The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is related to the imbalance of viscera,qi,blood,and yin and yang. Some Parkinson's symptoms show opposite characteristics and abnormal constraints because of the influence of its complex pathogenesis. At the qi transformation level,static tremor and muscular rigidity exhibit two opposite states of yang qi:dispersion and contraction. At the spirit level,the sleep disorder of rapid eye movement is caused by the abnormal constraint of the soul on the corporeal soul. The liver is in charge of ascending,whereas the lung is in charge of descending. The liver prefers to disperse,whereas the lung prefers to converge;the lung restrains the liver,and metal (representing the lungs) overcomes wood (representing the liver). Therefore,the liver and lung also possess opposing and mutually restraining characteristics. This study explored the correlation between the liver and lung of patients with Parkinson's disease at the three levels of spirit,qi transformation,and viscera based on the theory of "restraining excessiveness to acquire harmony". It established the connection between motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease through the interaction of these three factors. The study elaborated on the generation of symptoms and treatment options for both motor and non-motor symptoms. Under physiological conditions,the liver and lung maintain a dynamic equilibrium of " restraining excessiveness from acquiring harmony" through restraint without suppression,promoting coexistence and harmony. However,under pathological conditions,the functions of the spirit,qi transformation,and viscera of the liver and lung may exhibit abnormalities,and they could mutually influence each other. This study investigated the "restraining excessiveness to achieve harmony" relationship between the liver and lung,focusing on spirit,qi transformation,and viscera levels. The aim of this study was to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and to offer novel insights into its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

[Objective]To explore the theoretical connotation of Song Huizong's "Harmonious Diet" view.[Methods]Combining the research methods of medicine and philosophy,based on the idea of dietary rehabilitation and education in Shengji Jing of Song Huizong (hereinafter referred to as "Shengji Jing"),and taking the theoretical origin of "Harmonious Diet" as clue,the concept of "Harmonious Diet" in Shengji Jing was deeply explored and discussed from three dimensions of theoretical connotation,health essentials and importance.[Results]"Drink harmony" and "food virtue" initially reflected the Confucian thought of thanking ancestors and imperial graces. Song Huizong creatively combined them into one in his medical book Shengji Jing,which changed from thanking ancestors and imperial gratitude to being grateful for the nature of heaven and earth,and included the main contents of food,nourishment and dietotherapy,which constituted the core idea of traditional food education of "Harmonious Diet". The thought of "Harmonious Diet" covered many aspects,such as the choice and collocation of diet,the temperance of diet,the timing of diet and so on.[Conclusion]The idea of "Harmonious Diet" emphasizes that according to the principle of five elements in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,food suitable for individual physique should be selected,and dietary habits should be adjusted according to the law of changes in nature,so as to achieve the effect of harmonizing Yin and Yang,balancing Zang-Fu organs,enhancing physique and preventing diseases. The related content of "Harmonious Diet" still has great reference significance for diet health in modern society.

[Objective]To explore the theoretical connotation of Song Huizong's "Harmonious Diet" view.[Methods]Combining the research methods of medicine and philosophy,based on the idea of dietary rehabilitation and education in Shengji Jing of Song Huizong (hereinafter referred to as "Shengji Jing"),and taking the theoretical origin of "Harmonious Diet" as clue,the concept of "Harmonious Diet" in Shengji Jing was deeply explored and discussed from three dimensions of theoretical connotation,health essentials and importance.[Results]"Drink harmony" and "food virtue" initially reflected the Confucian thought of thanking ancestors and imperial graces. Song Huizong creatively combined them into one in his medical book Shengji Jing,which changed from thanking ancestors and imperial gratitude to being grateful for the nature of heaven and earth,and included the main contents of food,nourishment and dietotherapy,which constituted the core idea of traditional food education of "Harmonious Diet". The thought of "Harmonious Diet" covered many aspects,such as the choice and collocation of diet,the temperance of diet,the timing of diet and so on.[Conclusion]The idea of "Harmonious Diet" emphasizes that according to the principle of five elements in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,food suitable for individual physique should be selected,and dietary habits should be adjusted according to the law of changes in nature,so as to achieve the effect of harmonizing Yin and Yang,balancing Zang-Fu organs,enhancing physique and preventing diseases. The related content of "Harmonious Diet" still has great reference significance for diet health in modern society.

