Objective To analyze the pattern of group medication in Parkinson's disease cognitive disorders based on data mining.Methods The famous TCM experience and effective clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in the treatment of Parkinson's disease were retrieved in databases of CNKI,Wanfang and Weipu,from the founding of the databases to August 2024.Medication rules were analyzed.Results A total of 60 Chinese prescriptions were included,including 120 traditional Chinese medicines.High-frequency drugs for the treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease included Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Rhizoma Gastrodiae Praeparata,Fructus Lycii,Herba Cistanches,Acorus Calamus and others.The flavour of the medicine were mainly sweet,bitter and pungent,the nature of the medicine was mainly warm,cold and calm and the meridians of the medicine were mainly liver,kidney and heart.Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata-Comu Cervi Pantotrichum,Rhizoma Gastrodiae Praeparata-Hooker's Tree,Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata-Cistanches are the commonly used pairs;Lycium barbarum-Cornus officinalis-Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata,Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata-Radix Angelicae Sinensis-Radix Paeoniae Alba were commonly used combination.Cluster analysis yielded 5 broad categories.Conclusion The primary pharmacological agents employed in traditional Chinese medicine to address cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson's disease emphasize the replenishment of essence and nourishing the marrow.These agents are complemented by nootropic substances that facilitate bodily openness,promote liver health,alleviate wind,resolve phlegm,and invigorate blood circulation and meridian pathways,worth of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To examine of Ye Tianshi's approach to managing internal wind through herbal remedies.Methods A comprehensive search was conducted for medical cases pertaining to internal wind,liver wind,dizziness,head wind,deficiency labor,liver fire,insomnia,convulsions,epilepsy,and headache within the Clinical Guidelines in Medical Cases.Statistical analysis of symptom elements,target locations of symptom elements,frequency of Chinese medicinal substances,their properties,and meridian affiliations was performed using Excel.Prescription patterns were further analyzed through association rules and high-frequency drug clustering.Results The study included a total of 167 medical cases,from which 241 symptom elements and 333 target locations were extracted.A total of 183 prescriptions were analyzed,comprising 132 medicinal substances with an overall frequency of 1309 occurrences.The five most frequently used Chinese medicines were Sheng Di Huang,Fu Shen,E Jiao,Fu Ling,and Shu Di Huang.The predominant property observed was cold,followed by warm and neutral;the most common flavor was sweet,succeeded by bitter and warm.The leading meridian affiliations identified were liver,kidney,lung,heart,and spleen.The drug association rule analysis revealed 14 items,while high-frequency drug clustering resulted in 9 distinct categories.Conclusion Ye Tianshi's therapeutic approach to internal wind emphasizes the concept of"yang transforming into internal wind."The core principles of this treatment strategy involve nourishing bodily fluids to mitigate wind,addressing excess conditions in the upper body while rectifying deficiencies in the lower body,and promoting tranquility in the liver and stomach.Additionally,the use of pungent and sweet flavors is employed to facilitate the transformation of wind,to clear the liver and dispel heat,to eliminate wind and resolve phlegm,to tonify qi and enhance defensive qi,and to clear heat in order to soothe the spirit.This methodology seeks to achieve harmony among the organs and meridians while pacifying internal wind.

Objective To analyze the pattern of group medication in Parkinson's disease cognitive disorders based on data mining.Methods The famous TCM experience and effective clinical treatment of cognitive impairment in the treatment of Parkinson's disease were retrieved in databases of CNKI,Wanfang and Weipu,from the founding of the databases to August 2024.Medication rules were analyzed.Results A total of 60 Chinese prescriptions were included,including 120 traditional Chinese medicines.High-frequency drugs for the treatment of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease included Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata,Radix Paeoniae Alba,Rhizoma Gastrodiae Praeparata,Fructus Lycii,Herba Cistanches,Acorus Calamus and others.The flavour of the medicine were mainly sweet,bitter and pungent,the nature of the medicine was mainly warm,cold and calm and the meridians of the medicine were mainly liver,kidney and heart.Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata-Comu Cervi Pantotrichum,Rhizoma Gastrodiae Praeparata-Hooker's Tree,Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata-Cistanches are the commonly used pairs;Lycium barbarum-Cornus officinalis-Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata,Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata-Radix Angelicae Sinensis-Radix Paeoniae Alba were commonly used combination.Cluster analysis yielded 5 broad categories.Conclusion The primary pharmacological agents employed in traditional Chinese medicine to address cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson's disease emphasize the replenishment of essence and nourishing the marrow.These agents are complemented by nootropic substances that facilitate bodily openness,promote liver health,alleviate wind,resolve phlegm,and invigorate blood circulation and meridian pathways,worth of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To examine of Ye Tianshi's approach to managing internal wind through herbal remedies.Methods A comprehensive search was conducted for medical cases pertaining to internal wind,liver wind,dizziness,head wind,deficiency labor,liver fire,insomnia,convulsions,epilepsy,and headache within the Clinical Guidelines in Medical Cases.Statistical analysis of symptom elements,target locations of symptom elements,frequency of Chinese medicinal substances,their properties,and meridian affiliations was performed using Excel.Prescription patterns were further analyzed through association rules and high-frequency drug clustering.Results The study included a total of 167 medical cases,from which 241 symptom elements and 333 target locations were extracted.A total of 183 prescriptions were analyzed,comprising 132 medicinal substances with an overall frequency of 1309 occurrences.The five most frequently used Chinese medicines were Sheng Di Huang,Fu Shen,E Jiao,Fu Ling,and Shu Di Huang.The predominant property observed was cold,followed by warm and neutral;the most common flavor was sweet,succeeded by bitter and warm.The leading meridian affiliations identified were liver,kidney,lung,heart,and spleen.The drug association rule analysis revealed 14 items,while high-frequency drug clustering resulted in 9 distinct categories.Conclusion Ye Tianshi's therapeutic approach to internal wind emphasizes the concept of"yang transforming into internal wind."The core principles of this treatment strategy involve nourishing bodily fluids to mitigate wind,addressing excess conditions in the upper body while rectifying deficiencies in the lower body,and promoting tranquility in the liver and stomach.Additionally,the use of pungent and sweet flavors is employed to facilitate the transformation of wind,to clear the liver and dispel heat,to eliminate wind and resolve phlegm,to tonify qi and enhance defensive qi,and to clear heat in order to soothe the spirit.This methodology seeks to achieve harmony among the organs and meridians while pacifying internal wind.

