AIM:To investigate the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)time parameters in the classification diagnosis of choroidal space-occupying lesions.METHODS: Patients with choroidal space-occupying lesions who underwent CEUS at Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital)between June 2020 and January 2024 were enrolled. According to the final clinical diagnosis and pathological findings, the patients were divided into a benign group(choroidal hemangioma), a malignant group(choroidal melanoma), and a hemorrhage group(subchoroidal hemorrhage). CEUS characteristics and contrast parameters, including rise time(RT), time to peak(TP), and washout time(WT), as well as the incidence of adverse reactions, were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic value of CEUS.RESULTS:A total of 120 patients(120 eyes)with choroidal space-occupying lesions were included, with 40 patients(40 eyes)in each group. The patients in the benign group were aged 45-70(mean age 57.5±12.4 )y, including 19 males and 21 females; those in the malignant group were aged 43-72(mean age 56.9±13.1 )y, including 23 males and 17 females; and those in the hemorrhage group were aged 40-61(mean age 54.4±9.7 )y, including 22 males and 18 females. The benign group predominantly exhibited homogeneous hyperenhancement with a “fast-in, slow-out”perfusion pattern, whereas the malignant group mainly showed heterogeneous hyperenhancement with a “fast-in, fast-out”perfusion pattern. No obvious enhancement was observed in the hemorrhage group, exhibiting a “no-in, no-out” perfusion pattern. Significant differences were found among the three groups in CEUS characteristics and quantitative parameters, whereas no significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse reactions.CONCLUSION: CEUS can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of choroidal space-occupying lesions and may serve as a useful reference for clinical decision-making, with a favorable safety profile.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of hematoma enlargement in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and construct a corresponding risk prediction nomogram. The screening effects of the constructed model and different hematoma enlargement risk assessment tools were compared and analyzed.Methods:Two hundred and thirty-two patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage from the Department of Neurosurgery, Lianyungang First People's Hospital from April 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of hematoma expansion in patients with hyperhemamic intracerebral hemorrhage, and R software was used to construct a nomo diagram. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) goodness-of-fit were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the model, and the decision curve was used to analyze the clinical validity of the model. The constructed Nomo diagram, nine-point method and BRAIN score were used to assess the risk of hematoma enlargement in the included patients and used them as test variables, and the ROC curve was plotted to compare and analyze the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity of the constructed Nomo diagram, nine-point method and BRAIN score. The Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency between the Nomo diagram, the nine-point method, and the BRAIN score and the hematoma expansion results.Results:The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that blood pressure was poorly controlled ( OR=13.290, 95% CI: 3.676-48.049), ventricular penetration ( OR=4.825, 95% CI: 1.458-15.975), early neurological deterioration ( OR=27.740, 95% CI: 8.713-88.314), Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)≤8 points ( OR=25.883, 95% CI: 6.542-102.404) was the main influencing factor for hematoma expansion in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (The P values were <0.001, 0.010, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The H-L test results of Nomogram for predicting hematoma enlargement were χ2=3.20, P=0.525, the calibration curve was close to the ideal curve, and the mean absolute error was 0.015, and the decision curve analysis showed that the model had good clinical validity. The ROC results showed that the area under the ROC curve of the constructed Neumo diagram, nine-point method and BRAIN score were 0.971 (95% CI: 0.941-0.989), 0.696 (95% CI: 0.632-0.755), and 0.778 (95% CI: 0.719-0.830)(all P<0.001). The sensitivities were 94.37%, 71.83%, and 84.51%, and the specificities were 90.68%, 58.39%, and 65.84%, respectively. The results of Kappa test showed that the Kappa values of Nuomo diagram, nine-point method and BRAIN score were 0.806 , 0.264 and 0.429 (all P<0.001). Conclusion:The main influencing factors of hematoma enlargement in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were poor blood pressure control, intraventricular hemorrhage, early neurological deterioration, and GCS score. The effect of the constructed Nuomo diagram model in predicting hematoma expansion in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage is better than that of the nine-point method and the BRAIN score, which has clinical application value.

