Objective To investigate the dietary structure and nutritional metabolism indicators in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and to analyze the relationship with renal injury. Methods From January 2022 to February 2024, 296 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy were included in the hospital for investigation. According to the measurement results of 24h urinary protein quantification, these patients were divided into mild, moderate and severe renal injury groups. The diet, nutritional metabolism and renal injury indicators were compared, and the correlation was analyzed. Results The total energy intake, protein, fat and carbohydrate energy supply ratio were decreased with the aggravation of renal injury while the levels of hemoglobin (Hgb), total protein (TP), globulin (GLB), albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were enhanced (P<0.05), and the total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were manifested as severe injury group>moderate injury group>mild injury group (P<0.05). Total intake, carbohydrate energy supply ratio, Hgb, TP, GLB, ALB, TG and HDL-C were positively correlated with 24h urinary protein quantification, and the other indicators were negatively correlated with 24h urinary protein quantification (P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy generally have unreasonable dietary structure and poor nutritional metabolism, both of which are associated with the degree of renal injury. It is recommended to strengthen the diet management, optimize the energy supply ratio, monitor the biochemical indicators and adjust the treatment regimen.

ObjectiveTo establish a tumor prognostic risk assessment model related to target genes of the miR-34 family. MethodsTarget genes of the miR-34 family were screened， and the scores of miR-34 target genes were assessed in 16 tumor types. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the tumor type with the strongest correlation between miR-34 target gene scores and overall survival （OS）. Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analyses were performed to elucidate the functional roles and signaling pathways of miR-34 target genes. A prognostic risk model based on the miR-34 target genes was constructed using univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses. Quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR） and dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to validate whether the target genes bind to miR-34 and measure their RNA expression levels in the relevant tumors. Additionally， the risk score was integrated with other clinical indicators to develop a nomogram prediction model for patient survival. ResultsA total of 65 target genes of the miR-34 family were screened. The cancer type exhibiting stronger correlation between the target gene scores and OS was lung adenocarcinoma （P = 0.003， HR= 5.150）. Furthermore， miR-34 target genes were predominantly enriched in oxidative stress pathways and various tumor-related processes. Three genes， LDHA， GALNT7， and SATB2， were identified as core components of the prognostic analysis model for lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally， the constructed nomogram model demonstrated robust predictive performance. ConclusionThe risk model and prognosis model of lung adenocarcinoma constructed based on the key target genes of miR-34 have good predictive performance.

Abstract Modern western medicine typically focuses on treating specific symptoms or diseases, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) emphasizes the interconnections of the body’s various systems under external environment and takes a holistic approach to preventing and treating diseases. Phenomics was initially introduced to the field of TCM in 2008 as a new discipline that studies the laws of integrated and dynamic changes of human clinical phenomes under the scope of the theories and practices of TCM based on phenomics. While TCM Phenomics 1.0 has initially established a clinical phenomic system centered on Zhenghou (a TCM definition of clinical phenome), bottlenecks remain in data standardization, mechanistic interpretation, and precision intervention. Here, we systematically elaborates on the theoretical foundations, technical pathways, and future challenges of integrating digital medicine with TCM phenomics under the framework of “TCM phenomics 2.0”, which is supported by digital medicine technologies such as artificial intelligence, wearable devices, medical digital twins, and multi-omics integration. This framework aims to construct a closed-loop system of “Zhenghou–Phenome–Mechanism–Intervention” and to enable the digitization, standardization, and precision of disease diagnosis and treatment. The integration of digital medicine and TCM phenomics not only promotes the modernization and scientific transformation of TCM theory and practice but also offers new paradigms for precision medicine. In practice, digital tools facilitate multi-source clinical data acquisition and standardization, while AI and big data algorithms help reveal the correlations between clinical Zhenghou phenomes and molecular mechanisms, thereby improving scientific rigor in diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and personalized intervention. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including data quality and standardization issues, shortage of interdisciplinary talents, and insufficiency of ethical and legal regulations. Future development requires establishing national data-sharing platforms, strengthening international collaboration, fostering interdisciplinary professionals, and improving ethical and legal frameworks. Ultimately, this approach seeks to build a new disease identification and classification system centered on phenomes and to achieve the inheritance, innovation, and modernization of TCM diagnostic and therapeutic patterns.

