Bone grafting is a primary method for treating bone defects. Among various graft materials, xenogeneic bone substitutes are widely used in clinical practice due to their abundant sources, convenient processing and storage, and avoidance of secondary surgeries. With the advancement of domestic production and the limitations of imported products, an increasing number of bone filling or grafting substitute materials isentering clinical trials. Relevant experts have drafted this consensus to enhance the management of medical device clinical trials, protect the rights of participants, and ensure the scientific and effective execution of trials. It summarizes clinical experience in aspects, such as design principles, participant inclusion/exclusion criteria, observation periods, efficacy evaluation metrics, safety assessment indicators, and quality control, to provide guidance for professionals in the field.
Humans ; Bone Substitutes/therapeutic use* ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods* ; Consensus ; Bone Transplantation ; Research Design

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has high morbidity and mortality, but effective clinical drugs and management are lacking. Previous studies have suggested that macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response to AKI and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in mediating macrophage activation and polarization in various diseases, but the specific mechanisms by which FoxO1 regulates macrophages during AKI remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of FoxO1 in macrophages in the pathogenesis of AKI. We observed a significant upregulation of FoxO1 in kidney macrophages following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the administration of FoxO1 inhibitor AS1842856-encapsulated liposome (AS-Lipo), mainly acting on macrophages, effectively mitigated renal injury induced by I/R injury in mice. By generating myeloid-specific FoxO1-knockout mice, we further observed that the deficiency of FoxO1 in myeloid cells protected against I/R injury-induced AKI. Furthermore, our study provided evidence of FoxO1's pivotal role in macrophage chemotaxis, inflammation, and migration. Moreover, the impact of FoxO1 on the regulation of macrophage migration was mediated through RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (ARHGEF1), indicating that ARHGEF1 may serve as a potential intermediary between FoxO1 and the activity of the RhoA pathway. Consequently, our findings propose that FoxO1 plays a crucial role as a mediator and biomarker in the context of AKI. Targeting macrophage FoxO1 pharmacologically could potentially offer a promising therapeutic approach for AKI.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic effect of the natural compound niranthin on Crohn's disease-like colitis in mice and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: In a mouse model of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), the therapeutic effect of niranthin was evaluated by observing the changes in body weight, disease activity index (DAI), and colon length of the mice. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-10) in the intestinal mucosal tissue were detected using ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). TUNEL staining and Western blotting were used to assess intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax. The expression levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and claudin-1) and the activation of the p38/JNK signaling pathway were investigated using Western blotting, and diprovocim intervention experiments were conducted to explore the molecular regulatory mechanism of niranthin. RESULTS: Niranthin treatment significantly increased body weight of TNBS-treated mice, lowered the DAI and histological inflammation scores, and increased colon length of the mice. The niranthin-treated mouse models showed obviously reduced protein and mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNF-α and upregulated expression of IL-10 in the colon tissue. TUNEL staining and Western blotting demonstrated that niranthin significantly inhibited intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and activated the anti-apoptotic pathway in the mouse models. Niranthin treatment obviously upregulated the expression levels of ZO-1 and claudin-1 and downregulated the phosphorylation levels of p38 and JNK in the colon tissues of the mice. Diprovocim intervention obviously attenuated the inactivation of the p38/JNK signaling pathway induced by niranthin in the mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Niranthin ameliorates TNBS-induced Crohn's disease-like colitis in mice by inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and protecting the integrity of the intestinal barrier via regulating the activation of the p38/JNK signaling pathway.
Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Mice ; Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects* ; Crohn Disease/drug therapy* ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects* ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Male

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of the one disease-one product nursing model in management of children with bronchial asthma in outpatient settings.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 120 pediatric patients with bronchial asthma at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of Aviation General Hospital from August 2020 to December 2024 as study subjects. The pediatric patients were divided into a control group and an intervention group, with 60 cases in each group. Control group received routine care, while intervention group implemented the one disease-one product nursing model in addition to the control group's care. The asthma control, lung function, airway inflammation, quality of life, and family satisfaction with nursing care of the two groups of pediatric patients were compared.Results:After intervention, the effective rate of asthma control in intervention group was 91.67% (55/60), higher than the 71.67% (43/60) observed in control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). After intervention, intervention group had higher values for both forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of predicted (FEV1%pred) and peak expiratory flow as a percentage of predicted (PEF%pred) compared to control group, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels were lower than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After intervention, the scores on all dimensions and the total score of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Measurement Models were statistically higher in intervention group than in control group ( P<0.05). Following the intervention, the total nursing satisfaction scores among families of children in intervention group were statistically higher than those in control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The one disease-one product nursing model can effectively enhance asthma control in pediatric patients, improve their quality of life, and increase family satisfaction with nursing care.