Standardized clinical trial reporting is crucial for ensuring the scientific validity,reproducibility,and clinical translational value of reported results.The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials(CONSORT)statement,an internationally recognized guideline for randomized controlled trials(RCTs),has become an important reference standard for writing research papers in medicine since the 2010 version of CONSORT was published.With advancements in scientific research methodologies and the emergence of new forms of clinical trials,the CONSORT working group released an updated version in April 2025,published in journals such as The BMJ.Herein,we provide a systematic interpretation of the core revisions of CONSORT 2025,as well as a comparison with CONSORT 2010 to highlight the key differences.By providing practical,example-based recommendations,we aim to help domestic researchers apply the new guidelines efficiently,thereby improving the quality of clinical trial reports authored by domestic researchers.

A high-quality clinical trial protocol is the cornerstone for ensuring the scientific integrity and ethical compliance of a study.The Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials(SPIRIT)has become the international benchmark for developing clinical trial protocols since its release in 2013.To adapt to the developing trends of open science and patient-centered principles,the SPIRIT group completed a comprehensive update in 2025.While retaining its core structure,this updated guideline introduces a new open science module and incorporates several new elements,including patient and public involvement,trial monitoring,and data sharing,alongside substantial revisions of five pre-existing items.In this article,we critically examine the core revisions in SPIRIT 2025 and,through analysis of representative case studies,illustrate the practical application of the new reporting guideline in drafting trial protocols.Our goal is to to provide Chinese researchers with a valuable reference for understanding and implementing this new reporting guideline,thereby enhancing the quality and rigor of clinical trial protocols developed in the country.

Objective The relationship between serum uric acid(UA)levels and gait kinematics characteristics in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)was investigated.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with CSVD from outparient clinics of the Neurology and Rehabilitation Department of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to December 2023.The general information of patients were collected and the gait of patients was analyzed using three-dimensional gait analysis.Patients were then divided into mild gait disorder group(0-1 points),moderate gait disorder group(2-3 points),and severe gait dysfunction group(4-5 points)based on gait results.The total burden of CSVD imaging and serum results such as UA were collected.The relationship between UA level and CSVD gait disorders was analyzed.Results This study recruited 105 CSVD patients.Patients were divided into different groups based on the severity of their gait disorder including 40 in the mild group,49 in the moderate group,and 16 in the severe group.The blood uric acid level in the moderate group(358.43±13.44)μmol/L was higher than that in the mild group(336.00±12.48)μmol/L,and the blood uric acid level in the severe group(289.94±11.88)μmol/L was lower than that in the mild and moderate groups(P<0.05).The MoCA score in the severe gait disorder group(21.38±0.13)was lower than that in the mild and moderate groups(28.05±0.09 vs.25.22±0.10)(P<0.05).The step width of the CSVD severe load group was(13.26±2.80)cm compared to the light and moderate load groups[(11.22±1.70)cm vs.(11.65±2.70)cm]increased(P<0.05),and the left swing phase in the severe group(35.90%)decreased compared to the mild and moderate groups(38.50%vs.37.20%)(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between UA levels and CMB(r=-0.20,P=0.04).Hyperuricemia was negatively correlated with brain atrophy(r=-0.20,P=0.04).In patients with mild to moderate gait disorders,there was a positive correlation between hyperuricemia and the total burden of gait disorders(r=0.25,P=0.02),and hyperuricemia and right gait speed(r=-0.22,P=0.04),Right stride(r=-0.29,P<0.01),Left step speed(r=-0.32,P<0.01),Left step frequency(r=-0.29,P<0.01),The left stride was negatively correlated(r=-0.26,P=0.01).Conclusion In CSVD patients with mild to moderate gait disorders,the levels of uric acid and hyperuricemia are positively correlated with the total burden of gait disorders.The gait disorders are mainly characterized by reduced bilateral pace,bilateral stride,and left step frequency.

