Objective:To investigate disease characteristics of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) based on the PsA cohort in West China Hospital, so as to provide a reference for clinicians in its diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation strategy formulation.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out, and a descriptive analysis was conducted on clinical data from PsA patients who were treated at the Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University between April 2, 2020, and January 21, 2025. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging findings, and treatment modalities were analyzed.Results:A total of 530 PsA patients were included, of whom 332 (62.6%) were males and 198 (37.4%) were females, with ages of 44.1 ± 12.4 years. Skin lesions preceded joint symptoms in 452 patients (85.3%), with time intervals ( M [ Q1, Q3]) of 8.0 (3.0, 15.0) years. Overweight or obesity was observed in 319 patients (60.2%), and 188 (35.5%) had comorbid fatty liver. Peripheral joint involvement was common (485 cases, 91.5%), with the proximal interphalangeal joints being most frequently affected by tenderness (172 cases, 35.5%) and swelling (119 cases, 24.5%) ; the number of enthesitis cases identified by ultrasonography (116 cases, 23.9%) was significantly higher than that by clinical examination (82 cases, 15.5%) ; axial joint involvement was observed in 258 patients (48.7%), with the sacroiliac joints most commonly affected (201 cases, 77.9%). Regarding treatment, conventional systemic drugs were predominant in the treatment of psoriasis prior to the diagnosis of PsA; after the diagnosis of PsA, the number of patients receiving targeted therapies increased to 334 (63.0%), with interleukin-17 inhibitors being the most common (140 cases, 26.4%), followed by tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (106 cases, 20.0%) and Janus kinase inhibitors (39 cases, 7.4%) . Conclusions:PsA predominantly affects males over 40 years old and is characterized by preceding skin lesions, delayed diagnosis, and multiple comorbidities. High-frequency ultrasound has advantages in the early detection of peripheral enthesitis. Further attention is needed for managing comorbidities such as fatty liver and obesity-related metabolic conditions.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of 13 common respiratory pathogens in children in Zibo area from 2020 to 2022.Methods A total of 3091 hospitalized children with respiratory infections admitted to Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the subjects.Throat swabs or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected from the patients,and 13 common respiratory pathogens were tested to analyze the distribution differences among different genders,ages,and seasons.Results Among 3091 pediatric patients,1794 were found to be infected with pathogens.The top three pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae,rhinovirus,and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).The single infection rate was 47.75％,while the mixed infection rate was 10.28％,with the most common scenario being a mixed infection of two pathogens.There were statistically significant differences in the pathogen profiles across different age groups(P＜0.001):infants had the highest detection rate of RSV,young children were primarily infected with rhinovirus,preschool and school-age children were predominantly infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Seasonal distribution showed that the highest positive rate was in autumn,while the lowest was in spring(P＜0.05).In spring,the main pathogens were rhinovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae;in summer,they were rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus;in autumn,they were Mycoplasma pneumoniae and RSV;and in winter,the detection rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza B virus were higher.Conclusion From 2020 to 2022,Mycoplasma pneumoniae,rhinovirus and RSV were the main pathogens of children's respiratory tract infection in Zibo area,and there were significant differences in the distribution of pathogens among different ages and seasons.

