Cerebral edema is characterized by fluid accumulation, and the glymphatic system (GS) plays a pivotal role in regulating fluid transport. Using the Tenecteplase system, magnesium salt of salvianolic acid B/ginsenoside Rg1 (SalB/Rg1) was injected intravenously into mice 4.5 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and once every 24 h for the following 72 h. GS function was assessed by Evans blue imaging, near-infrared fluorescence region II (NIR-II) imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SalB/Rg1 had significant effects on reducing the infarct volume and hemorrhagic transformation score, improving neurobehavioral function, and protecting tissue structure, especially inhibiting cerebral edema. Meanwhile, the influx/efflux drainage of GS was enhanced by SalB/Rg1 according to NIR-II imaging and MRI. SalB/Rg1 inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity, reduced cleaved β-dystroglycan (β-DG), and stabilized aquaporin-4 (AQP4) polarity, which was verified by colocalization with CD31. Our findings indicated that SalB/Rg1 treatment enhances GS function and attenuates cerebral edema, accompanying the regulation of the MMP9/β-DG/AQP4 pathway.
Animals ; Ginsenosides/administration & dosage* ; Brain Edema/etiology* ; Male ; Benzofurans/administration & dosage* ; Glymphatic System/diagnostic imaging* ; Mice ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy* ; Aquaporin 4/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism* ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology* ; Depsides

Objective To explore the role of secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1)and myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MYD88)in morphine-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Methods A morphine addiction model was established in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats.Twelve SD rats were randomly assigned to the normal saline(NS)group or the morphine-dependent(DAM)group.Histopathological analysis was employed to observe and compare myocardial tissue morphology between the two groups.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)staining was performed to assess the number of apoptotic cells in each group.The expression levels of SPP1 and MYD88 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry.Quantitative real-time poly merase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of SPP1,MYD88,Bax,Bcl2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9.Simultaneously,Western blot analysis was used to detected the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 proteins.In vitro,SPP1 expression was knocked down in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes(NRCMs),and cells were divided into three groups:control(CON),morphine treated(DA),and shSPP1#3+DA.Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay,and apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry.Results HE and TUNEL staining of myocardial tissues from morphine-addicted SD rats revealed that,compared with the NS group,myofibrils in the DAM group exhibited partial disruption and a significant increase in apoptotic cells(P<0.05).Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses demonstrated that,relative to the NS group,the mRNA and protein levels of SPP1,MYD88,Bax,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 were significantly upregulated in the DAM group(P<0.05),whereas Bcl2 expression was significantly downregulated at both mRNA and protein levels(P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 were also increased.with all differences being statistically significant.In NRCMs following morphine intervention,cell viability in the DA group was markedly reduced compared to the CON group(P<0.05),accompanied by a signifi-cant increase in apoptosis rate(P<0.05).Consistently,Western blot and RT-qPCR results showed elevated mRNA and protein expression of SPP1,MYD88,Bax,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 in the DA group(P<0.05),along with decreased Bcl2 expression(P<0.05).The protein expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 were elevated simultaneously.In contrast,the shSPP1#3+DA group exhibited opposing trends compared to the DA group,with statistically sig nificant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion SPP1 and MYD88 play critical roles in mediating morphine-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis,and silencing SPP1 has been shown to significantly reduce the extent of cardiomyocyte apoptosis following morphine exposure.

