzing the roles of genetic metabolism,neurobiochemistry,immune,and imaging changes in the comorbidity mechanism.

Objective:To systematically evaluate studies validating the performance of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) in diagnosing malnutrition.Methods:Seven Chinese and English databases including Embase, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database were searched for articles on the validation of GLIM criteria published between September 2018 and September 2024. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction. The concurrent and predictive validity of the criteria was analyzed.Results:A total of 136 papers were included for analysis. The GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition had a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 87%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90. Malnutrition diagnosed by the GLIM criteria predicted prolonged hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays, increased readmission and complication rates (both overall and infectious), reduced survivals (median, overall, and disease-free), and increased in-hospital and follow-up mortalities. Both moderate and severe malnutrition predicted decreased overall survival. However, only three studies analyzed the impact of nutritional therapy on the clinical outcomes of malnourished patients.Conclusions:The GLIM criteria accurately differentiate malnutrition and are a valid predictive tool of clinical outcomes. However, the validity criteria in these validation studies were questionable, along with high methodological heterogeneity. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies validating the role of nutritional therapy in improving the clinical outcomes of malnourished patients.

(Peri)Menopausal insomnia is one of the most common symptoms experienced by women in(peri)menopausale,and can cause varying degrees of damage to both the physical and mental health of individuals.Modern medicine believes that the decline in estrogen levels and the imbalance in estrogen receptor expression are closely related to the occurrence of(peri)menopausale insomnia in women.Traditional Chinese Medicine believes that the imbalance of yin and yang in the body,caused by the disharmony between the heart and kidney,is an important factor in the onset of this disease.Professor Xiao Chengcong,a renowned master of traditional Chinese medicine,has summarized years of clinical experience and has developed a unique therapeutic approach for this disease using the harmonizing method.Her self-designed empirical formula,Gengxin Decoction,has been proven to have a good therapeutic effect in clinical trials.The team has further confirmed in animal studies that Gengxin Decoction can increase estrogen levels,promote estrogen receptor expression in the hypothalamus,influence the regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters,enhance the negative gene expression of the biological clock,reduce brain excitability,and restore the circadian rhythm of the biological clock.This article discusses the decline in estrogen levels and the imbalance in estrogen receptor expression which promote the occurrence and development of(peri)menopausal insomnia,the role of Gengxin Decoction and the harmonizing method in the etiology and pathogenesis of(peri)menopausal insomnia,and the alignment between the physiological effects of Gengxin Decoction and the balance of estrogen levels and estrogen receptor expression,aiming to reveal the scientific connotation of Professor Xiao Chengcong's use of the harmonizing method to treat(peri)menopausal insomnia,to provide a reference for clinical treatment,and to promote the dissemination and inheritance of the academic thoughts of traditional Chinese medicine master Professor.

Objective To explore the relationship between the head injury criterion(HIC)values in anterior-posterior(AP)collisions and lateral-medial(LM)collisions.Methods A total of 102 male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group of 0 m(6 rats),4 AP groups(12 rats/group)and 4 LM groups(12 rats/group).After adaptive training,the classical Marmarou model was used to execute the brain AP and LM collisions under a series of different height impacts,and the HIC values were calculated.The experimental group data of the walk-pole test and grip strength test were collected at 24 hours before and after injury,and the data of the proportion of hemorrhage in the corpus callosum and pyramidal tracts were collected at 24 hours after injury.Results As the collision heights increased in both AP and LM groups,there were positive correlations with changes in WP test time and peak GS,and corresponding increases in the proportion of hemorrhage in the cc and py.According to the mathematical relationships between the comprehensive injury degrees and HIC values,it was found that at the same injury degree,LM-HIC value was less than AP-HIC value.A mathematical relationship between AP-HIC and LM-HIC was fitted based on the comprehensive injury degrees.At the same HIC,LM group experienced more severe injuries,and AP group was more tolerant to head collision.Conclusion The injury severity in LM group is greater than that of AP group at the same HIC.Preliminary results show there is a linear mathematical relationship between AP-HIC and LM-HIC.These results can be expected to expand the application scope of HIC and achieve an accurate assessment of the LM collision severity.

(Peri)Menopausal insomnia is one of the most common symptoms experienced by women in(peri)menopausale,and can cause varying degrees of damage to both the physical and mental health of individuals.Modern medicine believes that the decline in estrogen levels and the imbalance in estrogen receptor expression are closely related to the occurrence of(peri)menopausale insomnia in women.Traditional Chinese Medicine believes that the imbalance of yin and yang in the body,caused by the disharmony between the heart and kidney,is an important factor in the onset of this disease.Professor Xiao Chengcong,a renowned master of traditional Chinese medicine,has summarized years of clinical experience and has developed a unique therapeutic approach for this disease using the harmonizing method.Her self-designed empirical formula,Gengxin Decoction,has been proven to have a good therapeutic effect in clinical trials.The team has further confirmed in animal studies that Gengxin Decoction can increase estrogen levels,promote estrogen receptor expression in the hypothalamus,influence the regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters,enhance the negative gene expression of the biological clock,reduce brain excitability,and restore the circadian rhythm of the biological clock.This article discusses the decline in estrogen levels and the imbalance in estrogen receptor expression which promote the occurrence and development of(peri)menopausal insomnia,the role of Gengxin Decoction and the harmonizing method in the etiology and pathogenesis of(peri)menopausal insomnia,and the alignment between the physiological effects of Gengxin Decoction and the balance of estrogen levels and estrogen receptor expression,aiming to reveal the scientific connotation of Professor Xiao Chengcong's use of the harmonizing method to treat(peri)menopausal insomnia,to provide a reference for clinical treatment,and to promote the dissemination and inheritance of the academic thoughts of traditional Chinese medicine master Professor.

