Background Air pollution is a major environmental factor threatening respiratory health. Different pollutants exhibit varying degrees of lag effects on respiratory diseases, and synergistic effects may exist among multiple pollutants. There is an urgent need to identify the key air pollutants influencing respiratory diseases and their interactive effects at specific lags. Objective To identify key pollutants affecting hospital admissions for respiratory diseases, to analyze their lag effect characteristics, and to quantify the impact of multi-pollutant synergistic effects on respiratory disease admissions. Methods Daily air pollution data, meteorological data, and respiratory disease hospitalization records were collected from multiple national monitoring stations in Hefei City from 2019 to 2024. A two-stage analytical framework was employed. First, a distributed lag model (DLM) was used to construct pollutant lag matrices, followed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to select key variables among fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O₃). Second, a generalized additive model (GAM) was established, incorporating product interaction terms and excess relative risk (ERI) to quantitatively assess synergistic effects among the selected pollutants. Results Through LASSO regression, 24 pollutant lag terms with non-zero coefficients were identified, among which NO₂, PM_2.5, and SO₂ accounted for 66.7% of the total positive effects and exhibited distinct lag patterns. Exposure to NO₂ showed acute risk, with a relative risk of 1.040 (95%CI: 1.023, 1.057) at lag0. Conversely, PM_2.5 and SO₂ exhibited delayed effects, with peak impacts observed at lag7 (RR=1.012, 95%CI: 1.0002, 1.024) and lag3 (RR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.0004, 1.03), respectively. Short-term NO₂ exposure (lag0–1) exhibited a significant positive interaction with medium-term PM_2.5 exposure (lag4–7). When both pollutants coexisted at high exposure levels, the combined health risk exceeded the sum of their independent effects by 4.40%. Stratified analysis showed that the interaction effects of pollutants were higher in females (ERI=5.00%), children (<18 years, ERI=5.50%), and older adults (≥65 years, ERI=3.90%)Conclusion There are significant lag heterogeneity and synergistic mechanisms in the health effects of air pollution in Hefei. It is recommended to implement real-time early warning responses for NO₂, prioritize medium-to-long-term management for PM_2.5 and SO₂, and adopt coordinated emission reduction measures when NO₂ and PM_2.5 concentrations rise simultaneously. Concurrently, enhanced health protection should be provided for sensitive populations such as women, children, and the elderly.

Objective:To evaluate the protective effectiveness (VE) of the acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years.Methods:A test-negative case-control study was conducted among children aged 2 months to 6 years who sought medical care for cough and underwent pertussis nucleic acid testing at sentinel surveillance hospitals in Zhejiang Province in 2024. Cases were defined as those with positive pertussis nucleic acid test results, while controls were test-negative individuals matched 1∶1 based on propensity scores using the caliper matching method. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios ( ORs) and VEs. Results:Among the 658 participants, 31.76% (209 cases) tested positive for pertussis. After propensity score matching, 203 cases and 203 controls were included in the analysis. The VE of 1-2, 3, and 4 doses of aPV against pertussis was 52.46% (95% CI:-39.82%-83.84%), 65.22% (95% CI: 6.86%-87.02%), and 72.21% (95% CI: 34.33%-88.24%), respectively. For pertussis-related hospitalization, the VE of 1-3 and 4 doses was 80.95% (95% CI:31.38%-94.71%) and 86.79% (95% CI: 51.89%-96.37%). The VE for those who completed 4 doses of vaccination and had intervals of less than 2 years, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years or more after vaccination were 91.15% (95% CI: 67.61%-97.58%), 84.70% (95% CI: 43.71%-95.84%),56.23% (95% CI:-47.58%-87.02%), and 49.92% (95% CI:-83.74%-86.35%), respectively. Conclusion:The VE of aPV against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years increases with the number of doses administered, and it is more effective in preventing hospitalization due to pertussis. The VE declines rapidly over time after the last dose. It is recommended to follow the new pertussis immunization program for timely and full vaccination.

Objective:To evaluate the protective effectiveness (VE) of the acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years.Methods:A test-negative case-control study was conducted among children aged 2 months to 6 years who sought medical care for cough and underwent pertussis nucleic acid testing at sentinel surveillance hospitals in Zhejiang Province in 2024. Cases were defined as those with positive pertussis nucleic acid test results, while controls were test-negative individuals matched 1∶1 based on propensity scores using the caliper matching method. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios ( ORs) and VEs. Results:Among the 658 participants, 31.76% (209 cases) tested positive for pertussis. After propensity score matching, 203 cases and 203 controls were included in the analysis. The VE of 1-2, 3, and 4 doses of aPV against pertussis was 52.46% (95% CI:-39.82%-83.84%), 65.22% (95% CI: 6.86%-87.02%), and 72.21% (95% CI: 34.33%-88.24%), respectively. For pertussis-related hospitalization, the VE of 1-3 and 4 doses was 80.95% (95% CI:31.38%-94.71%) and 86.79% (95% CI: 51.89%-96.37%). The VE for those who completed 4 doses of vaccination and had intervals of less than 2 years, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years or more after vaccination were 91.15% (95% CI: 67.61%-97.58%), 84.70% (95% CI: 43.71%-95.84%),56.23% (95% CI:-47.58%-87.02%), and 49.92% (95% CI:-83.74%-86.35%), respectively. Conclusion:The VE of aPV against pertussis in children aged 2 months to 6 years increases with the number of doses administered, and it is more effective in preventing hospitalization due to pertussis. The VE declines rapidly over time after the last dose. It is recommended to follow the new pertussis immunization program for timely and full vaccination.

