OBJECTIVE To study the effects of ethanol on markers of gastric stem cells and epithe-lial cells,and explore the related signal pathways for stem cells differentiation in a mouse gastric mucous injury model.METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control and ethanol groups.The mice in the control group were given normal drinking water while those in the ethanol group were gavaged with 10 ml·kg-1 50%(V/V)ethanol on day 1,and drinking water containing 10%(V/V)ethanol was given on day 2-9.On the 10th day,stomach tissues were collected.HE staining was used to detect pathological changes in the stomach.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining was used to detect changes of such cell markers as mucin 5AC,H+/K+ATPase β and pepsin C.Immunofluorescence(IF)staining was employed to analyze changes in expression of cell markers such as H+/K+ATPase β,pepsin C and gastrin.ELISA assay was used to measure gastrin,somatostatin and interleukin 1β(IL-1β)concentrations in gastric tissue homogenates.Flow cytometry was adopted to measure the number of leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 positive(LGR5+)stem cells in gastric glands.Organoids was constructed to characterize stem cell activity.RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to analyze the inflammatory pathways and differentiation signaling pathways during mice gastric mucous injury.RESULTS H&E results showed multifocal necrosis of the mucosal layer appeared in the ethanol group,accompanied by pyknosis,lysis and detachment of mucosal epithelial cells and gastric gland cells.IHC results showed decreased expressions of mucin 5AC and increased expressions of H+/K+ATPase β and pepsin C.IF results revealed increased expressions of H+/K+ATPase β,pepsin C,and gastrin after ethanol treatment.ELISA results demonstrated significant increases in gastrin,somatostatin and IL-1β levels in gastric tissues of the ethanol group.Flow assay results suggested that the number of LGR5+stem cells significantly decreased in ethanol treated gastric tissues.Stem cells from stomach tissues treated with ethanol did not grow into organoids.RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses revealed enrichment of TNF,NF-κB and Notch pathways in the ethanol group.CONCLUSION Administration of 50%ethanol solution on day 1,followed by continuous admin-istration of 10%ethanol solution on day 2-9 can induce histopathological injury to the gastric gland and stem cells,and an increase in epithelial cells.These changes may be related to the up-regulation of inflammatory pathways and Notch signaling pathways triggered by ethanol.

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of ethanol on markers of gastric stem cells and epithe-lial cells,and explore the related signal pathways for stem cells differentiation in a mouse gastric mucous injury model.METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control and ethanol groups.The mice in the control group were given normal drinking water while those in the ethanol group were gavaged with 10 ml·kg-1 50%(V/V)ethanol on day 1,and drinking water containing 10%(V/V)ethanol was given on day 2-9.On the 10th day,stomach tissues were collected.HE staining was used to detect pathological changes in the stomach.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining was used to detect changes of such cell markers as mucin 5AC,H+/K+ATPase β and pepsin C.Immunofluorescence(IF)staining was employed to analyze changes in expression of cell markers such as H+/K+ATPase β,pepsin C and gastrin.ELISA assay was used to measure gastrin,somatostatin and interleukin 1β(IL-1β)concentrations in gastric tissue homogenates.Flow cytometry was adopted to measure the number of leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 positive(LGR5+)stem cells in gastric glands.Organoids was constructed to characterize stem cell activity.RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to analyze the inflammatory pathways and differentiation signaling pathways during mice gastric mucous injury.RESULTS H&E results showed multifocal necrosis of the mucosal layer appeared in the ethanol group,accompanied by pyknosis,lysis and detachment of mucosal epithelial cells and gastric gland cells.IHC results showed decreased expressions of mucin 5AC and increased expressions of H+/K+ATPase β and pepsin C.IF results revealed increased expressions of H+/K+ATPase β,pepsin C,and gastrin after ethanol treatment.ELISA results demonstrated significant increases in gastrin,somatostatin and IL-1β levels in gastric tissues of the ethanol group.Flow assay results suggested that the number of LGR5+stem cells significantly decreased in ethanol treated gastric tissues.Stem cells from stomach tissues treated with ethanol did not grow into organoids.RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses revealed enrichment of TNF,NF-κB and Notch pathways in the ethanol group.CONCLUSION Administration of 50%ethanol solution on day 1,followed by continuous admin-istration of 10%ethanol solution on day 2-9 can induce histopathological injury to the gastric gland and stem cells,and an increase in epithelial cells.These changes may be related to the up-regulation of inflammatory pathways and Notch signaling pathways triggered by ethanol.

Objective To explore the protective effect of wogonin on retinal ganglion cells(RGC)in mice with glau-coma and its related mechanism.Methods Ten(10 eyes)C57BL/6J mice were included in the control group,and 40(40 eyes)DBA/2J mice were selected to prepare glaucoma models,which were divided into the model group,experiment 1,2 and 3 groups,with 10 mice per group.Mice in the control and model groups were given normal saline intragastrically,and mice in the experiment 1,2 and 3 groups were intragastrically given 50,100 and 150 mg·kg-1 wogonin,respectively.The right eyes were selected as experimental eyes.The intraocular pressure(IOP)of mice was compared among the five groups before and after 2,4 and 8 weeks of intragastric administration.The RGC number and retinal thickness of mice in each group were compared after hematoxylin-eosin staining.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the retinal tissues of mice were detected by colorimetry.The levels of inter-leukin(IL)-6,IL-1 β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the retinal tissues of mice were detected by enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay.The expression levels of nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family 3(NLRP3),Caspase-1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC)in the retinal tissues of mice were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,IOP in the model group and the experiment 1,2 and 3 groups increased(all P＜0.05)before intragastric administration.After 2,4 and 8 weeks of intragastric administration,IOP in the model group and the ex-periment 1,2 and 3 groups increased compared with the control group(all P＜0.05);IOP in the experiment 1,2 and 3 groups decreased compared with the model group(all P＜0.05);IOP in the experiment 2 and 3 groups decreased compared with the experiment 1 group(both P＜0.05);IOP in the experiment 3 group decreased compared with the experiment 2 group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the number of RGC,retinal thickness,SOD and GSH-Px levels in the model group and the experiment 1,2 and 3 groups decreased,while the expression levels of NOS,IL-6,IL-1 β,TNF-α,and NLRP3,Caspase-1 and ASC proteins increased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the number of RGC,retinal thickness,SOD and GSH-Px levels in the experiment 1,2 and 3 groups increased,while the expression levels of NOS,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and NLRP3,Caspase-1 and ASC proteins decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Compared with the experiment 1 group,the number of RGC,retinal thickness,SOD and GSH-Px levels in the experiment 2 and 3 groups increased,while the expression levels of NOS,IL-6,IL-1 β,TNF-α,and NLRP3,Caspase-1 and ASC proteins decreased(all P＜0.05);compared with the experi-ment 2 group,the number of RGC,retinal thickness,SOD and GSH-Px levels in the experiment 3 group increased,while the expression levels of NOS,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and NLRP3,Caspase-1 and ASC proteins decreased(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Wogonin can improve the retinal thickness of mice with glaucoma and alleviate retinal oxidative damage and inflammatory reaction,which may be related to inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes.

ObjectiveTo analyze the changing trend of cerebrovascular disease burden in Minhang District of Shanghai from 1996 to 2021， and to provide scientific evidence for government to formulate targeted cerebrovascular disease prevention and control strategies. MethodsMortality， years of life lost（YLL）， years of lived with disability（YLD） and disability⁃adjusted life years（DALY） were used to evaluate the burden of cerebrovascular diseases in Minhang District. Joinpoint linear regression was used to analyze the trend of disease burden. ResultsFrom 1996 to 2021， the YLL rate of cerebrovascular diseases in Minhang District showed a downward trend （whole population： APC=-1.69%， t=-6.9， P<0.05）， The YLD rate of cerebrovascular diseases showed a slow upward trend （whole population： APC=1.17%， t=3.5， P<0.05）， The DALY rate of cerebrovascular diseases showed a downward trend， and fluctuated since 2003 （whole population： APC= -1.43%， t=-5.6， P<0.05）. The YLL rate of cerebrovascular diseases in men was higher than that in women， and the YLD rate of cerebrovascular diseases in women was higher than that in men. After 2014， the DALY of cerebrovascular diseases in men was higher than that in women. With the increase of age， the burden of cerebrovascular diseases increased， and the burden of disease increased significantly in the age group above 70. ConclusionThe burden of cerebrovascular diseases in Minhang District is at a high level， and there are differences in age， gender and other aspects. Measures such as screening， intervention and rehabilitation need to be improved to reduce disability and premature death caused by cerebrovascular diseases and to reduce the burden of cerebrovascular diseases on individuals， families and society.