Objective:To carry out the monitoring of H5N6 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) in the population infection and live poultry markets (LPMs) environmental pollution in Changsha city from 2016 to 2018. Laboratory data were provided to prevent human infection with H5N6 subtype AIV.Methods:A total of 6 909 throat swab specimens from the population and 1 719 environmental specimens from LPMs were collected in Changsha city from 2016 to 2018. The real-time RT-PCR method was used for the detection of influenza virus in type A, H5, H7, H9 and N6 subtypes. Eighty-two AIV nucleic acid-positive specimens were subjected to high-throughput nucleotide sequencing, and then BLAST similarity and amino acid (aa) key site analyses were performed on the sequencing results.Results:One H5N6 subtype AIV nucleic acid was detected from 6 909 population throat swab specimens, 927 (53.93%) positive specimens of A-type AIV nucleic acids and 193 (11.23%) positive specimens of both H5 and N6 subtypes were detected from 1 719 LPMs environmental specimens. Fourteen genomic sequences of H5N6 subtype AIV were obtained with high-throughput nucleotide sequencing, and aa key site analyses showed that there were 6 basic aa in 338-347 aa of viral HA protein-linked peptide, which was highly pathogenic to birds. Receptor binding site (RBS) 238-240 aa (corresponding to H3 type influenza virus 226-228 aa) is QSG or QRG, and the receptor is characterized by avian origin. The 290th resistance gene locus of NA protein did not show R290K mutation, and was sensitive to NA inhibitor (Duffy/osoterosine phosphate). The E627K and D701N(I) mutations in the viral PB2 protein indicate that the virus is pathogenic.Conclusions:Human infected with H5N6 subtype AIV in Changsha city is sporadic, and the H5N6 subtype AIV of LPMs is seriously polluted. It is necessary to further strengthen the AIV surveillance of LPMs.

Objective To explore the variation in the gene mutation patterns and risk factors of HBV polymerase region (P) in chronic viral hepatitis (CHB) patients with nucleoside analogues therapy.Methods A total of 108 chronic hepatitis B patients with viral breakthrough after the treatment of nucleoside analogues were selected as the study subjects.The PCR product direct sequencing method was used to analyze the genetic variation of HBV P region.Results Among 108 cases,69 cases were detected by gene drug resistance,and the mutation type amount to 12,among which rtM204I was the most common (30.4％),and the second was rtL180M/rtM204I combined mutation (13％).The proportion of the major nucleoside analogues resistance highest proportion of lamivudine was 62.3％,followed by adefovir dipivoxil (21.7％) and telbivudine (15.9％).There were 33 cases with a single site mutation,29 cases with two sites mutation and 7 cases with three and above sites mutation.In the 7 cases,1 case was treated with lamivudine,1 case with entecavir,and the remaining 5 cases with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.Conclusion The amino acid of HBV P gene resistant mutation is complex and varied,and rtM204V/I mutation is the most common type.Three and above sites mutation is associated with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.

Objective To explore the variation in the gene mutation patterns and risk factors of HBV polymerase region (P) in chronic viral hepatitis (CHB) patients with nucleoside analogues therapy.Methods A total of 108 chronic hepatitis B patients with viral breakthrough after the treatment of nucleoside analogues were selected as the study subjects.The PCR product direct sequencing method was used to analyze the genetic variation of HBV P region.Results Among 108 cases,69 cases were detected by gene drug resistance,and the mutation type amount to 12,among which rtM204I was the most common (30.4％),and the second was rtL180M/rtM204I combined mutation (13％).The proportion of the major nucleoside analogues resistance highest proportion of lamivudine was 62.3％,followed by adefovir dipivoxil (21.7％) and telbivudine (15.9％).There were 33 cases with a single site mutation,29 cases with two sites mutation and 7 cases with three and above sites mutation.In the 7 cases,1 case was treated with lamivudine,1 case with entecavir,and the remaining 5 cases with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.Conclusion The amino acid of HBV P gene resistant mutation is complex and varied,and rtM204V/I mutation is the most common type.Three and above sites mutation is associated with irregular combined or sequential use of lamivudine,adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir.

