Objective: To translate the Menopause Perception Scale (MPS) into Chinese, and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the MPS. Methods: The MPS was translated back-translated, culturally adapted and pre-tested according to the Brislin translation model to develop the Chinese version of MPS. The menopausal women from five communities were selected using simple random sampling to assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of MPS. Content validity was evaluated based on expert ratings, criterion-related validity was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) as the criterion. Structural validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's α, and split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were calculated. Results: Totally 430 questionnaires were allocated, and 414 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.28%. The Chinese version of the MPS consisted of 18 items across four dimensions: acceptance, sexual perception, normalization, and support perception. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the scale-level content validity index average was 0.924. The correlation coefficients between the scores of each dimension and the total scores of the Chinese version of the MPS and the Chinese version of the MRS ranged from 0.529 to 0.790 (all P<0.05). Exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.502%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit, with a root mean square error of approximation of 0.052, root mean square residual of 0.053, comparative fit index of 0.958, Tucker-Lewis index of 0.950, goodness of fit index of 0.908, incremental fit index of 0.958, and relative fit index of 0.884. The Cronbach's α of the Chinese version of the MPS was 0.916, the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.845, and the test-retest reliability was 0.906. Conclusion The Chinese version of the MPS demonstrates good reliability and validity, and can be used to assess the perceptions and attitudes of menopausal women in China toward menopause.

Compared with traditional obesity evaluation indexes,the weight-adjusted waist index(WWI)is a combination of waist circumference(WC)and the square root of body mass.WWI can accurately reflect the relationship between abdominal fat accumulation and body mass changes in the obese patients,and it can predict the risk of obesity-related diseases,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),hyperuricemia,heart failure,abdominal aortic calcification(AAC),erectile dysfunction(ED)in the males,osteoarthritis(OA),asthma,dementia and stroke,and may be an independent determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)and an independent risk factor for stroke in Chinese adult hypertensive patients.The correlations between WWI and the risk assessment and prediction of obesity-related diseases,such as endocrine metabolic diseases,cardiovascular diseases(CVD),reproductive diseases,neurological diseases,asthma,osteoarthritis,and non-alcoholic liver fibrosis(NAFLD),were now analysed in cornbination of the recent domestic and international related studies,with the aim of providing references for the further study of the assessment and prediction of obesity-related diseases.

Integrative management for pancreatic cancer has stepped into the neoadjuvant era, which brings new issues and challenges for pathological evaluation of surgical specimens. Given the absence of standardized guidelines for the pathological examination and reporting of resected specimens of pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant therapy, there are variations in pathology sampling, tumor regression grade assessment, and margin assessment between institutions, which substantially impairs the comparability of results between studies. This review provides evidence-based opinions and references for clinical diagnosis and management through sorting out the controversies and difficulties in the assessment of the above pathological parameters after neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Objective:Bidirectional causal associations of 41 cytokines with atopic dermatitis(AD)were explored based on a Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.Methods:Pooled data from genome wide association study(GWAS)of 41 cytokines and AD were utilized for instrumental variable(IV)screening,and single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)affecting the results of MR analyses was excluded by the MR-PRESSO outlier test as well as by the MR Steiger filtering method.Two-sample bidirectional MR analyses were performed using inverse variance weighting(IVW),MR-Egger regression,and weighted median methods(WM).MR-Egger intercept term test and Cochran's Q test were performed to test the pleiotropy and heterogeneity of IV,and MR results were visu-alized by scatterplots,funnel plots,and leave-one-out plots.Results:Forward MR analysis showed that MIG(IVW:OR=0.89;95%CI:0.81～0.97;P=0.006)reduced the risk of AD development.In contrast,IL-5(IVW:OR=1.17;95%CI:1.01～1.36;P=0.042)and IL-18(MR Egger:OR=1.17;95%CI:1.03～1.33;P=0.030)increased the risk of AD development.Inverse MR analysis showed a potential causal association between AD and increased MIG(IVW:Beta=0.10;95%CI:0.02～0.17;P=0.014).None of the sensitivity analyses indicated pleiotropy and heterogeneity of the included IV.Conclusion:MIG may be an important marker in the progression of AD with a potential bidirectional causal association with risk of morbidity.IL-5 and IL-18 have a potential positive causal association for AD.