Objective To explore the role of secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1)and myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MYD88)in morphine-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Methods A morphine addiction model was established in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats.Twelve SD rats were randomly assigned to the normal saline(NS)group or the morphine-dependent(DAM)group.Histopathological analysis was employed to observe and compare myocardial tissue morphology between the two groups.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)staining was performed to assess the number of apoptotic cells in each group.The expression levels of SPP1 and MYD88 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry.Quantitative real-time poly merase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of SPP1,MYD88,Bax,Bcl2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9.Simultaneously,Western blot analysis was used to detected the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 proteins.In vitro,SPP1 expression was knocked down in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes(NRCMs),and cells were divided into three groups:control(CON),morphine treated(DA),and shSPP1#3+DA.Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay,and apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry.Results HE and TUNEL staining of myocardial tissues from morphine-addicted SD rats revealed that,compared with the NS group,myofibrils in the DAM group exhibited partial disruption and a significant increase in apoptotic cells(P<0.05).Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses demonstrated that,relative to the NS group,the mRNA and protein levels of SPP1,MYD88,Bax,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 were significantly upregulated in the DAM group(P<0.05),whereas Bcl2 expression was significantly downregulated at both mRNA and protein levels(P<0.05),and the protein expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 were also increased.with all differences being statistically significant.In NRCMs following morphine intervention,cell viability in the DA group was markedly reduced compared to the CON group(P<0.05),accompanied by a signifi-cant increase in apoptosis rate(P<0.05).Consistently,Western blot and RT-qPCR results showed elevated mRNA and protein expression of SPP1,MYD88,Bax,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 in the DA group(P<0.05),along with decreased Bcl2 expression(P<0.05).The protein expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 were elevated simultaneously.In contrast,the shSPP1#3+DA group exhibited opposing trends compared to the DA group,with statistically sig nificant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion SPP1 and MYD88 play critical roles in mediating morphine-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis,and silencing SPP1 has been shown to significantly reduce the extent of cardiomyocyte apoptosis following morphine exposure.

Objective:To assess the efficacy of modified arthroscopic lower trapezius transfer with autologous hamstring tendon bridging for irreparable massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tears.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 59 patients (11 males and 48 females; mean age 66.70±6.10 years, range 55-79 years) treated between June 2019 and November 2022 for posterior superior irreparable massive rotator cuff tears. The treatment involved total arthroscopic oblique muscle transposition combined with partial rotator cuff repair. Shoulder mobility was measured in active supination, forward flexion, posterior external rotation, and abduction external rotation before surgery and at the final follow-up. The Constant-Murley shoulder function score, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were assessed preoperatively, at 3 months, 6 months postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. MR examinations were conducted preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively to evaluate rotator cuff healing and retear rates.Results:All surgeries were successfully completed using an average of 3.2±0.5 anchor nails (range 3-5) per case. The mean follow-up period was 15.9±5.7 months (range 12-37 months). Significant improvements in shoulder mobility were observed postoperatively compared to preoperative measurements. The mean body external rotation angle increased from 12.0°±19.4° preoperatively to 35.3°±19.6° at the final follow-up ( P<0.05), and the mean abduction external rotation angle increased from 33.4°±22.4° to 43.4°±23.1° ( P<0.05). The mean preoperative abduction angle improved from 121.7°±47.9° to 136.4°±40.6° ( P<0.05), and the mean forward flexion supination angle improved from 117.6°±45.8° to 139.5°±33.7° ( P<0.05). Postoperative VAS scores significantly improved from 4.8±1.8 preoperatively to 0.3±0.8 at the final follow-up ( F=104.868, P<0.001). The ASES scores improved from 42.0±14.9 preoperatively to 71.7±14.6 at the final follow-up ( F=47.287, P<0.001). The Constant-Murley scores increased from 54.3±17.1 preoperatively to 76.4±13.0 at the final follow-up ( F=44.082, P<0.001). Postoperative complications included 2 complete tears and 7 partial tears (re-tear rate 15.3%). No serious complications such as shoulder joint infection, joint stiffness, or vascular nerve injury were observed. One patient developed a localized subcutaneous hematoma at the tendon extraction site, and another developed deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity, which improved with symptomatic anticoagulation. Conclusion:Modified arthroscopic lower trapezius transfer with autologous hamstring tendon bridging effectively reduces shoulder pain, improves shoulder joint activity and function scores, and is associated with a low rate of surgical complications for patients with irreparable massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tears.

