Based on the pathogenesis of earth congestion and wood constraint， internal accumulation of turbid toxin， this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics and therapeutic methods of the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pathogenesis of cancer cachexia. Based on the progressive process of cancer cachexia， characterized by earth congestion， wood constraint， turbidity accumulation， and disease progression， earth congestion is considered as the initiating factor， which initially attacks the body and leads to qi constraint and stagnation. Over time， middle jiao （焦） fails to transport properly， and the internal accumulation of turbid toxin hinders the ascent and descent of qi. Consequently， earth congestion and wood constraint mutually affect each other， causing the turbid toxin to become increasingly profound and persistent throughout the entire course of cancer cachexia. Combined with the progressive evolution process of the disease， it is proposed that in the early stage， treatment should focus on fortifying the spleen， resolving stagnation， and unblocking fu （腑） organs to restore the transportation and transformation functions of the spleen and stomach， increase appetite， and promote muscle recovery. In the middle stage， harmonizing the liver and spleen and smoothing the qi movement should be taken as the key therapeutic principles to reverse the disease progression. In the late stage， treatment should focus on resolving turbid toxin and unblocking stagnated stasis in the collaterals to halt the progression of the disease and prolong the survival period of cancer patients.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective tumor treatment agents with survival benefits.However,immune toxicity to various organs has become a new challenge in clinical practice.The cardiac involvement can be presented as heart failure,arrhythmia(atrial fibrillation,atrioventricular block,bundle branch block,ventricular tachycardia,etc.),myocardial-pericarditis,myocardiopathy,and sudden cardiac death,etc.This patient developed abnormally increased myocardial enzymes,impaired cardiac function,and atrioventricular block after 1-month treatment with tislelizumab.Endomyocardial biopsy examination confirmed the diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis.Through the diagnosis,treatment,and review of relevant literatures of this case,we wish to improve the understanding of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis,and therefore improve the diagnosis and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis for clinicians.

Objectives:To preliminarily investigate the safety and efficacy of same-day discharge(SDD)following radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythmia.Methods:A total of 50 consecutive patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythmia in the SDD strategy at Fuwai Hospital from 8 July 2024 to 18 September 2024 were included in this analysis.The study evaluated the immediate success rate of the ablation,the rate of all-cause and arrhythmia-related readmission,outpatient or emergency visits and incidence of complications within 30 days post ablation,and recurrence rate of arrhythmias over a 3-month follow-up period.Results:The average age of the 50 patients was(47.2±16.1)years old,32 patients(64.0%)were male.Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed in 47 patients(94.0%),including 18(36.0%)atrial fibrillation(AF)ablation.Three patients(6.0%)underwent electrophysiological study only.The immediate success rate for ablation patients was 100%(47/47).None of the patients developed vascular puncture-related or ablation-related complications.The average hospital stay and postoperative observation time were(6.84±1.13)hours and(3.40±1.12)hours,respectively.The all-cause and arrhythmia-related readmission,outpatient or emergency visits rates within 30 days were 12.0%(6/50)and 2.0%(1/50),respectively.Two patients(4.0%)post ablation experienced AF recurrence during the 3-months follow-up period.Conclusions:Radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythmias in SDD strategy is safe,effective,and feasible.

Objectives:To preliminarily investigate the safety and efficacy of same-day discharge(SDD)following radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythmia.Methods:A total of 50 consecutive patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythmia in the SDD strategy at Fuwai Hospital from 8 July 2024 to 18 September 2024 were included in this analysis.The study evaluated the immediate success rate of the ablation,the rate of all-cause and arrhythmia-related readmission,outpatient or emergency visits and incidence of complications within 30 days post ablation,and recurrence rate of arrhythmias over a 3-month follow-up period.Results:The average age of the 50 patients was(47.2±16.1)years old,32 patients(64.0%)were male.Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed in 47 patients(94.0%),including 18(36.0%)atrial fibrillation(AF)ablation.Three patients(6.0%)underwent electrophysiological study only.The immediate success rate for ablation patients was 100%(47/47).None of the patients developed vascular puncture-related or ablation-related complications.The average hospital stay and postoperative observation time were(6.84±1.13)hours and(3.40±1.12)hours,respectively.The all-cause and arrhythmia-related readmission,outpatient or emergency visits rates within 30 days were 12.0%(6/50)and 2.0%(1/50),respectively.Two patients(4.0%)post ablation experienced AF recurrence during the 3-months follow-up period.Conclusions:Radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythmias in SDD strategy is safe,effective,and feasible.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective tumor treatment agents with survival benefits.However,immune toxicity to various organs has become a new challenge in clinical practice.The cardiac involvement can be presented as heart failure,arrhythmia(atrial fibrillation,atrioventricular block,bundle branch block,ventricular tachycardia,etc.),myocardial-pericarditis,myocardiopathy,and sudden cardiac death,etc.This patient developed abnormally increased myocardial enzymes,impaired cardiac function,and atrioventricular block after 1-month treatment with tislelizumab.Endomyocardial biopsy examination confirmed the diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis.Through the diagnosis,treatment,and review of relevant literatures of this case,we wish to improve the understanding of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis,and therefore improve the diagnosis and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis for clinicians.