Objective:Bidirectional causal associations of 41 cytokines with atopic dermatitis(AD)were explored based on a Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.Methods:Pooled data from genome wide association study(GWAS)of 41 cytokines and AD were utilized for instrumental variable(IV)screening,and single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)affecting the results of MR analyses was excluded by the MR-PRESSO outlier test as well as by the MR Steiger filtering method.Two-sample bidirectional MR analyses were performed using inverse variance weighting(IVW),MR-Egger regression,and weighted median methods(WM).MR-Egger intercept term test and Cochran's Q test were performed to test the pleiotropy and heterogeneity of IV,and MR results were visu-alized by scatterplots,funnel plots,and leave-one-out plots.Results:Forward MR analysis showed that MIG(IVW:OR=0.89;95%CI:0.81～0.97;P=0.006)reduced the risk of AD development.In contrast,IL-5(IVW:OR=1.17;95%CI:1.01～1.36;P=0.042)and IL-18(MR Egger:OR=1.17;95%CI:1.03～1.33;P=0.030)increased the risk of AD development.Inverse MR analysis showed a potential causal association between AD and increased MIG(IVW:Beta=0.10;95%CI:0.02～0.17;P=0.014).None of the sensitivity analyses indicated pleiotropy and heterogeneity of the included IV.Conclusion:MIG may be an important marker in the progression of AD with a potential bidirectional causal association with risk of morbidity.IL-5 and IL-18 have a potential positive causal association for AD.

Integrative management for pancreatic cancer has stepped into the neoadjuvant era, which brings new issues and challenges for pathological evaluation of surgical specimens. Given the absence of standardized guidelines for the pathological examination and reporting of resected specimens of pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant therapy, there are variations in pathology sampling, tumor regression grade assessment, and margin assessment between institutions, which substantially impairs the comparability of results between studies. This review provides evidence-based opinions and references for clinical diagnosis and management through sorting out the controversies and difficulties in the assessment of the above pathological parameters after neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and outcomes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in neonates without structural heart disease.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on PSVT neonates without structural heart disease who were treated and followed up at the Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, from January 2019 to June 2022. Clinical data, including the prenatal history of PSVT, the time at first onset of PSVT after birth, anti-arrhythmic treatment, and follow-up outcomes, were collected and analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups based on the presence and absence of fetal PSVT history. Differences in the clinical data between the two groups were compared, including the time at first onset of PSVT, the proportion of patients with persistent tachycardia at initial diagnosis, and hospitalization frequency. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Pearson's Chi-square test. Results:A total of 72 neonates with PSVT were included, with an average gestational age at delivery of (38.8±1.8) weeks and an average birth weight of (3 260±330) g. There were 26 (36.1%) cases with a prenatal history of PSVT, while 46 (63.9%) cases without. The median time at the first onset of PSVT after birth was 2.1 (0.3-13.7) d. Anti-arrhythmic drugs used for the patients included propafenone (44 cases, 61.1%), amiodarone (28 cases, 38.9%), and cedilanid (14 cases, 19.4%). There were 44 cases (61.1%) received single drug therapy, 26 (36.1%) receiving dual therapy, and only two (2.8%) receiving triple therapy. Prophylactic drugs were administered to 38 patients (52.8%) for six months, and 20 (27.8%) for 12 months. Fourteen cases (19.4%) still exhibited tachycardia during follow-up and continued their drug therapy. No major illnesses or deaths occurred in the 72 patients during a 12-month follow-up. Compared with the patients without a history of fetal PSVT, those with a history of fetal PSVT had an earlier onset of PSVT after birth [0.2 d (0.0-0.7 d) vs. 12.0 d (2.2-15.0 d), Z=－4.83, P<0.001], a high rate of persistent tachycardia at first diagnosis [76.9% (20/26) vs. 39.1% (18/46), χ2=4.76, P=0.029], more hospitalizations [4.0 times(3.0-7.0 times) vs. 1.0 times (1.0-1.0 times), Z=－3.52, P<0.001], and longer duration of preventive anti-arrhythmic treatment [12.0 months (10.5-21.0 months) vs. 6.0 months (3.0-6.0 months), Z=－4.17, P<0.001]. Conclusion:Attention should be given to PSVT screening in neonates without structural heart disease, particularly for those with a history of fetal PSVT, who tend to have an early onset of PSVT after birth, persistent tachycardia at first diagnosis with high rates of recurrence and require longer preventive anti-arrhythmic treatment.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of low frequency or high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on right Broca's homologue in stroke patients with nonfluent aphasia. MethodsFrom January, 2019 to August, 2022, 80 inpatients in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 20), sham stimulation group (n = 20), low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS (LF-rTMS) group (n = 20) and high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS (HF-rTMS) group (n = 20). All the patients received routine language therapy. LF-rTMS group and HF-rTMS group received ten days of rTMS (1 Hz or 10 Hz), and the sham group received ten days of sham rTMS. The Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) was used to evaluate the language function before, after treatment, and two months after treatment. ResultsBefore treatment, there was no significant difference in the scores of WAB among four groups (P > 0.05). All the scores improved in the four groups immediately after treatment and two months after treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with immediately after treatment, all the scores of WAB improved in LF-rTMS group (P < 0.05), and the scores of recall, name and aphasia quotient (AQ) improved in HF-rTMS group (P < 0.05) two months after treatment. Immediately after treatment, the scores of content and fluency, auditory comprehension and AQ were higher in LF-rTMS group than in HF-rTMS group (P < 0.05). Two months after treatment, the scores of content and fluency were higher in LF-rTMS group than in HF-rTMS group (P < 0.05). ConclusionBoth 1 Hz and 10 Hz rTMS could improve the language function of stroke patients with nonfluent aphasia, especially 1 Hz.