The proband was a 32-year-old female patient who sought medical attention for over 9 months of pregnancy, reduced fetal movement, and discomfort in the lower abdomen. The proband and her father had normal activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, decreased fibrinogen activity and antigen levels, and prolonged thrombin time, whereas the test results of her mother were normal. Ultrasonography showed intermuscular vein thrombosis in the left calf of the proband. Peripheral blood DNA was extracted from the proband and her parents, and Sanger sequencing was performed to detect the base sequences of the FGA, FGB, and FGG genes. The proband and her father had heterozygous missense mutations in exon 6 c.615A > C (p. Leu205Phe) and exon 8 c.1121A > C (p. Tyr374Ser) of the FGG gene. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the two gene mutations may be the pathogenic mechanism of this congenital hypodysfibrinogenemia family.

The proband was a 32-year-old female patient who sought medical attention for over 9 months of pregnancy, reduced fetal movement, and discomfort in the lower abdomen. The proband and her father had normal activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, decreased fibrinogen activity and antigen levels, and prolonged thrombin time, whereas the test results of her mother were normal. Ultrasonography showed intermuscular vein thrombosis in the left calf of the proband. Peripheral blood DNA was extracted from the proband and her parents, and Sanger sequencing was performed to detect the base sequences of the FGA, FGB, and FGG genes. The proband and her father had heterozygous missense mutations in exon 6 c.615A > C (p. Leu205Phe) and exon 8 c.1121A > C (p. Tyr374Ser) of the FGG gene. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the two gene mutations may be the pathogenic mechanism of this congenital hypodysfibrinogenemia family.

Objective To explore the relationship between the head injury criterion(HIC)values in anterior-posterior(AP)collisions and lateral-medial(LM)collisions.Methods A total of 102 male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group of 0 m(6 rats),4 AP groups(12 rats/group)and 4 LM groups(12 rats/group).After adaptive training,the classical Marmarou model was used to execute the brain AP and LM collisions under a series of different height impacts,and the HIC values were calculated.The experimental group data of the walk-pole test and grip strength test were collected at 24 hours before and after injury,and the data of the proportion of hemorrhage in the corpus callosum and pyramidal tracts were collected at 24 hours after injury.Results As the collision heights increased in both AP and LM groups,there were positive correlations with changes in WP test time and peak GS,and corresponding increases in the proportion of hemorrhage in the cc and py.According to the mathematical relationships between the comprehensive injury degrees and HIC values,it was found that at the same injury degree,LM-HIC value was less than AP-HIC value.A mathematical relationship between AP-HIC and LM-HIC was fitted based on the comprehensive injury degrees.At the same HIC,LM group experienced more severe injuries,and AP group was more tolerant to head collision.Conclusion The injury severity in LM group is greater than that of AP group at the same HIC.Preliminary results show there is a linear mathematical relationship between AP-HIC and LM-HIC.These results can be expected to expand the application scope of HIC and achieve an accurate assessment of the LM collision severity.

Objective:To systematically evaluate studies validating the performance of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) in diagnosing malnutrition.Methods:Seven Chinese and English databases including Embase, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database were searched for articles on the validation of GLIM criteria published between September 2018 and September 2024. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction. The concurrent and predictive validity of the criteria was analyzed.Results:A total of 136 papers were included for analysis. The GLIM criteria for diagnosing malnutrition had a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 87%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90. Malnutrition diagnosed by the GLIM criteria predicted prolonged hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays, increased readmission and complication rates (both overall and infectious), reduced survivals (median, overall, and disease-free), and increased in-hospital and follow-up mortalities. Both moderate and severe malnutrition predicted decreased overall survival. However, only three studies analyzed the impact of nutritional therapy on the clinical outcomes of malnourished patients.Conclusions:The GLIM criteria accurately differentiate malnutrition and are a valid predictive tool of clinical outcomes. However, the validity criteria in these validation studies were questionable, along with high methodological heterogeneity. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies validating the role of nutritional therapy in improving the clinical outcomes of malnourished patients.

The prevalence of comorbidity of eating disorders(ED)and bipolar disorder(BD)is high,and patients with comorbid conditions often have a high risk of suicide and poor prognosis.Exploring the pathogenesis of BD comorbid with ED is of great significance for improving clinical efficacy and adverse prognosis in patients.The mechanisms underlying BD comorbid ED remain unclear,involving multifaceted neurobiological factors such as serotonin system dysfunction,dopamine reward pathway disruption,abnormal immune system activation,fluctuations in sex hormone levels,and functional and structural abnormalities in brain regions associated with emotional control and reward system pathways.Therefore,this article provides ideas for the research direction of BD comorbid with ED by analyzing the roles of genetic metabolism,neurobiochemistry,immune,and imaging changes in the comorbidity mechanism.