[Objective]To sort out and correct the error of the 27th prescription "Warm disease in summer of Hand Taiyin" about Qingluo Drink in Wenbing Tiaobian·Summer Heat in Upper-Jiao(Analysis of Warm Diseases).The "Hand Taiyin" is mistakenly spread as "Hand Taiyang".[Methods]By using literature retrieval methods,relevant erroneous papers and works in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Duxiu databases were retrieved.Textual comparisons were made with the initial edition of Wenbing Tiaobian in the digital platform of Airusheng Chinese Basic Classics Library V8.0 and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Library's ancient books and Republican-era thread-bound book digitization platform.[Results]In the above-mentioned database,a total of 8 books and 1 dissertation mistakenly referred to "Hand Taiyin" to "Hand Taiyang".Most of these publications claim that their source is the first edition of Wenxin Tang in the 18th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1813),but there is no error in the original text.This error first appeared in 1994.The publication of Wenbing Tiaobian by People's Medical Publishing House in 2005 played a role in the vertical and horizontal dissemination of this error.Many other publications from the same publishing house inherited the 10 errors from the 2005 edition of Wenbing Tiaobian.[Conclusion]The error of the 27th prescription "Warm disease in summer of Hand Taiyin" about Qingluo Drink in Wenbing Tiaobian·Summer Heat in Upper-Jiao(Analysis of Warm Diseases) may have been caused by omission and typo of the editing staff initially.Later,it spread in relevant publications of People's Medical Publishing House,possibly due to the reuse of internal documents during reprinting,resulting in the inheritance of historical errors.This serves as a reminder that when reprinting ancient books,publishing houses should carefully review and strive for excellence to avoid perpetuating errors.

[Objective]To sort out and correct the error of the 27th prescription "Warm disease in summer of Hand Taiyin" about Qingluo Drink in Wenbing Tiaobian·Summer Heat in Upper-Jiao(Analysis of Warm Diseases).The "Hand Taiyin" is mistakenly spread as "Hand Taiyang".[Methods]By using literature retrieval methods,relevant erroneous papers and works in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Duxiu databases were retrieved.Textual comparisons were made with the initial edition of Wenbing Tiaobian in the digital platform of Airusheng Chinese Basic Classics Library V8.0 and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Library's ancient books and Republican-era thread-bound book digitization platform.[Results]In the above-mentioned database,a total of 8 books and 1 dissertation mistakenly referred to "Hand Taiyin" to "Hand Taiyang".Most of these publications claim that their source is the first edition of Wenxin Tang in the 18th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1813),but there is no error in the original text.This error first appeared in 1994.The publication of Wenbing Tiaobian by People's Medical Publishing House in 2005 played a role in the vertical and horizontal dissemination of this error.Many other publications from the same publishing house inherited the 10 errors from the 2005 edition of Wenbing Tiaobian.[Conclusion]The error of the 27th prescription "Warm disease in summer of Hand Taiyin" about Qingluo Drink in Wenbing Tiaobian·Summer Heat in Upper-Jiao(Analysis of Warm Diseases) may have been caused by omission and typo of the editing staff initially.Later,it spread in relevant publications of People's Medical Publishing House,possibly due to the reuse of internal documents during reprinting,resulting in the inheritance of historical errors.This serves as a reminder that when reprinting ancient books,publishing houses should carefully review and strive for excellence to avoid perpetuating errors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and infection regularity of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients undergoing tracheal intubation and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of VAP infection in the future. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to collect the microbial data of airway secretion cultures from 72 patients with endotracheal intubation admitted to the emergency ward of Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital from May 2020 to February 2021, and the species of microorganisms and intubation time were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Among 72 patients with endotracheal intubation, males were more than females (58.33% vs. 41.67%); Patients over 60 years old accounted for 90.28%; pneumonia was the main primary disease, accounting for 58.33%. Pathogenic tests showed that: (1) 72 patients were infected with Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) 48 hours after intubation, 51.39% (37/72), 27.78% (20/72), and 26.39% (19/72), respectively. The infection rate of AB was significantly higher than that of KP and PA. Within 48 hours of intubation, the infection rates of AB, KP, and PA were 20.83% (15/72), 13.89% (10/72), and 4.17% (3/72), respectively. Of the 42 patients with primary pneumonia, 61.90% (26/42) were infected with one or more of the three pathogenic bacteria AB, KP, and PA 48 hours after intubation, indicating a change in the etiology of the pathogenic bacteria, with the main pathogenic bacteria transitioning from other pathogenic bacteria to AB, KP, and PA. (2) AB, KP, and PA were prone to cause late onset VAP (i.e., intubation ≥ 5 days). Respectively, among VAP patients infected with AB, late onset VAP accounted for 59.46% (22/37). Among patients infected with KP, 75.00% (15/20) had late onset VAP. Among patients infected with PA, late onset VAP accounted for 94.74% (18/19), indicating a higher proportion of late onset VAP caused by PA and KP. (3) Infection was closely related to intubation time, and the pipeline can be replaced according to the peak period of infection. AB and KP infections peaked within 4 days after intubation, reaching 57.69% (30/52) and 50.00% (15/30), respectively. It is recommended to replace the tubes or undergo sensitive antimicrobial therapy around 3-4 days after starting the machine. The proportion of PA infection after 7 days of intubation was 72.73% (16/22), and it was considered to replace the pipeline after 7 days. (4) Most of the three pathogenic bacteria, AB, KP, and PA were carbapenem resistant pathogens with multiple drug resistance. Except for PA, the infection rate of carbapenem resistant bacteria (CRAB, CRKP) was significantly higher than that of non-carbapenem resistant bacteria (AB, KP), accounting for 86.54% (45/52) and 66.67% (20/30) of the corresponding infection cases, respectively, while CRPA only accounts for 18.18% (4/22). CONCLUSIONS The main differences in VAP infection caused by AB, KP, and PA pathogens are infection time, infection probability, and carbapenem resistance. Targeted prevention and treatment measures can be implemented for patients with intubation.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; Retrospective Studies ; China ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; Klebsiella pneumoniae

