Posterior lenticonus (PLC) is a type of congenital lens disease in the morphology of spherical or conical bulging of the posterior capsule of the lens.It occurs predominantly in unilateral and sporadic, and the bilateral case is often inherited in type of autosomal dominant or X-chromosome linked inheritance.The mutations of EPHA2 are the major known causes of PLC until now.Although researchers have proposed hypotheses that the formation of PLC are related to weak posterior capsule, excessive growth of lens epithelial cells and traction of pigment tissue based on the clinical manifestations of PLC, the pathogenesis of PLC is not elucidated.The animal models associated with PLC can be roughly divided into posterior capsule protrusion and posterior capsule rupture combined with cataract.The clinical manifestations of PLC are various with main symptoms including leukocoria, strabismus, photophobia, and decreased vision.Preoperative examinations by slit-lamp microscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy, Pentacam can detect abnormal morphological changes of the posterior capsule of lens.Intraoperative characteristic manifestations such as fish-tail and jelly-fish sign can be used to diagnose PLC.When PLC is combined with lens opacity, cataract extraction combined with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis or posterior capsule cutting with vitrectomy is the main surgical treatment.Intraocular lens implantation or glass wear is used to correct the aphakic eyes.Postoperative amblyopia training is crucial for improving visual function.

Posterior lenticonus (PLC) is a type of congenital lens disease in the morphology of spherical or conical bulging of the posterior capsule of the lens.It occurs predominantly in unilateral and sporadic, and the bilateral case is often inherited in type of autosomal dominant or X-chromosome linked inheritance.The mutations of EPHA2 are the major known causes of PLC until now.Although researchers have proposed hypotheses that the formation of PLC are related to weak posterior capsule, excessive growth of lens epithelial cells and traction of pigment tissue based on the clinical manifestations of PLC, the pathogenesis of PLC is not elucidated.The animal models associated with PLC can be roughly divided into posterior capsule protrusion and posterior capsule rupture combined with cataract.The clinical manifestations of PLC are various with main symptoms including leukocoria, strabismus, photophobia, and decreased vision.Preoperative examinations by slit-lamp microscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy, Pentacam can detect abnormal morphological changes of the posterior capsule of lens.Intraoperative characteristic manifestations such as fish-tail and jelly-fish sign can be used to diagnose PLC.When PLC is combined with lens opacity, cataract extraction combined with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis or posterior capsule cutting with vitrectomy is the main surgical treatment.Intraocular lens implantation or glass wear is used to correct the aphakic eyes.Postoperative amblyopia training is crucial for improving visual function.

Objective To evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)on the growth and development of 18-month-old children born by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive pregnant women in Lingshan County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and provide scientific evidence for improving the ART medication plan for PMTCT.Methods Lingshan County,ranking the first in the HIV-epidemic counties of Guangxi,was selected as the research site.According to the design of retrospective case-control study,we assigned all the subjects into the case group and the control group:(1)The case group included the HIV-positive pregnant women who had received ART for PMTCT and their HIV-negative infants in Lingshan County from 2010 to 2017.The historical cards and PMTCT data of them were collected from the national PMTCT database.(2)The control group included the healthy pregnant women and their healthy babies born in the Lingshan Maternity and Infant Hospital in 2017,and the children's growth and development data were collected.The stunted growth in children was defined as at least one of the three main indicators of body height,body weight,and head circumference below the normal range.Results The number of HIV-positive mothers and their infants in the case group was 391 and 368,respectively,and 87.21%(341/391)and 95.38%(351/368)of mothers and infants respectively received ART medication.The HIV positive rate,mortality rate,and mother-to-child transmission rate of 18-month-old children were 1.36%(5/368),4.35%(16/368),and 2.01%(5/249),respectively.The incidence of stunted growth of 18-month-old children in the case group and the control group was 42.12%(155/368)and 23.06%(101/438),respectively,with significant difference(
Case-Control Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Growth and Development ; HIV ; HIV Infections/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control* ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies