Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor in the world, and China is a country with high incidence of esophageal cancer. Currently, The treatment options for resectable esophageal cancer is multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment based on surgery. In recent years, minimally invasive esophageal cancer surgery has been increasingly used in clinical practice, especially McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE) has become the most minimally invasive esophagectomy currently used in China. But how effective is the McKeown MIE for esophageal cancer compared to the open McKeown and other minimally invasive esophageal cancer procedures? A detailed comprehensive description is not yet available. In this paper, We will summarize the clinical studies related to McKeown MIE and traditional open McKeown, Ivor-Lewis MIE, Sweet operation and robot-assisted McKeown MIE, and systematically analyze them, so as to clarify the value of McKeown MIE surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Objective To provide a reference basis for the establishment of ideal animal models of leukemia,the characteristics of animal models of leukemia was summarized.Methods The themes of"leukemia"and"animal"were searched in CNKI databases.The relevant literature on animal experiments of leukemia from January 2010 to August 2024 were screened.And a database by Excel 2017 tables was established by organizing their research animal strains,modeling methods and testing indexes to analyze the characteristics of leukemia animal models.Results After comparative analysis,it was found that the animal strains in modeling were BALB/C-nude mice(40 times,29.86%)and NOD/SCID mice(32 times,23.88%),respectively.The modeling method was transplanted cells(127 times,93.38%),and the detection indexes were pathological tissues(80 times,14.84%),blood smears(75 times.13.91%),general condition(73 times,13.54%),bone marrow smear(73 times,13.54%),flow cytometry(55 times,10.20%),blood routine(50 times,9.28%).Conclusion The existing animal models of leukemia are complex and diverse.

Objective To provide a reference basis for the establishment of ideal animal models of leukemia,the characteristics of animal models of leukemia was summarized.Methods The themes of"leukemia"and"animal"were searched in CNKI databases.The relevant literature on animal experiments of leukemia from January 2010 to August 2024 were screened.And a database by Excel 2017 tables was established by organizing their research animal strains,modeling methods and testing indexes to analyze the characteristics of leukemia animal models.Results After comparative analysis,it was found that the animal strains in modeling were BALB/C-nude mice(40 times,29.86%)and NOD/SCID mice(32 times,23.88%),respectively.The modeling method was transplanted cells(127 times,93.38%),and the detection indexes were pathological tissues(80 times,14.84%),blood smears(75 times.13.91%),general condition(73 times,13.54%),bone marrow smear(73 times,13.54%),flow cytometry(55 times,10.20%),blood routine(50 times,9.28%).Conclusion The existing animal models of leukemia are complex and diverse.

Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor in the world, and China is a country with high incidence of esophageal cancer. Currently, The treatment options for resectable esophageal cancer is multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment based on surgery. In recent years, minimally invasive esophageal cancer surgery has been increasingly used in clinical practice, especially McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE) has become the most minimally invasive esophagectomy currently used in China. But how effective is the McKeown MIE for esophageal cancer compared to the open McKeown and other minimally invasive esophageal cancer procedures? A detailed comprehensive description is not yet available. In this paper, We will summarize the clinical studies related to McKeown MIE and traditional open McKeown, Ivor-Lewis MIE, Sweet operation and robot-assisted McKeown MIE, and systematically analyze them, so as to clarify the value of McKeown MIE surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Objective:To explore the related risk factors of secondary thoracotomy to stop bleeding after rheumatic heart disease valve replacement.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 373 patients in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University who underwent rheumatic heart disease valve replacement surgery from December 2013 to October 2020. According to whether or not to perform secondary thoracotomy to stop bleeding after operation, they were divided into two thoracotomy case group and control group. Collect the relevant clinical data of the patients, and analyze the risk factors that affect the second postoperative thoracotomy to stop bleeding through univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.Results:Among the 373 patients, 62 cases (16.62%) were in the secondary thoracotomy group and 311 cases (83.38%) were in the control group. Univariate analysis showed that the patient' s age, gender, prehospital cardiac function classification, pulmonary artery pressure, hemoglobin value (Hb), prothrombin time (PT), operation time, combined hypertension, intraoperative blood transfusion and postoperative two The occurrence of secondary thoracotomy to stop bleeding was related, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that prehospital cardiac function classification, Hb, PT, and hypertension are the risk factors leading to secondary thoracotomy to stop bleeding after rheumatic heart disease valve replacement. Conclusion:Effective control of risk factors can reduce the incidence of secondary thoracotomy after rheumatic heart disease valve replacement, and reduce the risk caused by secondary operations.

AIM: To develop a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the quantification of zidovudine and to study the pharmacokinetics of two kinds of zidovudine capsules in Chinese healthy volunteers. METHODS :The concentrations of zidovudine in plasma were determined by a validated HPLC method with UV detection. A randomized two-way crossover study was conducted in 18 fasting volunteers to compare plasma pharmacokinetic profile and single-dose tolerability of a new zidovudine capsules. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of two formulations, reference and test capsules, were as follows: cmax were (2 252±s 837) μg·L-1 and (2 300±1 099) μg·L-1; tmax were (0.49±0.19) h and (0.5±0.3) h;t1/2 ke were (0.93±0.19) h and (0.99±0.24) h; AUC0-t were (2 530±452) μg·h·L-1 and (2 467±605) μg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞ were(2 689 ± 414) μg·h·L-1 and (2 583±575) μg·h·L-1. The results of ANOVA and two one-side t test statistical analysis for lg AUC0-t, lg AUC0-∞ and lg cmax showed that two formulations were bioequivalent. CONCLUSION:The method is convenient, sensitive, accurate and reproducible, and could be applied to determining the plasma zidovudine concentration and studying on pharmacokinetics. Two zidovudine capsules are bioequivalent in Chinese healthy volunteers.

AIM: To establish a method to determine the concentration of indinavir in human plasma and study indinavir bioavailability in Chinese healthy people. METHODS: In a random two-period crossover study, 18 healthy male volunteers received a single dose of indinavir capsules 800 mg of two formulations respectively.A sensitive and specific reversed phase HPLC method was developed to quantitate plasma levels of indinavir. The drug was extracted from plasma with acetonitrile. Analysis was performed on a Hy persil C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:0.01 mol · L -1 phosphate buffer(pH 5.5 ) (43: 57).The UV detector was set at 210 nm. The standard curve covered the concentration ranged from 0. 03 to 16.38 mg · L-1. RESULTS: The concentration-time curves of reference and tested formulations both fitted to a one-compartment open model. The main pharmacokinetic rameters of tested and reference formulations were (10.6 ±s 2.4) mg· L-1 and (9.8 ±2.2)mg· L-1 for cmax, (0. 71 ± 0. 19) h and (0. 8 ±0.3) h for tmax, (1.30±0.24) h and (1.31 ±0.23) h for t1/2ke, (23±6) mg·h· L-1 and (22±5) mg·h · L-1 forAUC0-10, (24±6) mg · h · L-1 and (22±5) mg · h · L-1 for AUC0-∞, respectively. Two one-sidet test and variance analysis were performed in bioequivalent assessment. No statistically significant difference was found in AUC0-10, AUC0-∞ and cmax values between the tested and reference formulations. CONCLUSION:The reversed phase HPLC is a reliable method to determine the concentration of indinavir in human plasma and the two formulations of indinavir are bioequivalent.