Objective:To detect the biological markers related to Alzheimer's disease(AD)in the peripheral blood of AD patients,and to explore the activities and levels of the antioxidant function indexes and the expressions of related genes and proteins in the blood of AD patients and the changes after intervention of selenium-rich food.Methods:The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)combined with electroencephalogram or brain CT and clinician diagnosis were used for screening AD.Fifty-six elderly patients with AD aged 75-90 years old were selected.Among them,28 cases were selected as normal diet group for AD(AD group),and 28 cases were selected as dietary selenium intervention group(Se-AD group).The patients in Se-AD group were given daily dietary selenium supplementation(increaseing dietary selenium by 15-20 μg per day)for 3 months.Meanwhile,30 people with the same age were selected as healthy control group.The activities of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD),cholinesterase(CHE),and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and the levels of serum malondialdehyde(MDA),homocysteine(Hcy),and nitric oxide(NO)as well as reagent kit the levels of serum β-amyloid protein(Aβ),and microtubule-associated protein(Tau)and phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein(p-Tau)of the subjects in various groups were detected by and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method;the expression levels of apolipoprotein E4(ApoE4),presenilin 1(PS1),presenilin 2(PS2),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(Caspase3),sorting associated protein receptor 1(SORL1),β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1),hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF1),nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB),β-amyloid precursor protein(APP),protein kinase C(PKC),and Aβ mRNA in peripheral blood of the subjects various groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method.Results:Compared with healthy control group,the serum SOD activities of the patients in Se-AD group and AD group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),while serum CHE activity and the levels of MDA and Hcy were significantly increased(P＜0.05);the serum GSH-Px activity of the patients in AD group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the level of NO was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with Se-AD group,serum CHE activity and the level of Hcy of the patients in AD group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The expression levels of ApoE4,PS1,Caspase3,BACE1,NF-κB and APP mRNA of the patients in Se-AD group and AD group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of PKC mRNA were significantly decreased(P＜0.05);the expression level of PS2 mRNA of the patients in AD group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of Aβ mRNA of the patients in Se-AD group and AD group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The activities of serum SOD,GSH-Px and CHE and the levels of MDA,Hcy and NO,the levels of Aβ,Tau and p-Tau proteins,and the expression levels of ApoE4,PS1,Caspase3,BACE1,NF-κB,PKC,PS2,Aβ and APP mRNA in peripheral blood of the AD patients may vary and can be used for clinical diagnosis of the AD patients.Selenium-rich food can improve AD to some extent,and its mechanism is related to reducing the oxidative damage of brain tissue and decreasing the expression of AD related genes PS2 and Aβ.

Objective To understand the impact of bed-making manipulation on the air surrounding bed units in hemodialysis room,evaluate the effectiveness of routine terminal disinfection,and provide scientific basis for optimi-zing infection control measures.Methods Air specimens(pre-bed-making group)and environmental object surface specimens(pre-terminal disinfection group)around bed units were collected when hemodialysis was about to be fi-nished.Air specimens after bed-making(bed-making group)and environmental object surface specimens after ter-minal disinfection(terminal disinfection group)were also collected.Bacterial colonies were counted and identified.Results A total of 714 air specimens were collected from 238 bed units of 45 hemodialysis units before and during bed-making.The average bacterial colony count during bed-making was higher than that before bed-making([2.72±3.43]CFU/plate vs[0.69±1.50]CFU/plate,P＜0.05).The qualified rate of microbial colony count before bed-making was higher than that during bed-making(96.64％vs 64.71％,P＜0.05).A total of 450 environmental ob-ject surface specimens from 90 bed units of 45 hemodialysis units were collected before and after terminal disinfec-tion.The average bacterial colony count before terminal disinfection was higher than that after terminal disinfection([8.18±20.6]CFU/cm2 vs[1.49±3.44]CFU/cm2.P＜0.05).The qualified rate of microbial colony count after terminal disinfection was higher than that before terminal disinfection(98.22％vs 92.44％,P＜0.05).The micro-organisms in the air and environment were mainly coagulase negative Staphylococcus.Conclusion Bed-making has a certain impact on the air microorganisms around the bed units,and terminal disinfection can reduce the bacterial co-lony count of the environment.It is necessary to pay attention to the cleaning and disinfection of the environment for medical treatment,and carry out bed-making manipulation under clear condition to minimize the risk of infection.