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria in bile and blood cultures obtained from patients with biliary stones accompanied by acute biliary tract infection,to evaluate the clinical appropriate-ness of antibiotic use based on drug sensitivity results,and to provide evidence for empirical antibiotic treatment in such patients.Methods The clinical data of 161 patients with biliary calculi complicated by acute biliary tract infection who were admitted to the First People's Hospital of Neijiang from 2017 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The results of microbial culture,drug sensitivity analysis,and patient characteristics were assessed to evaluate the appropriateness of clinical antimicrobial therapy.Results Among the 161 patients with positive cultures,212 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected.The predominant patho-gens were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies,and Enterococcus faecium.Age and underlying diseases significantly affected the distribution of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies.Within the gram-negative bacterial group,Esche-richia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies exhibited higher drug resistance to commonly used broad-spectrum penicillin,third-generation cephalosporin and quinolones but lower resistance rates to piperacillin and tazobactam;furthermore,elderly indi-viduals aged ≥65 years showed higher resistance rates to ceftriaxone than those under age 65 while people with drug exposure history had higher ceftazidime resistance rates that were statistically significant.In contrast to Enterococcus faecalis which displayed low antimicrobial resistance rates for most drugs tested in this study,Enterococcus faecium demonstrated high levels of antibiotic resistance;however,both Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium exhibited zero-resistance rates against vancomycin and tigecycline although this may be attributed to their small sample size in our study cohort.Finally,we found that empirical anti-in-fective drugs,as well as target anti-infective drugs,were not prescribed rationally among these patients due mainly to inappropriate combinations of antibiotics or incorrect dosages.Conclusions The predominant pathogens in patients with acute biliary tract infection are gram-negative bacteria,Gram-positive bacteria,and fungi;however,the potential involvement of anaerobic bacteria should not be overlooked.Vancomycin exhibits sensitivity against gram-positive bacteria,yet the overall rationality of antibiotic usage remains suboptimal.Enhanced clinical testing for pathogenic microorganisms is imperative in the management of biliary stones accompanied by acute biliary tract infection.In contrast,clinical pharmacists should provide comprehensive training on anti-infective drugs to clinicians to facilitate their judicious selection of antibiotics based on drug sensitivity results and prevent the e-mergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of 13 common respiratory pathogens in children in Zibo area from 2020 to 2022.Methods A total of 3091 hospitalized children with respiratory infections admitted to Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the subjects.Throat swabs or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected from the patients,and 13 common respiratory pathogens were tested to analyze the distribution differences among different genders,ages,and seasons.Results Among 3091 pediatric patients,1794 were found to be infected with pathogens.The top three pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae,rhinovirus,and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).The single infection rate was 47.75％,while the mixed infection rate was 10.28％,with the most common scenario being a mixed infection of two pathogens.There were statistically significant differences in the pathogen profiles across different age groups(P＜0.001):infants had the highest detection rate of RSV,young children were primarily infected with rhinovirus,preschool and school-age children were predominantly infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Seasonal distribution showed that the highest positive rate was in autumn,while the lowest was in spring(P＜0.05).In spring,the main pathogens were rhinovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae;in summer,they were rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus;in autumn,they were Mycoplasma pneumoniae and RSV;and in winter,the detection rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza B virus were higher.Conclusion From 2020 to 2022,Mycoplasma pneumoniae,rhinovirus and RSV were the main pathogens of children's respiratory tract infection in Zibo area,and there were significant differences in the distribution of pathogens among different ages and seasons.

Objective:To investigate disease characteristics of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) based on the PsA cohort in West China Hospital, so as to provide a reference for clinicians in its diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation strategy formulation.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out, and a descriptive analysis was conducted on clinical data from PsA patients who were treated at the Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University between April 2, 2020, and January 21, 2025. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging findings, and treatment modalities were analyzed.Results:A total of 530 PsA patients were included, of whom 332 (62.6%) were males and 198 (37.4%) were females, with ages of 44.1 ± 12.4 years. Skin lesions preceded joint symptoms in 452 patients (85.3%), with time intervals ( M [ Q1, Q3]) of 8.0 (3.0, 15.0) years. Overweight or obesity was observed in 319 patients (60.2%), and 188 (35.5%) had comorbid fatty liver. Peripheral joint involvement was common (485 cases, 91.5%), with the proximal interphalangeal joints being most frequently affected by tenderness (172 cases, 35.5%) and swelling (119 cases, 24.5%) ; the number of enthesitis cases identified by ultrasonography (116 cases, 23.9%) was significantly higher than that by clinical examination (82 cases, 15.5%) ; axial joint involvement was observed in 258 patients (48.7%), with the sacroiliac joints most commonly affected (201 cases, 77.9%). Regarding treatment, conventional systemic drugs were predominant in the treatment of psoriasis prior to the diagnosis of PsA; after the diagnosis of PsA, the number of patients receiving targeted therapies increased to 334 (63.0%), with interleukin-17 inhibitors being the most common (140 cases, 26.4%), followed by tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (106 cases, 20.0%) and Janus kinase inhibitors (39 cases, 7.4%) . Conclusions:PsA predominantly affects males over 40 years old and is characterized by preceding skin lesions, delayed diagnosis, and multiple comorbidities. High-frequency ultrasound has advantages in the early detection of peripheral enthesitis. Further attention is needed for managing comorbidities such as fatty liver and obesity-related metabolic conditions.