Objective To understand Shenzhen Longgang,guangming and longhua new district four district hospital ICU pa-tients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis merger lower respiratory infection of pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance status of provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and rational use of antibiotics therapy.Methods Random selec-tion from February 2013 to October 2015 in the three district hospital ICU diagnosis of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis patients with lower respiratory infection in 593 cases of sputum specimen pathogenic bacteria culture and drug susceptibility results were retrospectively analyzed.Results 593 cases of ICU secondary pulmonary tuberculosis patients with respiratory tract infection of the communist party of China isolated 617 strains of pathogenic bacteria,fungi accounted for 49.6% (306/617),gram negative bacilli accounted for 40.4% (249/617),gram positive cocci accounted for 10.0% (62/617).Fungal in-fection main pathogens for white smooth candida yeast and candida yeast,respectively accounted for 44.2% (273/617)and
4.5% (28/617),gram negative bacillus mainlyKlebsiellaPneumoniae,Pseudomonasaeruginosa,and H.influenzae,respec-tively accounted for 16.7% (103/617),12.0% (74/617)and 7.3% (45/617),gram-positive cocci mainly for Saphylococcus aureus and Epidermisstaphylococcus and Hemolyticstaphylococci,respectively accounted for 4.5% (28/617),3.2% (20/617)and 0.9% (5/617).Pathogenicbacteria isolated from the multiple drug resistant bacteria,present different levels of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents.Conclusion ICU patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis merger of lower respiratory tract infection pathogens to fungi and gram-negative bacilli,the most commonWhite candida,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Pseudomonasaeruginosa,and different levels of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents.

Objective To assess effectiveness of implementation of non-pharmaceutical treatment in a standardized community-based hypertension management program in China.MethodsA protocol of standardized community-based hypertension management was developed based on current guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension in China.Physicians in community health-care service centers at the grassroots across China were trained in a standardized way using this protocol during 2005 to 2008,and then the trainees were required to manage hypertensive patients according to the protocol.Hypertensive patients eligible for criteria of inclusion and under management for more than one year were analyzed to observe changes in their behavioral risk factors,pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment,and effectiveness of blood pressure lowering.ResultsBy the end of 2008,a total of 29 411 hypertensive patients had been managed for one year according to the protocol and 20 077 patients with complete data (47.1％ for male)with mean age of 61±11 years were eligible for analysis.After standardized management of one year,prevalence of smoking,alcohol drinking and proportion of patients who preferred salty diet decreased from 17.7 percent,18.1 percent and 32.8 percent to 8.9 percent,8.7 percent and 15.8 percent,respectively(P＜0.01).Srstolic blood pressure(BP)decreased by 11.6[95％confidence interval(CI)10.8-12.4]mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),13.7(95％CI 13.3-14.1)mm Hg and 15.2(95％CI14.8-15.6)mmHg in the patients with non-pharmaceutical therapy,pharmaceutical therapy and both,respectively；and diastolic BP decreased by 7.5(95％CI6.9-8.1)mm Hg,8.3(95％CI8.1-8.5)mmHg and 8.0(95％CI7.8-8.2)mm Hg in the three groups,respectively.During the one-year period of management,proportion of the patients with appropriate non-pharmaceutical therapy increased continuously.By the end of one-year management,59.5 percent of smoked patients were required to quit their smoking,55.5 percent of alcohol drinkers were required to limit their drinking,52.3 percent of overweight and obese patients were required to reduce their weight and 47.3 percent of patients with physical exercises less than three times a week were required to increase their regular physical activity.However,certain proportion of the patients with risk factors did not receive appropriate non-pharmaceutical therapy.Conclusion Guideline-oriented hypertension management succeeded in lifestyle changes among the patients,but it is a gradual process to its full implementation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate species and drug resistance of pathogenic fungi from patients with urogenital candidiasis.METHODS The fungi were cultured with general method,isolated and identified with CHRO-Magar medium and API20C AUX stripes.Drug sensitive test was tested by M-27-A broth microdilution method recommendated.RESULTS In 331 pathogenic fungi,C.albicans was the most frequent species,followed by C.glabrata and C.parapsilosis.The resistant rate in the female patients was:to itraconazole 3.24%,fluconazole 4.32%,nystatin 4.86%, amphotericin B 6.49%,miconazole 16.76%,ketoconazole 17.84%,and to econazole 28.6%,and that in the male patients was:to nystatin 4.11%,itraconazole 5.48%,fluconazole 8.22%,amphotericin B 10.27%,ketoconazole 17.81%,econazole 23.29% and to miconazole 26.71%.CONCLUSIONS In order to guide clinically the selection of reasonable antifungals,species identification and sensitive test should also be stressed.