Objective:To investigate the role and potential mechanism of m 6A demethylase ALKBH5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) . Methods:Real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect ALKBH5 expression in normal esophageal epithelial cells (Het-1A) and ESCC cell lines (Eca109, KYSE30, KYSE150, KYSE410). Transient cell lines with overexpression/knockdown of ALKBH5 (siRNA transfection was divided into si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group) and control cell lines were constructed. The effects of ALKBH5 on ESCC cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were studied by MTT assay, cell scratch assay and cell apoptosis assay respectively. The differentially expressed gene was screened by the intersection of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) techniques, and the effect of ALKBH5 on the gene expression was detected by RT-qPCR.Results:Real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR results showed that, the relative expression levels of ALKBH5 RNA in Het-1A, Eca109, KYSE30, KYSE150 and KYSE410 were 1.03±0.28, 0.46±0.02, 0.23±0.10, 0.04±0.02, 0.05±0.00, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=444.60, P<0.001). Western blotting showed that, the relative expression levels of ALKBH5 protein in Het-1A, Eca109, KYSE30, KYSE150 and KYSE410 were 1.14±0.03, 0.88±0.04, 0.66±0.01, 0.69±0.01, 0.95±0.01, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=139.90, P<0.001). MTT test showed that the absorbance ( A) values of KYSE30 control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were 0.86±0.01 and 1.25±0.01 after 72 hours, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=46.93, P<0.001). The A values of KYSE150 control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were 1.00±0.03 and 1.43±0.02 after 72 hours, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=16.80, P<0.001). The A values of KYSE30 control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were 0.98±0.01, 0.85±0.02 and 0.80±0.09 after 96 hours, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=72.97, P<0.001). The A values of KYSE30 control group were higher than those of si-ALKBH5-1 and si-ALKBH5-2 groups (both P<0.001). The A values of KYSE410 control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were 1.28±0.02, 1.15±0.02 and 1.08±0.05 after 72 hours, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=16.97, P=0.003). The A values in KYSE410 control group were higher than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group ( P=0.020; P=0.003). The cell scratch test showed that 48 hours after scratch, the migration rates of KYSE30 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were (27.39±0.54) % and (48.89±5.12) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=5.90, P=0.004). The migration rates of KYSE150 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were (39.67±0.43) % and (62.20±0.60) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=43.15, P<0.001). The migration rates of KYSE30 cells in control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were (25.08±1.86) %, (18.75±1.59) % and (7.67±0.52) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=74.28, P<0.001). The migration rates of KYSE30 cells in control group were higher than those of si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group ( P=0.010; P<0.001). The migration rates of KYSE410 cells in control group and si-ALKBH5-1 group, si-ALKBH5-2 group were (38.70±0.41) %, (28.27±1.01) % and (19.40±0.47) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=400.20, P<0.001). The migration rates of KYSE410 cells in control group were higher than those of si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group (both P<0.001). Apoptosis test showed that the apoptosis rates of KYSE30 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were (9.59±0.88) % and (4.81±0.89) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=6.23, P=0.006). The apoptosis rates of KYSE150 cells in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group were (8.36±0.09) % and (6.42±0.19) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=12.90, P<0.001). The apoptosis rates of KYSE30 cells in control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were (4.31±0.19) %, (5.72±0.30) % and (8.94±0.71) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=53.46, P<0.001). The apoptosis rates in KYSE30 cells in control group were lower than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group ( P=0.049; P<0.001). The apoptosis rates of KYSE410 control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group were (4.45±0.36) %, (5.40±0.11) % and (6.64±0.15) %, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=43.36, P<0.001). The apoptosis rates in KYSE410 cells in control group were lower than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group ( P=0.016; P<0.001). The differentially expressed gene IGF2BP3 was screened by the intersection of RNA-seq and MeRIP-seq techniques, and the RT-qPCR results showed that, the relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE30 were 1.01±0.10 and 1.41±0.10 in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=4.06, P=0.015). The relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE150 were 1.00±0.10 and 1.94±0.24 in control group and ALKBH5 overexpression group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=5.08, P=0.007). The relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE410 were 1.01±0.14, 0.67±0.04 and 0.41±0.04 in control group, si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=24.36, P=0.001). The relative expression levels of IGF2BP3 in KYSE410 control group were higher than those in si-ALKBH5-1 group and si-ALKBH5-2 group ( P=0.017; P=0.001) . Conclusions:ALKBH5 is underexpressed in ESCC cell lines, but the overexpression of ALKBH5 can promote the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells and inhibit cell apoptosis, which may be related to some negative feedback regulation mechanism. IGF2BP3 may be the downstream target of ALKBH5.