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria in bile and blood cultures obtained from patients with biliary stones accompanied by acute biliary tract infection,to evaluate the clinical appropriate-ness of antibiotic use based on drug sensitivity results,and to provide evidence for empirical antibiotic treatment in such patients.Methods The clinical data of 161 patients with biliary calculi complicated by acute biliary tract infection who were admitted to the First People's Hospital of Neijiang from 2017 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The results of microbial culture,drug sensitivity analysis,and patient characteristics were assessed to evaluate the appropriateness of clinical antimicrobial therapy.Results Among the 161 patients with positive cultures,212 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected.The predominant patho-gens were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies,and Enterococcus faecium.Age and underlying diseases significantly affected the distribution of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies.Within the gram-negative bacterial group,Esche-richia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies exhibited higher drug resistance to commonly used broad-spectrum penicillin,third-generation cephalosporin and quinolones but lower resistance rates to piperacillin and tazobactam;furthermore,elderly indi-viduals aged ≥65 years showed higher resistance rates to ceftriaxone than those under age 65 while people with drug exposure history had higher ceftazidime resistance rates that were statistically significant.In contrast to Enterococcus faecalis which displayed low antimicrobial resistance rates for most drugs tested in this study,Enterococcus faecium demonstrated high levels of antibiotic resistance;however,both Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium exhibited zero-resistance rates against vancomycin and tigecycline although this may be attributed to their small sample size in our study cohort.Finally,we found that empirical anti-in-fective drugs,as well as target anti-infective drugs,were not prescribed rationally among these patients due mainly to inappropriate combinations of antibiotics or incorrect dosages.Conclusions The predominant pathogens in patients with acute biliary tract infection are gram-negative bacteria,Gram-positive bacteria,and fungi;however,the potential involvement of anaerobic bacteria should not be overlooked.Vancomycin exhibits sensitivity against gram-positive bacteria,yet the overall rationality of antibiotic usage remains suboptimal.Enhanced clinical testing for pathogenic microorganisms is imperative in the management of biliary stones accompanied by acute biliary tract infection.In contrast,clinical pharmacists should provide comprehensive training on anti-infective drugs to clinicians to facilitate their judicious selection of antibiotics based on drug sensitivity results and prevent the e-mergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the skin thickness, blood flow grades, skin stiffness, and post-treatment changes in ultrasound indices in patients with different clinical types of port-wine stains (PWS) by multimodal ultrasound, and to explore the application value of multimodal ultrasound in the quantitative evaluation of and efficacy assessment for PWS.Methods:An observational study was conducted, including 298 patients with PWS. High-frequency ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of and blood flow signals in skin lesions, and shear wave elastography to measure the maximum Young's modulus (Emax) and maximum shear wave propagation velocity (Cmax) of the skin layers. Differences in various ultrasound indices were analyzed between skin lesions and surrounding normal skin. After photodynamic therapy, ultrasound re-evaluation was performed on 124 patients to analyze changes in ultrasound indices before and after treatment. Statistical analysis was conducted using t test, analysis of variance, and rank sum test. Results:In 106 patients with pink PWS, the skin thickness was 1.41 ± 0.28 mm, the blood flow was mainly rated as grade 0 (81%), the Emax was 16.24 ± 1.82 kPa, and the Cmax was 2.28 ± 0.09 m/s. There were no significant differences in the above indices between normal skin and treated skin (all P > 0.05). In the 121 patients with purplish red PWS, the skin thickness was 1.86 ± 0.23 mm; the blood flow was mainly rated as grade 1 (45%), which was higher than that of normal skin; after treatment, both the skin thickness and blood flow grades were decreased ( P < 0.05) ; there were no significant differences in the Emax and Cmax between purplish red PWS lesions (16.41 ± 1.82 kPa, 2.32 ± 0.13 m/s, respectively) and normal skin or treated skin (all P > 0.05). In the 71 patients with thickened PWS, the skin thickness was 2.51 ± 0.32 mm, the blood flow was mainly trated as grade 3 (55%), the Emax was 22.22 ± 2.46 kPa, and the Cmax was 2.75 ± 0.11 m/s, which were all significantly higher than those of normal skin (all P < 0.05) ; all the indices were decreased after treatment. Conclusions:Multimodal ultrasound can be used for the quantitative assessment of different clinical types of PWS and their treatment outcomes. Purplish red PWS and thickened PWS showed thicker skin layers and higher blood flow grades, and thickened PWS showed higher skin stiffness values. All ultrasound indices were decreased after treatment.