【Objective】 To investigate the value of three hemolysis tests and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level in the diagnosis of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). 【Methods】 From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022, the neonates hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology of Hebei Provincial Children's Hospital with suspected hemolytic disease who had serological testing were retrospectively enrolled in the study. They were distributed into HDFN group and non-HDFN group according to the final diagnosis. Their clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed, and the COHb level was detected by blood gas analyzer. 【Results】 A total of 378 neonates with HDFN and 217 neonates without HDFN were included in the study. Most of the neonates in HDFN group were full-term infants (348/378, 92.1%), with median gestational age of 39.1 (38.3, 40.0) weeks. Three hundred and fifty-four cases (354/378, 93.7%) were ABO-HDFN and the rest were Rh HDFN. There were significant differences in the level of serum total bilirubin, hemoglobin, COHb and reticulocyte percentage at admission between the two groups(P<0.05). The positive rate of three hemolysis tests in HDFN group decreased with the increase of the days after birth. The highest positive rate (more than 80%) was observed within 2 days after birth. Correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between the COHb level and the age (rs = -0.434, P<0.001) . Among the three hemolysis tests in HDFN group, the positive rate of antibody release test was the highest (69.0%), followed by the free antibody test (55.6%) and the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) (36.0%). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of COHb was 1.15%.The sensitivity of COHb ≥ 1.15% was 51.8%, higher than single DAT (36.0%) . The diagnosis effectiveness of three hemolysis tests couldn't be improved when combined with COHb detection(Z = -0.727, P>0.05) . 【Conclusion】 The three hemolysis tests are important in the diagnosis of HDFN, among which the antibody release test has the highest sensitivity. COHb has certain value for the diagnosis of HDFN, but joint testing cannot improve the diagnosis effectiveness of three hemolysis tests. Hemolysis tests and/or COHb detection should be conducted for neonates at risk of hemolysis as early as possible after birth.

Objective:To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of volume management of maintenance hemodialysis patients, so as to provide a basis for standardizing volume management and carrying out refined individual care.Methods:By means of convenience sampling, 608 patients from 4 hospitals who received regular dialysis treatment in Xuzhou and Yancheng hemodialysis rooms in October 2021 were selected as subjects. Patients were surveyed by a self-designed knowledge questionnaires of volume management, Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients′ Capacity Management Behavior Scale and Self-Efficacy Scale. Questionnaires were collected through the questionnaire star.Results:A total of 608 valid questionnaires were collected. The knowledge dimension scored 8.21 ± 2.27 , atitude dimension scored 7.36 ± 2.06 and behavior dimension scored 15.07 ± 4.22. Multiplelinear regression analysis showed that age, dialysis age and self-care ability were predictors of volume management knowledge score ( t=-2.07, 2.35, -3.90, all P<0.05 ). Medical insurance type was a predictor of volume management attitude score ( t=-2.17, P<0.05). Education level was a predictor of volume management behavior score ( t=3.04, P<0.05). Conclusions:The capacity management knowledge and capacity management attitude of maintenance hemodialysis patients is in the medium level, but with poor volume management executive ability. It is suggested that medical staff carry out health education related to volume management according to different characteristics of patients, and effectively improve patients′ volume management ability.