Background/Aims: Ubiquitination is widely involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating various cellular processes. However, systematic strategies for screening core ubiquitin-related genes, clarifying their functions and mechanisms, and ultimately developing potential therapeutics for patients with HCC are still lacking. Methods: Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed to construct a ubiquitin-related gene prediction model for HCC. Loss- and gain-of-function studies, transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis were used to explore the function and mechanism of UBE2S on HCC cell glycolysis and growth. Results: Based on 1,423 ubiquitin-related genes, a four-gene signature was successfully constructed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with HCC. UBE2S was identified in this signature with the potential to predict the survival of patients with HCC. E2F2 transcriptionally upregulated UBE2S expression by directly binding to its promoter. UBE2S positively regulated glycolysis in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, thus promoting the proliferation of HCC cells. Mechanistically, UBE2S enhanced K11-linkage polyubiquitination at lysine residues 171 and 196 of VHL independent of E3 ligase, thereby indirectly stabilizing HIF-1α protein levels by mediating the degradation of VHL by the proteasome. In particular, the combination of cephalomannine, a small molecule compound that inhibits the expression of UBE2S, and PX-478, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy. Conclusions UBE2S is identified as a key biomarker in HCC among the thousands of ubiquitin-related genes and promotes glycolysis by E3 enzyme-independent ubiquitination, thus serving as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic dilatation in treatment of esophageal stenosis after esophageal varices sclerotherapy.Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with esophageal stenosis after sclerotherapy for esophageal varices from January 2014 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,and they were divided into balloon expansion group and bougie expansion group.The remission rate and recurrence rate of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic dilation were analyzed,as well as the incidence of intraoperative complications such as intraoperative bleeding,perforation,infection and chest pain.Results 50 endoscopic dilation treatments were performed in 17 patients.The stenosis remission rate after the first dilation was 76.47％,and the recurrence rate was 53.85％.The total number of dilation required for complete remission of esophageal stenosis ranged from 1 to 15 times,and the median required dilation was 2 times,and 35.29％ (6/17)only needed 1 dilation to complete remission.Intraoperative laceration bleeding occurred in 4.00％ (2/50) requiring endoscopic hemostasis.Fever occurred in 6.00％ (3/50),chest pain occurred in 2.00％ (1/50),and no other complications such as perforation and mediastinal infection occurred.The relief rate of balloon dilatation was higher than that of bougiate dilatation,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in recurrence rate and complication rate between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Endoscopic dilatation is generally safe and effective in the treatment of esophageal stenosis after sclerotherapy for esophageal varices,and balloon dilatation is superior to bougiate dilatation in the relief of stenosis.

Objective To analyse the hotspots and trends in research of patient navigation. Methods Literature on patient navigation were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science Core Collection from 1 January,2000 to 31 December,2023. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 was used to analyse the co-citation literature,institutions and key words. Results A total of 483 articles were included,covering 444 in English and 39 in Chinese. The overall number of annual publications showed a fluctuating upward trend. Domestic research started later than abroad. The research hotspots included navigation model,navigation nurse,breast cancer and social service. The development of navigation model,training of navigation nurses,and identification of standardised navigation outcome indicators are expected to become the trend in future research. Conclusion Domestic research in patient navigation is at a preliminary stage. It is recommended that researchers should learn from foreign studies by strengthen communications and cooperation,further explore and improve theories,and develop a scientific and localised patient navigation model and a training system for navigation nursing talents.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic dilatation in treatment of esophageal stenosis after esophageal varices sclerotherapy.Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with esophageal stenosis after sclerotherapy for esophageal varices from January 2014 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,and they were divided into balloon expansion group and bougie expansion group.The remission rate and recurrence rate of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic dilation were analyzed,as well as the incidence of intraoperative complications such as intraoperative bleeding,perforation,infection and chest pain.Results 50 endoscopic dilation treatments were performed in 17 patients.The stenosis remission rate after the first dilation was 76.47％,and the recurrence rate was 53.85％.The total number of dilation required for complete remission of esophageal stenosis ranged from 1 to 15 times,and the median required dilation was 2 times,and 35.29％ (6/17)only needed 1 dilation to complete remission.Intraoperative laceration bleeding occurred in 4.00％ (2/50) requiring endoscopic hemostasis.Fever occurred in 6.00％ (3/50),chest pain occurred in 2.00％ (1/50),and no other complications such as perforation and mediastinal infection occurred.The relief rate of balloon dilatation was higher than that of bougiate dilatation,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in recurrence rate and complication rate between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Endoscopic dilatation is generally safe and effective in the treatment of esophageal stenosis after sclerotherapy for esophageal varices,and balloon dilatation is superior to bougiate dilatation in the relief of stenosis.

Objective To analyse the hotspots and trends in research of patient navigation. Methods Literature on patient navigation were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science Core Collection from 1 January,2000 to 31 December,2023. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 was used to analyse the co-citation literature,institutions and key words. Results A total of 483 articles were included,covering 444 in English and 39 in Chinese. The overall number of annual publications showed a fluctuating upward trend. Domestic research started later than abroad. The research hotspots included navigation model,navigation nurse,breast cancer and social service. The development of navigation model,training of navigation nurses,and identification of standardised navigation outcome indicators are expected to become the trend in future research. Conclusion Domestic research in patient navigation is at a preliminary stage. It is recommended that researchers should learn from foreign studies by strengthen communications and cooperation,further explore and improve theories,and develop a scientific and localised patient navigation model and a training system for navigation nursing talents.