A 31-year-old woman received semaglutide injection subcutaneously for weight loss. Three months later, the electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia, and the laboratory tests showed triiodothyronine (T 3) 2.75 nmol/L, thyroxine (T 4) 199.86 nmol/L, free triiodothyronine (FT 3) 11.31 pmol/L, free thyroxine (FT 4) 46.63 pmol/L, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)<0.005 mU/L. Considering the sinus tachycardia and hyperthyroidism caused by semaglutide injection, the drug was discontinued, and methimazole 10 mg orally, twice daily and metoprolol 25 mg orally twice daily were given. After treatment for more than 1 month, the electrocardiogram of the patient was normal, and the thyroid function examination showed T 3 1.79 nmol/L, T 4 127.33 nmol/L, FT 3 4.94 pmol/L, FT 4 15.87 pmol/L, and TSH<0.005 mU/L. However, there were elevated liver enzymes, showing alanine aminotransferase 327 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 148 U/L, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 123.4 U/L. Then, methimazole and metoprolol were stopped, and silibinin 140 mg orally thrice daily combined with bicyclol 50 mg thrice daily were given. More than 1 month after treatments, the patient′s thyroid function and liver function were normal, and silibinin and bicyclol were stopped. After that, the thyroid function, liver function and electrocardiogram were all normal in repeated examinations.

A 31-year-old woman received semaglutide injection subcutaneously for weight loss. Three months later, the electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia, and the laboratory tests showed triiodothyronine (T 3) 2.75 nmol/L, thyroxine (T 4) 199.86 nmol/L, free triiodothyronine (FT 3) 11.31 pmol/L, free thyroxine (FT 4) 46.63 pmol/L, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)<0.005 mU/L. Considering the sinus tachycardia and hyperthyroidism caused by semaglutide injection, the drug was discontinued, and methimazole 10 mg orally, twice daily and metoprolol 25 mg orally twice daily were given. After treatment for more than 1 month, the electrocardiogram of the patient was normal, and the thyroid function examination showed T 3 1.79 nmol/L, T 4 127.33 nmol/L, FT 3 4.94 pmol/L, FT 4 15.87 pmol/L, and TSH<0.005 mU/L. However, there were elevated liver enzymes, showing alanine aminotransferase 327 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 148 U/L, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 123.4 U/L. Then, methimazole and metoprolol were stopped, and silibinin 140 mg orally thrice daily combined with bicyclol 50 mg thrice daily were given. More than 1 month after treatments, the patient′s thyroid function and liver function were normal, and silibinin and bicyclol were stopped. After that, the thyroid function, liver function and electrocardiogram were all normal in repeated examinations.

Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the main therapy for epilepsy.There are many kinds of ASMs with complex mechanism of action, so it is difficult for pharmacists to examine prescriptions.This paper put forward some suggestions on the indications, dosage forms/routes of administration, appropriateness of usage and dosage, combined medication and drug interaction, long-term prescription review, individual differences in pathophysiology of children, and drug selection when complicated with common epilepsy, for the reference of doctors and pharmacists.