In order to investigate the effect of SIRT2 on tight junctions and endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver tissues of cold-treated mice,10 each of 5-week-old male C57BL/6 mice and SIRT2 knockout mice were selected and randomly divided into the wild-type room-temperature control group(WT Control),the wild-type cold-treated group(WT Cold),the SIRT2 knockout+room-temperature control group(KO Control)and SIRT2 knockout+cold treatment group(KO Cold).Mice in the room-temperature control group were kept at a temperature of(24+2)℃,and the cold-treatment group was placed in a(4+2)℃ artificial climate chamber for 3 h of random stimu-lation per day for 3 weeks.H&E staining,Masson staining,and transmission electron microscopy were employed to examine the microscopic and ultrastructural changes in mouse liver;AST and ALT concentrations in mouse serum were detected by biochemical analyzers;Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of tight junction-related proteins(Claudin1,Occludin),endo-plasmic reticulum stress-related proteins(GRP78,CHOP,XBP1,p-eIF2α,eIF2α),and pro-inflam-matory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6).The results showed that compared with WT Control,the liver lobular structure of WT Cold and KO Control mice was unclear,hepatic cord arrangement was disordered,cytoplasm was loose,white vacuoles appeared,a small amount of collagen deposi-tion and fibroplasia,mitochondria were slightly swollen in hepatocytes,and endoplasmic reticulum was unevenly distributed,while the serum concentrations of AST and ALT were increased(P＜0.050,P＜0.010),and the liver tissues showed decreased protein expression of Occludin and Clau-din1(P＜0.050,P＜0.010,P＜0.001),and increased protein expression of GRP78,CHOP,XBP1,p-eIF2α/eIF2α,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β(P＜0.050,P＜0.010,P＜0.001);compared with the KO Control,KO Cold mice showed a large number of white vacuoles,a small number of balloon-like lesions,inflammatory cell infiltration,obvious collagen deposition and fibroplasia,mitochondrial swelling in hepatocytes,mitochondrial ridge reduction,endoplasmic reticulum thickening,and ser-um AST and ALT concentrations increased(P＜0.010),and in liver tissue,the protein expression of Occludin and Claudinl decreased(P＜0.010),while the protein expression of GRP78,CHOP,XBP1,p-eIF2α/eIF2α,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β increased(P＜0.050,P＜0.010,P＜0.001).The re-sults showed that SIRT2 knockdown could aggravate the liver tissue tight junction damage caused by cold treatment,induce endoplasmic reticulum stress,and further promotes the inflammatory re-sponse.

Objective:To analyze the current research hotspots and trends of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment for neurogenic bladder (NB).Methods:The Chinese and English articles on TCM treatment of neurogenic bladder were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Database, PubMed, and Web of Science from the inception to May 31, 2024, using the terms "neurogenic bladder" "intervention" "treatment" "clinical" "Chinese medicine" "electroacupuncture" "acupuncture", and "moxibustion". VOSviewer and Citespace bibliometric software were used to analyze the publication trend, authors, research institutions, source journals and keywords of these articles.Results:A total of 776 Chinese articles and 253 English articles on the diagnosis and treatment of NB by traditional Chinese medicine were retrieved, the number of publications was increasing every year. Most Chinese papers came from Shandong University of Traditional Clinese Medicine, and most English papers came from Sun Yat-sen University. Some authors and institutions had formed networks of cooperation. Most papers were published in the journal of Traditional Chineses Medicine Clinical Research (in Chinese) and Neural Regeneration Research (in English). This study generated 244 Chinese core key words with 14 clustering networks, and 233 English core key words with 10 clustering networks. The main symptoms of NB are uroschesis and urinary incontinence. NB are primarily caused by spinal cord injury, diabetes mellitus and stroke. The main treatment methods of TCM for NB are electroacupuncture, acupuncture and percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation. The research on NB mechanisms focuses on the apoptosis, regeneration and plasticity of spinal neurons, the activation of the bladder autophagy signaling pathway, the expression of proteins related to the contractile function of the forced muscles. Conclusion:The research quantity and quality of traditional Chinese medicine in diagnosis and treatment NB have increased in recent years, and the mechanism and treatment of NB are the research hotspots; however, the extension and depth of researches are limited, and the institutional cooperations are insufficiente.

Stress refers to the non-specific responses of a stimulated body to different stressors and the subsequent maintenance or restoration of internal environmental homeostasis.Adverse stress reactions lead to general balance disruption and may cause digestive,neurological,and endocrine disorders,and decreased immune capacity,which seriously impact host health.As the core compo-nent of intestinal micro-ecology,the intestinal flora can greatly alter its own composition,distribu-tion,function,metabolic product output,and other aspects during stress,which cause disorders and aggravate homeostatic imbalance in internal environments.While the intestinal flora is of great sig-nificance to animal medicine and agricultural production,little is known about stress and its impact on intestinal flora.Therefore,we briefly reviewed the impact of stress on animal intestinal flora in combination with the latest research and provided theoretical insights on intestinal health research.

