Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant lesion originating from the oral mucosal squamous epithelium,account-ing for over 80％of oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Key etiological factors include tobacco,alcohol abuse,and betel quid chewing.In China,its incidence has shown an overall upward trend,posing a significant threat to public health.OSCC exhibits high local invasive-ness,making early diagnosis critical for improving prognosis.Its clinical management requires close multidisciplinary collaboration among oral and maxillofacial surgery,head and neck surgery,radiation oncology,medical oncology,reconstructive surgery,radiology,patholo-gy,and nutritional support teams.Given the increasing disease burden of OSCC and rapid development of multidisciplinary collaborative models,an expert panel has formulated this integrated management consensus based on evidence-based medicine and extensive deliber-ation.Centered on the'Prevention-Screening-Diagnosis-Treatment-Rehabilitation'framework,the consensus provides comprehensive guidance for the entire disease course of OSCC patients,aiming to standardize clinical practice.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)is a malignant tumor originating from the squamous epithelium of the oro-pharyngeal mucosa,accounting for more than 90％of oropharyngeal malignancies.In recent years,human papillomavirus(HPV)infec-tion has become one of the primary etiological factors of oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma.The incidence of HPV-associated oropharyn-geal squamous carcinoma has been rising annually,with a noticeable trend toward younger populations,posing a significant threat to hu-man health.Due to the distinct biological behavior and clinical characteristics of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma com-pared to its non-HPV-related counterpart,the diagnostic and treatment strategies for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma have undergone substantial changes.Prevention and screening for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma are of critical importance.The diagnostic and treat-ment process involves multi-disciplinary collaboration,including oral and maxillofacial surgery,otolaryngology,head and neck surgery,oncology,radiology and pathology.Based on evidence from clinical practice,a comprehensive,integrated diagnostic and therapeutic ap-proach has been established,centered around the concept of"prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation",covering the entire patient lifecycle and providing a valuable reference for clinical practice.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a malignant lesion originating from the oral mucosal squamous epithelium,account-ing for over 80％of oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Key etiological factors include tobacco,alcohol abuse,and betel quid chewing.In China,its incidence has shown an overall upward trend,posing a significant threat to public health.OSCC exhibits high local invasive-ness,making early diagnosis critical for improving prognosis.Its clinical management requires close multidisciplinary collaboration among oral and maxillofacial surgery,head and neck surgery,radiation oncology,medical oncology,reconstructive surgery,radiology,patholo-gy,and nutritional support teams.Given the increasing disease burden of OSCC and rapid development of multidisciplinary collaborative models,an expert panel has formulated this integrated management consensus based on evidence-based medicine and extensive deliber-ation.Centered on the'Prevention-Screening-Diagnosis-Treatment-Rehabilitation'framework,the consensus provides comprehensive guidance for the entire disease course of OSCC patients,aiming to standardize clinical practice.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)is a malignant tumor originating from the squamous epithelium of the oro-pharyngeal mucosa,accounting for more than 90％of oropharyngeal malignancies.In recent years,human papillomavirus(HPV)infec-tion has become one of the primary etiological factors of oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma.The incidence of HPV-associated oropharyn-geal squamous carcinoma has been rising annually,with a noticeable trend toward younger populations,posing a significant threat to hu-man health.Due to the distinct biological behavior and clinical characteristics of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma com-pared to its non-HPV-related counterpart,the diagnostic and treatment strategies for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma have undergone substantial changes.Prevention and screening for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma are of critical importance.The diagnostic and treat-ment process involves multi-disciplinary collaboration,including oral and maxillofacial surgery,otolaryngology,head and neck surgery,oncology,radiology and pathology.Based on evidence from clinical practice,a comprehensive,integrated diagnostic and therapeutic ap-proach has been established,centered around the concept of"prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation",covering the entire patient lifecycle and providing a valuable reference for clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological features, and treatment of oral and maxillofacial pyogenic granulomas induced by camrelizumab. Methods: A case of pyogenic granuloma of the gums and lips caused by camrelizumab was reported along with a literature review. Results: After 4 months of treatment with camrelizumab for liver cancer, the patient developed systemic reactive capillary hyperplasia (RCH), followed by multiple masses on the lower lip and gingiva. After periodontal therapy, the masses on the lower lip and the gingiva were removed, and camrelizumab administration was stopped. The pathological result was gingival pyogenic granuloma/granulomatous hemangioma. No new masses were found in the oral cavity during postoperative follow-up. A review of the literature showed that RCH is the most common adverse drug reaction to camrelizumab but it occurs infrequently in the oral cavity. At present, the etiology of RCH has not been clarified, but the research has shown that camrelizumab may trigger tissue proliferation into hemangiomas by activating vascular endothelial cells, and the combined use of camrelizumab is safer than single use. RCH is self-limiting and most cases resolve spontaneously after discontinuation of the drug. If the mass causes dysfunction, surgical excision is feasible. Conclusion Camrelizumab can cause oral and maxillofacial reactive capillary hyperplasia complicated by pyogenic granuloma.

