Objective:To understand the current situation of ethical dilemmas related to the treatment of newborns with birth defects,and provide a basis for getting out of ethical dilemmas.Methods:The qualitative interview method was used to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews with 13 medical staff in neonatology.Nvivo 12.0 software was used for the interview data to code,analyze,and extract relevant themes.Results:A total of three themes were extracted.First,the ethical dilemmas related to the treatment of newborns with birth defects mainly included the ethical dilemma of active treatment and giving up treatment,and the ethical dilemma of guardians'decision-making and medical decision-making.Second,the causes of the ethical dilemmas related to the treatment of newborns with birth defects were related to the clinical conditions of the children,the educational level,the economic level,the values of the main guardians,the socioeconomic level,and the distribution of medical resources.Third,the coping measures for the ethical dilemmas related to the treatment of newborns with birth defects included improving the medical treatment system,forming a joint decision-making model between doctors and patients,and strengthening the construction of laws and regulations and social support.Conclusions:The treatment of newborns with birth defects faced various ethical dilemmas,and scientific strategies should be adopted to get rid of ethical dilemmas.