Stress refers to the non-specific responses of a stimulated body to different stressors and the subsequent maintenance or restoration of internal environmental homeostasis.Adverse stress reactions lead to general balance disruption and may cause digestive,neurological,and endocrine disorders,and decreased immune capacity,which seriously impact host health.As the core compo-nent of intestinal micro-ecology,the intestinal flora can greatly alter its own composition,distribu-tion,function,metabolic product output,and other aspects during stress,which cause disorders and aggravate homeostatic imbalance in internal environments.While the intestinal flora is of great sig-nificance to animal medicine and agricultural production,little is known about stress and its impact on intestinal flora.Therefore,we briefly reviewed the impact of stress on animal intestinal flora in combination with the latest research and provided theoretical insights on intestinal health research.

Objective:To analyze the current research hotspots and trends of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment for neurogenic bladder (NB).Methods:The Chinese and English articles on TCM treatment of neurogenic bladder were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Database, PubMed, and Web of Science from the inception to May 31, 2024, using the terms "neurogenic bladder" "intervention" "treatment" "clinical" "Chinese medicine" "electroacupuncture" "acupuncture", and "moxibustion". VOSviewer and Citespace bibliometric software were used to analyze the publication trend, authors, research institutions, source journals and keywords of these articles.Results:A total of 776 Chinese articles and 253 English articles on the diagnosis and treatment of NB by traditional Chinese medicine were retrieved, the number of publications was increasing every year. Most Chinese papers came from Shandong University of Traditional Clinese Medicine, and most English papers came from Sun Yat-sen University. Some authors and institutions had formed networks of cooperation. Most papers were published in the journal of Traditional Chineses Medicine Clinical Research (in Chinese) and Neural Regeneration Research (in English). This study generated 244 Chinese core key words with 14 clustering networks, and 233 English core key words with 10 clustering networks. The main symptoms of NB are uroschesis and urinary incontinence. NB are primarily caused by spinal cord injury, diabetes mellitus and stroke. The main treatment methods of TCM for NB are electroacupuncture, acupuncture and percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation. The research on NB mechanisms focuses on the apoptosis, regeneration and plasticity of spinal neurons, the activation of the bladder autophagy signaling pathway, the expression of proteins related to the contractile function of the forced muscles. Conclusion:The research quantity and quality of traditional Chinese medicine in diagnosis and treatment NB have increased in recent years, and the mechanism and treatment of NB are the research hotspots; however, the extension and depth of researches are limited, and the institutional cooperations are insufficiente.

In order to investigate the effect of SIRT2 on tight junctions and endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver tissues of cold-treated mice,10 each of 5-week-old male C57BL/6 mice and SIRT2 knockout mice were selected and randomly divided into the wild-type room-temperature control group(WT Control),the wild-type cold-treated group(WT Cold),the SIRT2 knockout+room-temperature control group(KO Control)and SIRT2 knockout+cold treatment group(KO Cold).Mice in the room-temperature control group were kept at a temperature of(24+2)℃,and the cold-treatment group was placed in a(4+2)℃ artificial climate chamber for 3 h of random stimu-lation per day for 3 weeks.H&E staining,Masson staining,and transmission electron microscopy were employed to examine the microscopic and ultrastructural changes in mouse liver;AST and ALT concentrations in mouse serum were detected by biochemical analyzers;Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of tight junction-related proteins(Claudin1,Occludin),endo-plasmic reticulum stress-related proteins(GRP78,CHOP,XBP1,p-eIF2α,eIF2α),and pro-inflam-matory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6).The results showed that compared with WT Control,the liver lobular structure of WT Cold and KO Control mice was unclear,hepatic cord arrangement was disordered,cytoplasm was loose,white vacuoles appeared,a small amount of collagen deposi-tion and fibroplasia,mitochondria were slightly swollen in hepatocytes,and endoplasmic reticulum was unevenly distributed,while the serum concentrations of AST and ALT were increased(P＜0.050,P＜0.010),and the liver tissues showed decreased protein expression of Occludin and Clau-din1(P＜0.050,P＜0.010,P＜0.001),and increased protein expression of GRP78,CHOP,XBP1,p-eIF2α/eIF2α,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β(P＜0.050,P＜0.010,P＜0.001);compared with the KO Control,KO Cold mice showed a large number of white vacuoles,a small number of balloon-like lesions,inflammatory cell infiltration,obvious collagen deposition and fibroplasia,mitochondrial swelling in hepatocytes,mitochondrial ridge reduction,endoplasmic reticulum thickening,and ser-um AST and ALT concentrations increased(P＜0.010),and in liver tissue,the protein expression of Occludin and Claudinl decreased(P＜0.010),while the protein expression of GRP78,CHOP,XBP1,p-eIF2α/eIF2α,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β increased(P＜0.050,P＜0.010,P＜0.001).The re-sults showed that SIRT2 knockdown could aggravate the liver tissue tight junction damage caused by cold treatment,induce endoplasmic reticulum stress,and further promotes the inflammatory re-sponse.