Objective The relationship between serum uric acid(UA)levels and gait kinematics characteristics in patients with cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)was investigated.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with CSVD from outparient clinics of the Neurology and Rehabilitation Department of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to December 2023.The general information of patients were collected and the gait of patients was analyzed using three-dimensional gait analysis.Patients were then divided into mild gait disorder group(0-1 points),moderate gait disorder group(2-3 points),and severe gait dysfunction group(4-5 points)based on gait results.The total burden of CSVD imaging and serum results such as UA were collected.The relationship between UA level and CSVD gait disorders was analyzed.Results This study recruited 105 CSVD patients.Patients were divided into different groups based on the severity of their gait disorder including 40 in the mild group,49 in the moderate group,and 16 in the severe group.The blood uric acid level in the moderate group(358.43±13.44)μmol/L was higher than that in the mild group(336.00±12.48)μmol/L,and the blood uric acid level in the severe group(289.94±11.88)μmol/L was lower than that in the mild and moderate groups(P<0.05).The MoCA score in the severe gait disorder group(21.38±0.13)was lower than that in the mild and moderate groups(28.05±0.09 vs.25.22±0.10)(P<0.05).The step width of the CSVD severe load group was(13.26±2.80)cm compared to the light and moderate load groups[(11.22±1.70)cm vs.(11.65±2.70)cm]increased(P<0.05),and the left swing phase in the severe group(35.90%)decreased compared to the mild and moderate groups(38.50%vs.37.20%)(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between UA levels and CMB(r=-0.20,P=0.04).Hyperuricemia was negatively correlated with brain atrophy(r=-0.20,P=0.04).In patients with mild to moderate gait disorders,there was a positive correlation between hyperuricemia and the total burden of gait disorders(r=0.25,P=0.02),and hyperuricemia and right gait speed(r=-0.22,P=0.04),Right stride(r=-0.29,P<0.01),Left step speed(r=-0.32,P<0.01),Left step frequency(r=-0.29,P<0.01),The left stride was negatively correlated(r=-0.26,P=0.01).Conclusion In CSVD patients with mild to moderate gait disorders,the levels of uric acid and hyperuricemia are positively correlated with the total burden of gait disorders.The gait disorders are mainly characterized by reduced bilateral pace,bilateral stride,and left step frequency.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of hematoma enlargement in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and construct a corresponding risk prediction nomogram. The screening effects of the constructed model and different hematoma enlargement risk assessment tools were compared and analyzed.Methods:Two hundred and thirty-two patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage from the Department of Neurosurgery, Lianyungang First People's Hospital from April 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the research subjects. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of hematoma expansion in patients with hyperhemamic intracerebral hemorrhage, and R software was used to construct a nomo diagram. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) goodness-of-fit were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the model, and the decision curve was used to analyze the clinical validity of the model. The constructed Nomo diagram, nine-point method and BRAIN score were used to assess the risk of hematoma enlargement in the included patients and used them as test variables, and the ROC curve was plotted to compare and analyze the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity of the constructed Nomo diagram, nine-point method and BRAIN score. The Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency between the Nomo diagram, the nine-point method, and the BRAIN score and the hematoma expansion results.Results:The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that blood pressure was poorly controlled ( OR=13.290, 95% CI: 3.676-48.049), ventricular penetration ( OR=4.825, 95% CI: 1.458-15.975), early neurological deterioration ( OR=27.740, 95% CI: 8.713-88.314), Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)≤8 points ( OR=25.883, 95% CI: 6.542-102.404) was the main influencing factor for hematoma expansion in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (The P values were <0.001, 0.010, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The H-L test results of Nomogram for predicting hematoma enlargement were χ2=3.20, P=0.525, the calibration curve was close to the ideal curve, and the mean absolute error was 0.015, and the decision curve analysis showed that the model had good clinical validity. The ROC results showed that the area under the ROC curve of the constructed Neumo diagram, nine-point method and BRAIN score were 0.971 (95% CI: 0.941-0.989), 0.696 (95% CI: 0.632-0.755), and 0.778 (95% CI: 0.719-0.830)(all P<0.001). The sensitivities were 94.37%, 71.83%, and 84.51%, and the specificities were 90.68%, 58.39%, and 65.84%, respectively. The results of Kappa test showed that the Kappa values of Nuomo diagram, nine-point method and BRAIN score were 0.806 , 0.264 and 0.429 (all P<0.001). Conclusion:The main influencing factors of hematoma enlargement in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were poor blood pressure control, intraventricular hemorrhage, early neurological deterioration, and GCS score. The effect of the constructed Nuomo diagram model in predicting hematoma expansion in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage is better than that of the nine-point method and the BRAIN score, which has clinical application value.