Background In recent years, Hefei has experienced rapid industrial development, and the concentration of ozone (O₃) in the environment has increased year by year. Ambient O₃ pollution has become one of the big issues in Hefei. Objective To explore the health risks of non-accidental deaths (NAD) in local residents associated with ambient O₃ in Hefei City, and propose effective measures. Methods The data of daily NAD, mortality due to circulatory system diseases, mortality due to respiratory system diseases, atmospheric pollution, and meteorological factors were collected in Hefei from 2017 to 2020. By fitting daily average temperature, relative humidity, time trend, and seasonal trend, a generalized additive model was applied to evaluate the single-day effects (lag0-lag5) and cumulative lag effects (lag01-lag05) of NAD, circulatory system mortality, and respiratory system mortality among residents of Hefei City for every 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in the daily maximum 8-hour average ozone (O_{3-8 h}) concentration. The effects of O_{3-8 h} concentration on total NAD were also examined by stratification of age and sex. Results During the period of 2017 to 2020, the average concentration of O_{3-8 h} in Hefei City was 99.12 μg·m⁻³, and the total number of non-accidental deaths was 45787. For the O_{3-8 h} concentration per 10 μg·m⁻³ increase, the single-day effect and cumulative lag effect on NAD among residents reached their maximum values at lag0 and lag02, respectively, with the NAD increasing by 0.46% (95%CI: 0.06%, 0.87%) and 0.76% (95%CI: 0.27%, 1.26%); the maximum estimates for deaths from circulatory diseases appeared on lag03 increasing by 0.78% (95%CI: 0.08%, 1.48%). The stratified analyses results showed that the single-day effects on the NAD in males and females reached the maximum values on lag1 and lag0, increasing by 0.64% (95%CI: 0.21%, 1.08%) and 0.61% (95%CI: 0.03%, 1.20%), respectively; on lag02, the NAD among males was the highest, reaching 0.98% (95% CI: 0.39%, 1.57%); significant estimates for NAD among residents aged 65 years and above were observed on lag1 and lag02 rising by 0.41% (95%CI: 0.02%, 0.81%) and 0.67% (95%CI: 0.13%, 1.21%), respectively. After adjusting the degrees of freedom of time trend and other atmospheric pollutants, there was no statistically significant change in the risk of NAD death among residents associated with O_3-8h concentration. Conclusion The increase O₃ concentration in Hefei is correlated with an increased NAD risk among residents, with males and people over 65 years old having a higher risk of death due to O₃ exposure. It is necessary for the government to play an important role in developing prevention and control measures to reduce the excess risk of death associated with O₃ exposure.

Objective? To explore the effects of health education based on "information-motivation-behavioral skills" (IMB) model on health behavior among soldiers with urolithiasis in the plateau. Methods? From January 2016 to May 2017, we selected 160 soldiers with urolithiasis providing logistic services in the plateau with altitude of more than 3 000 m at the 940th Hospital of Logistic Services Troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army as subjects by convenience sampling. All of the patients were divided into experimental group and control group with the random number table, 80 cases in each group. Control group carried out routine health education, while experimental group implemented health education based on IMB model. After intervention, we compared the health belief, health behavior and recurrence rate of calculi of soldiers between two groups. Results? Six months after intervention, the total scores of health belief and health behavior of experimental group were (140.22±12.90) and (149.44±14.18) higher than those of control group with statistical differences (P＜0.05). The recurrence rates of calculi of experimental group in 6 and 12 months were lower than those of control group with statistical differences (χ2=7.761,P＜0.05). Conclusions? Health education based on IMB model makes soldiers change healthy perception into actual behavior and maintain healthy behavior in daily life to reduce the recurrence rate of urinary calculus and improve the combat capability of troops.

Objective To discuss the application and practice of TBL teaching mode in the clinical teaching of oncology . Methods Physicians on rotational medical tour in Huadong hospital from April 2017 to August 2017 were selected as research sub-jects, and were randomly divided into 2 groups:the experimental group and the control group .Theory test and manipulation test scores were compared and analyzed between the physicians of the 2 groups.Questionnaire feedback was used to evaluate the effect of TBL teaching mode.Results Total average scores of the experimental group were 84.15 ±4.50, while those of the control group were 78.80 ±2.38, and statistically significance could be noted , when comparisons were made between the 2 groups.Results of the questionnaire survey indicated that most of the students thought that TBL teaching mode was more beneficial to comprehensive grasp of oncology knowl -edge , and TBL teaching mode was more interesting , as compared with the conventional teaching mode .More importantly , TBL teaching mode could not only improve their learning initiative , but enhance the spirit of teamwork and cooperation .Conclusion The application of TBL teaching mode in oncology clinical teaching could fully improve learning initiative of the students , strengthen the spirit of team-work, and enhance the quality of teaching .

To explore the clinical efficacy of Herba Saxifragae cream (HS), a compound of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on chronic eczema.

Adult ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Nasal Septum ; injuries ; surgery ; Periosteum ; transplantation