Objective:To study the clinical features of neonatal hyperthyroidism.Methods:From September 2013 to September 2020, clinical data of neonates with hyperthyroidism admitted to the neonatal intense care unit of our hospital were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 7 neonates were included. The average gestation age was (35.8±2.3) weeks with 5 cases had GA<37 weeks. The median age of diagnostic was 16 d (7~18 d). The common clinical manifestations included tachycardia, irritability, low-grade fever, hyperhidrosis, bulimia, poor weight gain, diarrhea and jaundice. The levels of serum free triiodothyronine (FT 3) and thyroxine (FT 4) were elevated in all 7 cases and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were decreased. The Doppler ultrasound of thyroid gland in two neonates revealed enlarged thyroid gland with abundant blood flow. All 7 mothers had hyperthyroidism with 4 mothers provided the history of hyperthyroidism and the other 3 were also confirmed after their infants were diagnosed. All 7 infants were treated with anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) and 2 were additionally given β-blockers to control heart rate. The median ATD duration was 40 d (7~58 d). 2 cases (both preterm infants) had slight decrease in FT 4 during medication. FT 4 of all 7 cases returned to normal before TSH. Conclusions:Neonatal hyperthyroidism has various and nonspecific clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are important to prevent short-term and long-term adverse outcomes. Whether their mothers provide definite history of thyroid disorder or not, the thyroid function of the suspected neonates should be carefully monitored.

Objective:To investigate the changes of quadriceps femoris thickness with the length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) in patients with sepsis, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of muscle changes in mortality.Methods:A prospective study was conducted, and 92 patients with sepsis who were admitted to the ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled. The thickness of quadriceps femoris [including the quadriceps femoris muscle thickness at the midpoint of the anterior superior iliac spine and the upper edge of the patella (M-QMLT), and at the middle and lower 1/3 of the patella (T-QMLT)] measured by ultrasound 1 day (D1), 3 days (D3), and 7 days (D7) after admission to the ICU were collected. The atrophy rate of quadriceps femoris was calculated 3 and 7 days after admission to the ICU compared with 1 day [(D3-D1)/D1 and (D7-D1)/D1, (TD3-TD1)/TD1 and (TD7-TD1)/TD1, respectively]. The demographic information, underlying diseases, vital signs when admission to the ICU and in-hospital mortality of all patients were recorded, and the differences of the above indicators between the two groupswere compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness and atrophy rate on in-hospital mortality of septic patients. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the predictive value of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness and atrophy rate on in-hospital mortality of septic patients.Results:A total of 92 patients with severe sepsis were included, of which 41 patients died in hospital, 51 patients discharged. The in-hospital mortality was 44.6%. The muscle thickness of quadriceps femoris in severe septic patients decreased with the prolongation of ICU stay, and there was no significant difference between the two groups at the first and third day of ICU admission. The muscle thickness of quadriceps femoris at different measuring positions in the survival group was significantly greater than those in the death group 7 days after admission to the ICU [M-QMLT D7 (cm): 0.50±0.26 vs. 0.39±0.19, T-QMLT D7 (cm): 0.58±0.29 vs. 0.45±0.21, both P < 0.05]. The atrophy rate of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness at different measuring positions 3 and 7 days after admission to ICU in the survival group was significantly lower than those in the death group [(D3-D1)/D1: (8.33±3.44)% vs. (9.74±3.91)%, (D7-D1)/D1: (12.21±4.76)% vs. (19.80±6.15)%, (TD3-TD1)/TD1: (7.83±4.26)% vs. (10.51±4.75)%, (TD7-TD1)/TD1: (11.10±5.46)% vs. (20.22±6.05)%, all P < 0.05]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that M-QMLT D7, T-QMLT D7, (D3-D1)/D1, (D7-D1)/D1, (TD3-TD1)/TD1, (TD7-TD1)/TD1 were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality (all P < 0.05). The results were stable after adjusting for confounding factors. ROC curve analysis showed that (TD7-TD1)/TD1 [area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.853, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.773-0.934] was superior to (D7-D1)/D1, T-QMLT D7, M-QMLT D7, (TD3-TD1)/TD1 and (D3-D1)/D1 [AUC was 0.821 (0.725-0.917), 0.692 (0.582-0.802), 0.683 (0.573-0.794), 0.680 (0.569-0.791), 0.622 (0.502-0.742)]. Conclusions:For septic patients in ICU, bedside ultrasound monitoring of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness and atrophy rate has a certain predictive value for in-hospital mortality, and a certain guiding significance in clinical treatment and predicting the prognosis of sepsis.