Background/Aims: Ubiquitination is widely involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating various cellular processes. However, systematic strategies for screening core ubiquitin-related genes, clarifying their functions and mechanisms, and ultimately developing potential therapeutics for patients with HCC are still lacking. Methods: Cox and LASSO regression analyses were performed to construct a ubiquitin-related gene prediction model for HCC. Loss- and gain-of-function studies, transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis were used to explore the function and mechanism of UBE2S on HCC cell glycolysis and growth. Results: Based on 1,423 ubiquitin-related genes, a four-gene signature was successfully constructed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with HCC. UBE2S was identified in this signature with the potential to predict the survival of patients with HCC. E2F2 transcriptionally upregulated UBE2S expression by directly binding to its promoter. UBE2S positively regulated glycolysis in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, thus promoting the proliferation of HCC cells. Mechanistically, UBE2S enhanced K11-linkage polyubiquitination at lysine residues 171 and 196 of VHL independent of E3 ligase, thereby indirectly stabilizing HIF-1α protein levels by mediating the degradation of VHL by the proteasome. In particular, the combination of cephalomannine, a small molecule compound that inhibits the expression of UBE2S, and PX-478, an inhibitor of HIF-1α, significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy. Conclusions UBE2S is identified as a key biomarker in HCC among the thousands of ubiquitin-related genes and promotes glycolysis by E3 enzyme-independent ubiquitination, thus serving as a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.

Objective:To explore the suitable prostate cancer screening mode under the medical community for primary hospitals.Methods:From April 2021 to April 2022, a total of 16007 male population ≥50 years from 9 branches of the medical community of the second hospital of Yinzhou participated in this study. They were divided into four groups according to age with group 1 of 50-59 years old, group 2 of 60-69 years old, group 3 of 70-79 years old, and group 4 of 80 years old and above. Serum tPSA was added to the routine physical examination, and the screening positive patients were referred to the referral hospital for further diagnosis and treatment under the mode of medical community. We proposed multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) for those with serum PSA ≥4 ng/ml and suspicious lesions should be scored according to PI-RADS V2. The ultrasound-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy was performed for those with PI-RADS ≥3 and those with PI-RADS < 3 but tPSA ≥10 ng/ml. The tPSA follow-up examinations were performed every 6 months for tPSA < 10 ng/ml and PI-RADS < 3 points and once a year for tPSA < 4 ng/ml.Results:Among the 16 007 male population ≥50 years, 2 007(12.54%) were found serum PSA ≥4 ng/ml, and 634(31.59%)were referred to the referral hospital through the medical community system. Combining tPSA and mpMRI, 271 patients underwent ultrasound-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy. Among them, 162 were finally diagnosed with PCa, with a biopsy positive rate of 59.78%. The detection rate of PCa in all the subjects was 1.01%. According to the pathological grade, 5(3.08%) were in ISUP group 1, 95(58.64%) in ISUP group 2-3, and 62(38.27%) in ISUP group 4-5. There were 102(62.96%), 39(24.07%) and 21(12.96%) with localized, locally advanced or metastatic PCa, respectively. The levels of tPSA in the four groups were (1.13±1.44)ng/ml, (1.77±3.45)ng/ml, (3.27±17.58)ng/ml, and (4.26±11.48)ng/ml, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). The positive number of biopsy in each group was 1 case(0.06%), 56 cases(0.79%), 81 cases(1.36%) and 24 cases(1.82%) respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). The number of ISUP 4-5 grades in each group was 0, 17(30.35%), 29(35.80%), and 16(66.67%) respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Based on the medical community system, according to the tPSA screening results of the primary hospitals, it is feasible and effective to refer suspicious patients to the referral hospitals for mpMRI examination, and screen prostate cancer by ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate fusion biopsy.