OBJECTIVE To prepare polyethylene glycol （PEG）-modified flower lactose （FL） loaded Curcumin （Cur） solid lipid nanoparticle （SLN） inhalable micropowder （referred to as “PEG-Cur-FL”）. METHODS PEG-Cur-FL was prepared by the solvent emulsification diffusion low-temperature solidification method， and its encapsulation efficiency， drug loading capacity， powder properties， aerodynamic particle size， in vitro deposition properties， and in vitro release characteristics were characterized. The mice were divided into Cur-SLN-FL （unmodified with PEG） group and PEG-Cur-FL group， with 55 mice in each group. Both groups of mice were given a single inhalation of 5 mg/kg （calculated as Cur） of the corresponding drug micropowder through an air tube. At 0.25， 0.5， 1， 2， 4， 6， 8， 12， 24， 48 and 72 hours after administration， eyeballs were removed to collect blood and tracheal， lung， liver and kidney tissues were separated. The mass concentration of Cur in mouse plasma and various tissue samples was measured， and the tissue distribution and retention of the drug were analyzed. RESULTS The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of PEG-Cur-FL were （86.2±1.8）% and （4.2±0.2）%， respectively； the bulk density and tap density were （0.24±0.01） g/cm3 and （0.30±0.01） g/cm3， respectively； the aerodynamic particle size was （2.74±0.64） μm； the in vitro effective site deposition rate （secondary drug deposition rate） was （45.07±2.79）%. Compared with Cur raw materials， Cur-SLN- FL and PEG-Cur-FL had sustained release effects under both leakage and non-leakage conditions， and PEG-Cur-FL had a smoother sustained release in artificial lung fluid， with release characteristics consistent with the Weibull model. The results of in vivo distribution showed that the drug concentration in the lung tissue of PEG-Cur-FL group was significantly lower than that of Cur- SLN-FL group during the same period after 1 hour of administration， while the drug concentration in the lung tissue at 4 to 48 hours was significantly higher than that of Cur-SLN-FL group during the same period （P＜0.05）； the plasma drug concentrations of the PEG-Cur-FL group at all time points from 0.25 to 12 hours were significantly lower than those of the Cur-SLN-FL group during the same period （P＜0.05）， and the drug concentrations in liver and kidney tissues were also lower than those of the Cur-SLN-FL group during the same period （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS PEG-Cur-FL is prepared successfully； the inhalable micropowder has good inhalability and release performance； after administration through the trachea， the effective concentration of Cur in lung tissue can be increased， while reducing its plasma drug concentration and drug distribution concentration in non-target organs.

Objective:To understand the mental problem in elderly male prisoners and its related factors.Methods:A total of 289 elderly male prisoners from five prisons in Sichuan Province were selected.They were assessed with the self-compiled general situation questionnaire,12-item General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12,with a total score ≥ 3 indicating a tendency towards mental problem),short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale(ULS-8)and Insomnia Severity Index-Chinese Version(ISI-C).Results:The detection rate of mental problem was 41.52％.Multiple factor logistic regression analysis indicated that having a remaining sentence of≥5 years,educa-tional levels of primary school and below,high school or technical secondary school and above,involvement in drug-related crimes,property crimes,violent crimes,good and poor relationships with spouses,average relationships with fellow inmates,self-assessed blood pressure levels that were low and high,and having insomnia were risk fac-tors for mental problem(OR=9.55,11.75,13.88,82.24,33.96,363.52,5.77,113.27,2.33,1.87,3.80,42.89).Conclusion:The mental problem among elderly male prisoners are related to their sentence,education lev-el,crime type,relationship with spouse and cellmates,self-rated blood pressure and sleep status.

Objective:Bidirectional causal associations of 41 cytokines with atopic dermatitis(AD)were explored based on a Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.Methods:Pooled data from genome wide association study(GWAS)of 41 cytokines and AD were utilized for instrumental variable(IV)screening,and single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)affecting the results of MR analyses was excluded by the MR-PRESSO outlier test as well as by the MR Steiger filtering method.Two-sample bidirectional MR analyses were performed using inverse variance weighting(IVW),MR-Egger regression,and weighted median methods(WM).MR-Egger intercept term test and Cochran's Q test were performed to test the pleiotropy and heterogeneity of IV,and MR results were visu-alized by scatterplots,funnel plots,and leave-one-out plots.Results:Forward MR analysis showed that MIG(IVW:OR=0.89;95%CI:0.81～0.97;P=0.006)reduced the risk of AD development.In contrast,IL-5(IVW:OR=1.17;95%CI:1.01～1.36;P=0.042)and IL-18(MR Egger:OR=1.17;95%CI:1.03～1.33;P=0.030)increased the risk of AD development.Inverse MR analysis showed a potential causal association between AD and increased MIG(IVW:Beta=0.10;95%CI:0.02～0.17;P=0.014).None of the sensitivity analyses indicated pleiotropy and heterogeneity of the included IV.Conclusion:MIG may be an important marker in the progression of AD with a potential bidirectional causal association with risk of morbidity.IL-5 and IL-18 have a potential positive causal association for AD.