Objective To analyze the temporal changing trend of postoperative pneumonia(POP)monitoring data in a tertiary first-class cancer hospital in Fujian Province from 2018 to 2023,and provide reference for the effective-ness of implementation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)prevention and control measures.Methods The temporal changing trend of POP monitoring data of cancer patients in this hospital from 2018 to 2023 was analyzed by Joinpoint regression model,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)was calculated.Results From 2018 to 2023,the POP incidences of all cancer patients and patients with different tumors in this hospital were as follows:3.46％in all cancer patients,4.77％,18.16％,11.50％,4.66％,0.85％,3.74％,and 0.46％in pa-tients with lung cancer,esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,intestinal cancer,gynecological tumors,hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumor,as well as head and neck tumors,respectively.From 2018 to 2023,the POP incidence of all can-cer patients in the hospital decreased from 5.47％to 1.73％,and POP incidences of patients with lung cancer,gas-tric cancer,and intestinal cancer decreased from 12.23％,14.93％,and 4.40％to 2.60％,3.73％,and 2.09％,respectively.Joinpoint regression model analysis showed that from 2018 to 2023,the AAPC of POP incidence of all cancer patients in the hospital was-19.78％,and the AAPCs of patients with lung cancer,gastric cancer,and in-testinal cancer were-23.69％,-27.30％,and-19.40％,respectively.The incidences of POP in all cancer pa-tients,as well as patients with lung cancer,gastric cancer,and intestinal cancer all showed downward trends,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).According to age,the AAPCs of the ≤60 and＞60 year old groups were-22.02％and-20.48％,respectively,both groups showed statistically significant difference in trends(both P＜0.05).In terms of gender,the AAPCs of the male and female groups were-16.56％and-28.35％,respectively,both groups showed statistically significant difference in trends(both P＜0.05).From 2018 to 2023,Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a significant upward trend in the constituent of POP pathogens in cancer patients,with an AAPC of 6.92％,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidences of POP in some cancer patients in the hospital present significant downward trends,indicating that HAI infection prevention and control measures are effective,but it is still necessary to strengthen the meticulous management of the whole perioperative process.

Objective To understand the impact of bed-making manipulation on the air surrounding bed units in hemodialysis room,evaluate the effectiveness of routine terminal disinfection,and provide scientific basis for optimi-zing infection control measures.Methods Air specimens(pre-bed-making group)and environmental object surface specimens(pre-terminal disinfection group)around bed units were collected when hemodialysis was about to be fi-nished.Air specimens after bed-making(bed-making group)and environmental object surface specimens after ter-minal disinfection(terminal disinfection group)were also collected.Bacterial colonies were counted and identified.Results A total of 714 air specimens were collected from 238 bed units of 45 hemodialysis units before and during bed-making.The average bacterial colony count during bed-making was higher than that before bed-making([2.72±3.43]CFU/plate vs[0.69±1.50]CFU/plate,P＜0.05).The qualified rate of microbial colony count before bed-making was higher than that during bed-making(96.64％vs 64.71％,P＜0.05).A total of 450 environmental ob-ject surface specimens from 90 bed units of 45 hemodialysis units were collected before and after terminal disinfec-tion.The average bacterial colony count before terminal disinfection was higher than that after terminal disinfection([8.18±20.6]CFU/cm2 vs[1.49±3.44]CFU/cm2.P＜0.05).The qualified rate of microbial colony count after terminal disinfection was higher than that before terminal disinfection(98.22％vs 92.44％,P＜0.05).The micro-organisms in the air and environment were mainly coagulase negative Staphylococcus.Conclusion Bed-making has a certain impact on the air microorganisms around the bed units,and terminal disinfection can reduce the bacterial co-lony count of the environment.It is necessary to pay attention to the cleaning and disinfection of the environment for medical treatment,and carry out bed-making manipulation under clear condition to minimize the risk of infection.