Objective:To investigate the application effect of the combined teaching model of digital 3D printed model and Tencent conference in case-based learning (CBL) teaching of oral and maxillofacial surgery.Methods:A total of 80 undergraduates in the classes of 2015 and 2016 were selected from School of Stomatology, Qingdao University. The students in the class of 2015 received traditional teaching, and those in the class of 2016 received the combined CBL teaching model of 3D printed model and Tencent conference. A questionnaire survey was used to evaluate the teaching effect, and theoretical examination was used to assess comprehensive abilities of the two groups. SPSS 24.0 was used to perform the chi-square test and the t-test. Results:There was no significant difference in the degree of satisfaction with teaching between the combined CBL teaching model of 3D printed model and Tencent conference and the traditional teaching model ( P>0.05), and both models were generally recognized and accepted by students. The experimental group had a significantly higher score than the control group (94.05±4.16 vs. 86.10±3.37, P<0.05). Conclusion:The combined teaching model of digital 3D printed model and Tencent conference integrates the advantages of the Internet and digital information and thus provides a certain reference for the teaching methods for other majors in stomatology.

Objective To summarize the postoperative complications of reconstruction of mandible defect with titanium reconstruction plate.Methods A total of 111 cases of the mandibular defect caused by various reasons and repaired by titanium reconstruction plate in the Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2003 to 2012 were collected and followed up.The complications were analyzed.Results Thirty-seven percent of 111 cases showed long term complications.The titanium fracture was the main complication(16％[18/111]),followed by stress-shielding (9％[10/111]),infection(8％[9/111]),and titanium plate exposure(4％[4/111]).Titanium plate fracture occurred within 8 months and 3 years after surgery.The simple titanium plate reconstruction had the highest rate of plate fracture(30％[15/50]).Stress-shielding in non-vascularized bone graft was more significant than that in vascularized bone graft(P＜0.05).When replaced by mini-titanium plate,the stress-shielding effect disappeared gradually.When the retention of mandibular margin height was less than 1 cm with the use of reconstruction plate,the postoperative complications were prone to occur.Conclusions Bone graft is the best way to reconstruct mandibular defect,and simple reconstruction plate repair is applied only as a transitional means for high degree of malignancy,obvious recurrence tendency tumor or special reasons such as age etc,which are not suitable for bone graft.The reconstruction plate fixation is not recommended for bone graft,especially non-vascularized bone graft.The retention of mandibular margin with reconstruction plate fixation is open to discussion.

OBJECTIVETo reconstruct mandibular defect using tissue engineering bone with bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) cell sheets and investigate the effect of cell sheets on osteogenesis.

METHODSBMSCs were isolated with the method of density gradient centrifugation from canine and cultured. BMSCs were induced to differentiate to osteoblasts. BMSCs induced were fabricated to BMSCs cell sheets. The poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) wrapped with cell sheets were implanted into the mandibular defect in the left side (experimental side). PLGA wrapped without cell sheets were implanted into the right side (control side) of mandibles. 16 dogs were evenly divided into 4 groups, and one group of them was executed in 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks for gross investigation and histological observation.

RESULTSThe osteogenesis of experimental side was better than that of control side. 16 weeks after implantation, most areas of the mandibular defect were replaced by fresh bone tissue. Compact bone similar to normal bone tissue formed in the lingual defect of mandible and had bony union with the bone stump. The optical density of the fresh bone in the experimental side was higher than that of the control side, there was a significant difference between the two methods (P<0.05). Plenty of lamellar bones formed in experimental side and Haversian system, as well as red marrow, were observed.

CONCLUSIONTissue engineering bone with the structure of lamellar bones can be formed by the technology of BMSCs cell sheets.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone and Bones ; Dogs ; Lactic Acid ; Mandible ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Polyesters ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Polymers ; Tissue Engineering