Norovirus are now recognized as one of the main pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries. However, norovirus are easily mutated and recombined, and have many genotypes. In early studies, norovirus were amplified and identified by amino acid sequence of VP1 region. It was found that norovirus were easily mutated and recombined in or near the overlapping regions of polymerase and capsid. A two regions genotyping method was positively proposed internationally. Depending on the 2 times standard deviation standard method for two regions identification, norovirus polymerase regions can be divided into 10 gene groups and 76 genotypes including 2 tentative gene groups and 16 tentative genotypes. The VP1 region can be divided into 12 gene groups and 53 genotypes including 2 tentative gene groups and 5 tentative genotypes. However, the tentative gene groups and genotypes need to be further identified and reclassified. In this article, characteristics of norovirus sequences, principles of different genotyping methods, methods of sequence amplification, on-line genotyping tools and the latest studies in norovirus genotypes are reviewed and introduced.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects between acupoint embedding and oral medication for female functional constipation.

METHODSFifty-six female patients were randomized into an embedding group and a medication group (1:1).There were 22 cases in the embedding group and 26 cases in the medication group with total 8 patients dropped out. The main embedding acupoints were Zhongwan (CV 12), bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Guanyuan (CV 4), combined with Xiawan (CV 10), Huaroumen (ST 24), Wailing (ST 26), Zhigou (TE 6) and Shangjuxu (ST 37). It was given once a week. Oral lactulose was applied in the medication group, 3 times a day. The treatment cycle was 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients whose weekly average number of complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) was increased ≥ 2 compared with baseline during the last 6 weeks in the treatment period. The secondary efficacy indices were compared before and after treatment as well as at follow-up at the 12th week, including the weekly average number and increased number of CSBM, the quality of life of patients with constipation (PAC-QOL), the Bristol stool character score, and the assessment of difficulty in defecation.

RESULTSThe percentage of patients whose weekly average number of CSBMs were increased ≥ 2 in the embedding group significantly increased compared with that in the medication group (<0.05). The weekly average number of CSBM in the two groups increased after treatment compared with those before treatment (both<0.01); the score of Bristol stool character improved (both<0.01); the scores of PAC-QOL and difficulty in defecation decreased (all<0.01). The increasing time of weekly average CSBM in the embedding group was higher than that in the medication group (<0.01); the score of PAC-QOL in the embedding group after treatment was better than that in the medication group (<0.01); the Bristol stool character and difficulty degree in the embedding group after treatment were superior to those in the medication group (both<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe acupoint embedding significantly improve the CSMB, Bristol stool character, the difficulty of defecation, and the quality of life for female patients with functional constipation.