Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

?? [Abstract]? Objective? To understand the disaster emergency knowledge and disaster preparedness among emergency nurses, and to analyze the correlation between them. Methods? From February 2017 to June 2017, we selected emergency nurses at two ClassⅢ hospitals and two ClassⅡ hospitals in Zhejiang by convenience sampling. Questionnaire survey was carried out with the general information questionnaire, nursing knowledge of disaster emergency scale and the disaster preparedness evaluation tool. A total of 550 questionnaires were sent out and 480 valid questionnaires were collected with 87.27% for the valid recovery rate. Results? Among 480 emergency nurses, the total score and average score of disaster emergency knowledge was (129.91±28.70) and (3.25±0.72) respectively. The total score and average score of disaster preparedness was (156.35±21.60) and (3.47±0.48) respectively. Single factor analysis showed that the influencing factors of disaster preparedness among emergency nurses included education levels, positional titles, working lives, whether attended large emergency events rescue (P＜ 0.05). A positive correlation between disaster emergency knowledge and disaster preparedness was displayed in the correlation analysis among emergency nurses (P＜0.05). Regression analysis showed that triage classification, reports, gaining vital resources and communications in disaster emergency knowledge could explain 39.4% of the total variance of disaster preparedness among emergency nurses after controlling general information. Conclusions? Disaster emergency knowledge can forecast the disaster preparedness among emergency nurses. However, emergency nurses lack disaster emergency knowledge. Nursing managers of emergency department should make targeted intervention based on disaster emergency knowledge to improve disaster preparedness of emergency nurses.

Objective: To explore the difference between the nursing needs of burn patients and nurses′ cognition in order to adjust the nursing service behavior and improve the nursing quality. Methods: The convenience sampling method was adopted to select 400 burn inpatients admitted to the Department of Burns of the 180th Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army from January to September 2017, and 38 nurses from the same department were selected by cluster sampling method. On the day of or the day before hospital discharge after instruction to discharging patients, the self-designed questionnaire was adopted to investigate the nursing needs of patients during hospitalization. The cognitive differences between patients and nurses in the overall level and specific dimensions of nursing needs were compared, and items of the nursing needs of patients which were higher than the cognition of nurses with statistically significant differences were recorded. The five most important nursing needs items considered by both patients and nurses were recorded and compared. Data were processed with independent sample t test. Results: The effective recovery rates of questionnaire for patients and nurses were 94.8% (379/400) and 100.0% (38/38), respectively. The total score of patients′ nursing needs was (3.9±0.4) points, which was similar to (4.1±0.5) points of nurses′ cognition of patients′ nursing needs (t=1.611, P>0.05). The scores of patients′ physiological needs and self-esteem needs dimensions were (4.0±0.6) and (3.9±0.6) points, respectively, significantly lower than (4.2±0.4) and (4.3±0.5) points of nurses (t=-2.476, -4.160, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The scores of patients′ safety needs, love and belonging needs, and self-realization needs dimensions were similar to those of nurses (t=0.228, 1.356, -1.010, P>0.05). The scores of the patients in nursing needs items of the introduction of patients in the same room, medical staff accompanying them during the examination, leisure and recreational activities, the theoretical and technical proficiency of nurses, the guidance of anti-scar exercise, and the propaganda of drug knowledge were respectively (4.2±0.9), (3.3±1.2), (4.2±0.9), (4.5±0.7), (4.2±0.9), and (4.0±1.0) points, significantly higher than (3.5±0.9), (2.7±1.0), (3.5±1.3), (4.1±0.8), (3.8±1.0), and (3.6±0.9) points of the nurses (t=4.147, 3.515, 3.374, 3.282, 2.546, 2.265, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The five most important items for patients and nurses were pain nursing, the theoretical and technical proficiency of nurses, treating patients equally, instruction to discharging patients, timely visiting wards and privacy protection, pain nursing, introduction of medical staff, introduction of safety issues, getting the daily expenses listing, respectively. Only pain nursing was the same between patients and nurses. Conclusions There are some differences between burn patients and nurses in the dimensions and items of nursing needs and the most important items of nursing needs. Nursing staff should focus on improving the nursing service items with insufficient cognition, adjusting the service supply, meeting the reasonable needs of patients, and improving the nursing satisfaction of patients.