Objective To analyze the potential biological relationship between Alzheimer disease(AD)and chronic periodontitis(CP)by bioinformatics.Methods We analyzed two datasets of AD and CP from the Gene Expression Omnibus database,and differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified from these datasets.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)was used to identify the most relevant modules.Functional enrichment analysis of shared genes was performed,and a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed.MCODE was used to identify key modules,and machine learning was used to discover key genes.In addition,Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)and CIBERSORT were used to investigate KLRB1-related molecular pathways and immune cell distribu-tion.Results The study identified 18 genes common to both AD and CP.MCODE analysis revealed five pivotal genes,machine learning identified 13 genes for AD,eight for CP,and KLRB1 was determined as a common gene for AD and CP.GSEA demonstrated the intricate involvement of these genes in disease-related pathways.Immunocellular analysis underscored a significant association between KLRB1 and γδT cells.Conclusion This research highlighted KLRB1 as a key gene for AD and CP,providing new insights into their molecular linkages.

Objective:To understand the mental problem in elderly male prisoners and its related factors.Methods:A total of 289 elderly male prisoners from five prisons in Sichuan Province were selected.They were assessed with the self-compiled general situation questionnaire,12-item General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12,with a total score ≥ 3 indicating a tendency towards mental problem),short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale(ULS-8)and Insomnia Severity Index-Chinese Version(ISI-C).Results:The detection rate of mental problem was 41.52％.Multiple factor logistic regression analysis indicated that having a remaining sentence of≥5 years,educa-tional levels of primary school and below,high school or technical secondary school and above,involvement in drug-related crimes,property crimes,violent crimes,good and poor relationships with spouses,average relationships with fellow inmates,self-assessed blood pressure levels that were low and high,and having insomnia were risk fac-tors for mental problem(OR=9.55,11.75,13.88,82.24,33.96,363.52,5.77,113.27,2.33,1.87,3.80,42.89).Conclusion:The mental problem among elderly male prisoners are related to their sentence,education lev-el,crime type,relationship with spouse and cellmates,self-rated blood pressure and sleep status.

Objective:To explore the latent categories of hospice care attitudes among nurses in a geriatric hospital and to analyze the characteristic differences among these categories.Methods:A total of 434 in-service nurses from Beijing Geriatric Hospital were selected by convenience sampling from April to May 2024. Data were collected using the general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale Form B, the Self-Efficacy in Coping with Death Scale, and the General Well Being Schedule. Latent profile analysis was used to identify potential categories of hospice care attitudes, and Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine influencing factors.Results:A total of 434 questionnaires were distributed, and 431 valid responses were received, with a valid response rate of 99.31% (431/434). The hospice care attitudes of the 431 nurses were categorized into two latent profiles: "negative attitude-low communication willingness type" (55.45%, 239/431) and "positive attitude-high caring type" (44.55%, 192/431). Logistic regression analysis showed that participating in palliative care continuing education within the past year, having discussed death with patients, perceiving difficulties in caring for dying patients, self-efficacy in coping with death, and subjective well-being were statistically significant influencing factors of the latent categories of hospice care attitudes ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Hospice care attitudes among nurses in geriatric hospitals can be classified into two latent categories: "negative attitude-low communication willingness type" and "positive attitude-high caring type". These are influenced by many factors. Nursing administrators should develop targeted interventions to support nurses in coping with stressors effectively and improving the quality of life of terminally ill patients.

Charcoal-processed traditional Chinese herbal medicine has various therapeutic effects， including astringing， hemostasis， anti-diarrhea， clearing heat， tonifying， and warming the interior. This paper summarizes the clinical application features， compatible experiences， dosages， and precautions for over 20 types of charcoal-processed herbal medicine in the treatment of gynecological bleeding disorders caused by dysfunctions such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding， endometriosis， uterine incision pseudocavity， and vaginal bleeding resulting from threatened miscarriage. The charcoal-processed herbal medicine include Huangqin （Scutellaria Baicalensis） Charcoal， Dahuang （Rheum Palmatum） Charcoal， Cebai （Platycladus Orientalis） Charcoal， Diyu （Sanguisorba Officinalis） Charcoal， Daji （Cirsium Setosum） Charcoal， Xiaoji （Cirsium Japonicum） Charcoal， Shengdi （Rehmannia Glutinosa） Charcoal， Aiye （Artemisia Argyi） Charcoal， Paojiang （Zingiber Officinale） Charcoal， Xuduan （Dipsacus Asper） Charcoal， Duzhong （Eucommia Ulmoides） Charcoal， Qiancao （Rubia Cordifolia） Charcoal， Puhuang （Typha Angustifolia） Charcoal， Shanzha （Crataegus Pinnatifida） Charcoal， Jingjie （Schizonepeta Tenuifolia） Charcoal， Xueyu （Carthamus Tinctorius） Charcoal， Zonglyu （Areca Catechu） Charcoal， Wumei （Prunus Mume） Charcoal， Shudahuang （Rheum Officinale） Charcoal， Lianfang （Nymphaea Alba） Charcoal， Mianmaguanzhong （Clematis Armandii） Charcoal， and Oujie （Nelumbo Nucifera） Charcoal.