Objective:To investigate the influence of age on the fresh cycle live birth rate in patients with poor ovarian response in different controlled ovarian hyperstimulation groups.Methods:The clinical data of 3 342 patients in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2014 to November 2018 were retrospectively collected, including early-follicular phase long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist long protocol group (1 375 cases), mid-luteal phase short-acting GnRH agonist long protocol group (1 161 cases) and GnRH antagonist protocol group (806 cases); each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to age: ≤30 years, 31－35 years, 36－40 years and >40 years, the pregnancy outcomes in each age subgroup were analyzed under different controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols.Results:In early-follicular phase long-acting GnRH agonist long protocol group, the final live birth rates of each age subgroup were 39.4% (228/579), 36.1% (135/374), 16.6% (48/290) and 3.0% (4/132); in mid-luteal phase short-acting GnRH agonist long protocol group, live birth rates of each age subgroup were 32.1% (99/308), 20.8% (55/264), 13.0% (45/346) and 7.0% (17/243); in GnRH antagonist protocol group, live birth rates of each age subgroup were 22.8% (26/114), 16.3% (25/153), 11.2% (31/278), and 3.8% (10/261); the live birth rate of each group decreased significantly with the increase of age (all P<0.01). When the age≤35 years old, the fresh cycle live birth rate of the early-follicular phase long-acting GnRH agonist long protocol group was significantly better than those of the other two groups (all P<0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis of age and live birth rate of the three controlled ovarian hyperstimulation groups showed age was the independent influence factor ( OR=0.898, 95% CI: 0.873-0.916, P<0.01; OR=0.926, 95% CI: 0.890-0.996, P<0.01; OR=0.901, 95% CI: 0.863-0.960, P<0.01). Conclusions:Age is an independent influencing factor for the prediction of fresh cycle live birth rate in low ovarian response patients. No matter which controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol is adopted, the final live birth rate decreases significantly with the increase of women′s age. In addition, the early-follicular phase long-acting GnRH agonist long protocol has the highest fresh cycle live birth rate among all controlled ovarian hyperstimulation groups.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of curved suspension laryngoscope assistant transoral surgery (CLATOS) in the examination of hypopharynx, and diagnosis and surgery of early hypopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:Thirty-four patients who underwent detailed examination for lower part of hypopharynx and surgery for early hypopharyngeal carcinoma with CLATOS technique in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2019 to January 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The age ranged from 42 to 74 years old including 28 males and 6 females. Among them, 25 patients complaining of foreign body sensation in the pharynx for more than half a year with a poor exposure of the lower pharynx in the examination with flexible laryngoscope in the outpatient department were admitted to the hospital for the further examination with rigid curved laryngoscopy and 9 patients with stage T1-2 hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were operated with CLATOS technique. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were analized.Results:One case of squamous cell carcinoma in esophageal entrance (T1N0M0) and one case of carcinoma in pyriform sinus (T1N0M0) with cervical esophageal carcinoma (T1N0M0) were found in the 25 patients with foreign body sensation in the pharynx. En bloc resection of cancer was obtained in 9 patients with stage T1-2 hypopharyngeal carcinomas and 2 of them underwent tracheotomy. One patient with T1 retrocricoid carcinoma was found to have a carcinoma in situ at the lower part of posterior hypopharyngeal wall in the examination during follow-up, which was resected simultaneously. Postoperatively this patient developed a stenosis in the esophageal entrance, which was dilated twice until swallowing normally. Two patients of T2N0M0 and one of T2N1M0 underwent bilateral neck lymph node dissection just after the removal of primary tumors. During follow-up, none of the 9 patients showed tumor recurrence and complications such as dysphonia and dyspnea.Conclusion:CLATOS technique can provide a promising way in the examination of hypopharynx and the detection of early lesions of hypopharynx and esophageal entrance, and this technique has also the advantages such as full visual angle and easy operation for the resection of early hypopharyngeal carcinoma. The quality of life of patients can be improved while the tumor is removed en bloc with this technique.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anxiety and depression status of patients with nasal septum deviation before and after surgery, and explore the relationship between anxiety and depression and nasal symptoms. METHOD: By means of visual analogue scale (VAS) as the evaluation index of quality of life, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to analyze statuses before and after surgery. The 98 patients with nasal septum deviation were collected. RESULT: The preoperative SAS/SDS scores of the nasal septum deviation patients were higher than those of the national standards. The level of anxiety and depression were lower than the national norm after treatment. The patients of the normal and moderate SAS/SDS scores felt better after surgery. The patients of the severe SAS/SDS scores felt the symptoms improve poor. CONCLUSION Doctors should pay attention to the application of the SAS/SDS in patients of nasal septum deviation. Surgeon should actively communicate with severe patients in psychological problems, and strictly control the surgical indication of such patients.
Anxiety ; complications ; Depression ; complications ; Humans ; Nasal Septum ; abnormalities ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Quality of Life ; Self Report

Obj ective To compare yhe effecys of ywo enyeral nuyriyion payhways in Geriayric ICU payienys receiving mechanical venyilayion as well as adopyion of effecyive care measures in order yo provide a basis for implemenyayion of enyeral nuyriyion feeding in yhese payienys.Methods A case-conyrol syudy was used.Fifyy ICU payienys receiving mechanical venyilayion were randomly divid-ed inyo nasogasyric yube group and nasoinyesyinal yube group,25 cases for each.Boyh group received proper nursing measures.The yime of achieving yargey dose of nuyriyion,nuyriyion improvemeny in 2,3,4 weeks and yhe incidence of complicayions were analysed.Results The yime of achieving yargey dose in nasoinyesyinal yube group was significanyly less yhan yhose in nasogasyric yube group (P<0.05).Afyer 4-weeks yreaymeny,yhe levels of yoyal proyein,serum prealbumin and yransfer-rin were improved in boyh groups wiyh a significanyly greayer degree in nasoinyesyinal yube group (P<0 .05 ).The incidence of complicayions in nasoinyesyinal yube group is significanyly less yhan yhose in nasogasyric yube group (P<0 .05 ).Conclusion Nasoinyesyinal yube feeding combined wiyh proper nursing measures in elderly ICU payienys receiving mechanical venyilayion makes yhe yargey dose of nuyriyion easily achieved and reduces yhe incidence of complicayions of mechanical venyilayion such as aspirayion and abdominal disyension.