Objective To analyze the temporal changing trend of postoperative pneumonia(POP)monitoring data in a tertiary first-class cancer hospital in Fujian Province from 2018 to 2023,and provide reference for the effective-ness of implementation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)prevention and control measures.Methods The temporal changing trend of POP monitoring data of cancer patients in this hospital from 2018 to 2023 was analyzed by Joinpoint regression model,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)was calculated.Results From 2018 to 2023,the POP incidences of all cancer patients and patients with different tumors in this hospital were as follows:3.46％in all cancer patients,4.77％,18.16％,11.50％,4.66％,0.85％,3.74％,and 0.46％in pa-tients with lung cancer,esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,intestinal cancer,gynecological tumors,hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumor,as well as head and neck tumors,respectively.From 2018 to 2023,the POP incidence of all can-cer patients in the hospital decreased from 5.47％to 1.73％,and POP incidences of patients with lung cancer,gas-tric cancer,and intestinal cancer decreased from 12.23％,14.93％,and 4.40％to 2.60％,3.73％,and 2.09％,respectively.Joinpoint regression model analysis showed that from 2018 to 2023,the AAPC of POP incidence of all cancer patients in the hospital was-19.78％,and the AAPCs of patients with lung cancer,gastric cancer,and in-testinal cancer were-23.69％,-27.30％,and-19.40％,respectively.The incidences of POP in all cancer pa-tients,as well as patients with lung cancer,gastric cancer,and intestinal cancer all showed downward trends,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).According to age,the AAPCs of the ≤60 and＞60 year old groups were-22.02％and-20.48％,respectively,both groups showed statistically significant difference in trends(both P＜0.05).In terms of gender,the AAPCs of the male and female groups were-16.56％and-28.35％,respectively,both groups showed statistically significant difference in trends(both P＜0.05).From 2018 to 2023,Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a significant upward trend in the constituent of POP pathogens in cancer patients,with an AAPC of 6.92％,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidences of POP in some cancer patients in the hospital present significant downward trends,indicating that HAI infection prevention and control measures are effective,but it is still necessary to strengthen the meticulous management of the whole perioperative process.

Objective:To explore the current situation of clinical nurses' disaster nursing ability and its influencing factors, and to provide basis for carrying out clinical nurses' disaster nursing education and training.Methods:By convenient sampling method, 322 clinical nurses from Peking University Shenzhen Hospital in September 2020 were selected. The disaster nursing ability assessment tool and general information questionnaire were used to conduct a questionnaire survey to analyze the current situation of clinical nurses' disaster nursing ability and its main influencing factors.Results:The total score of disaster nursing ability of clinical nurses was (199.07±34.31) points, which was at the middle and lower level; the scores of each dimension from high to low were as follows: disaster preparedness score was (72.94±12.89) points, coping ability score was (80.00±13.82) points, disaster reduction/prevention capability score was (28.19±6.09) points, recovery/reconstruction ability score was (17.94±3.27) points. Regression analysis showed that the highest degree, clinical department, whether they have autonomously studied disaster nursing related courses after work, and whether they have participated in disaster rescue after work were the main influencing factors of clinical nurses' disaster nursing ability ( t values were -4.715-5.508, P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall level of disaster nursing ability of clinical nurses is at the middle and lower level. It should be combined with clinical nurses' work department, whether clinical nurses have disaster rescue experience and whether they have independently studied disaster nursing related courses, and targeted disaster nursing related training should be carried out to improve their disaster nursing knowledge and skill.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the current situation and influencing factors of professional decision-making self-efficacy of male nurses.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 133 male nurses from September to October 2020 in Shenzhen City as the research objects. The Self-efficacy Scale for Career Decision-making was used to conduct self-evaluation, career information collection, career goal selection, career planning formulation, and job-selection problem resolution.Results:Attitudes towards nursing majors, academic qualifications, reasons for applying for nursing majors, monthly family income, whether it is an only child, family residence, work status, number of job changes, mother′s education level, and married or not were the factors that affect male nurses′ professional self-efficacy ( t values were -1.989-12.523, F values were 7.476-325.316, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion:Career decision-making self-efficacy has a good guiding role in the career selection, development and planning of male nurses. Medical units should formulate reasonable training methods or related training for new male nurses entering the clinic, so as to increase male nurses′ recognition of their occupations, thereby enhancing them Career decision-making self-efficacy.