Objective:To design a motor impairment rehabilitation monitoring aid for the assessment of motor impairment in patients who do not have or have difficulty walking independently.Methods:An assistive device vehicle was designed, equipped with an accelerometer and a six-dimensional force sensor. The normal walking (NW) group and abnormal walking group were set up, in which the abnormal walking group included moderate abnormal walking (MA) group, moderate abnormal walking with the aid of the assistive vehicle (MA-V) group, severe abnormal walking (SA) group, and severe abnormal walking with the aid of the assistive vehicle (SA-V) group. In the MA-V group, the range of knee movement was adjusted from 0 to 30°, and in the SA group, the knee joint was completely unbending. The gait cycles, peak and mean acceleration values of the right and left legs were evaluated by accelerometers, and changes in the upper limb forces were assessed by six-dimensional force transducers.Results:For the moderate impairment group, the difference in gait cycle between the MA and MA-V groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05), and the gait cycle in the MA-V group was slightly greater than that in the MA group. For the severe injury group, the gait cycle of the SA-V group was lower than that of the SA group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). For all abnormal groups, the mean and peak acceleration of the left leg were greater than that of the right leg, and the difference between the peak acceleration of the left leg and that of the right leg was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the abnormal walking pattern, the mean (absolute) value of the left hand force was greater than that of the right hand, especially in the Z-axis. The standard deviations of the combined forces on the left side for the NW, MA-V, and SA-V groups were 2.759, 8.297, and 13.118 N, respectively. The SA-V group had the highest dispersion in the force scatter plot, while the NW group had a better concentration. Conclusions:An assistive vehicle equipped with an accelerometer and a six-dimensional force sensor was designed to help physicians in the assessment and rehabilitation of motor disorders.

Objective:To establish a motion planning method for avoiding singularities for manipulator-assisted puncture surgery navigation, and design the corresponding computer program.Methods:According to the actual operation and the need of clinicians, the puncture needle sleeve installed at the end of the UR3 robotic arm was designed, and the kinematics analysis and simulation verification of the robotic arm were performed. A calculation program for solving the movement pose when the puncture needle at the end of the robotic arm reaches the target position, and a motion planning program for avoiding singularities through small-angle rotation were programmed.Results:Six groups of joint angles were randomly selected, and the theoretical coordinates calculated by the program were compared with the actual coordinates. The result showed that the error between the theoretical value and the actual value was small, which proved the correctness of the kinematics model. In the verification experiment, 3 sets of initial poses at random were simulated, the best pose was obtained by the program. Then the pose was transmitted into the control system to control the movement of the robotic arm. The verification experiment results showed that the puncture needle can reach the target point, and the singularity can be effectively avoid by the small-angle rotation of the fixed central axis.Conclusions:The singular point avoidance method based on end posture rotation can effectively avoid the failure of initial target posture motion planning, and it has reference value for the application of manipulator in puncture surgery.

Objective:To design a portable NO rescue device that can be used for NO inhalation therapy.Methods:The NO rescue device adopts a modular design, and the key parameters can be easily adjusted. The device uses a low-intensity, high-frequency pulse discharge method to produce NO mixed gas by ionizing dry air at atmospheric pressure, and uses Ca(OH) 2 particles to filter the NO 2 gas in the NO mixed air. Based on the NO rescue device, the effects of airflow direction, gas flow rate and input voltage on the levels of NO and NO 2 in the NO mixed gas were studied. The NO 2 filtering performance of the NO 2 removal device in the device was also studied. Results:When the air flows in from the cathode and flows out from the anode of the reaction chamber, and the flow rate and input voltage respectively were 2 L/min and 4 V, the system had a better performance. At this condition, the volume fraction of NO in the output gas is 3.25×10 -5, and NO 2/NO is about 0.05. Conclusions:The proposed NO rescue device can meet the needs of medical NO gas, and the system has stable performance, portable volume, and low cost, and has broad application prospects in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

The occurrence of Panax notoginseng diseases seriously constrains its economic yield,which has becoming one of the main factors that hinders the development of P.notoginseng.For the sustainable development of P.notoginseng industry,this study summarized the pathogens,incidence conditions,transmissions and control methods of main P.notoginseng diseases.This paper elaborated that the prevention of major P.notoginseng diseases should be a comprehensive strategy based on agricultural,chemical and biological control.The disease prevention-control system of focusing on prevention and comprehensive management should be established.The breeding of new varieties should be strengthened to improve the disease resistance and to promote the sustainable development of P.notoginseng industry.