Objective: To investigate the current status of benefit finding among young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for improving the level of benefit finding in this population. Methods: From November 2022 to May 2023, young and middle-aged patients with T2DM aged 18-59 years hospitalized in the endocrinology departments of 2 tertiary hospitals in Hengyang City, Hunan Province were selected as survey subjects by a convenience sampling method. Basic demographic information was collected using a general questionnaire survey. Benefit finding, resourcefulness, and stigma were evaluated using the Benefit Finding Scale, the Chinese Version of the Resourcefulness Scale, and the Type 2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale, respectively. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of benefit finding among young and middle-aged patients with T2DM. Results: A total of 305 young and middle-aged patients with T2DM were investigated, including 222 males (72.79%) and 83 females (27.21%). There were 231 cases aged 45-59 years, accounting for 75.74%. The scores for benefit finding, resourcefulness, and stigma were (42.86±6.06), (75.12±11.30), and (41.20±10.10), respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that young and middle-aged patients with T2DM who were male (β′=0.088), aged 18-<45 years (β′=0.083), absence of diabetes complications (β′=0.124), and had higher resourcefulness scores (β′=0.679) had higher levels of benefit finding, while patients with higher stigma scores (β′=-0.097) had lower levels of benefit finding. Conclusion The level of benefit finding among young and middle-aged patients with T2DM was moderate, and was related to gender, age, diabetes complications, resourcefulness, and stigma.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of highly aspherical lenslets(HAL), defocus incorporated multiple segments(DIMS), and single-vision spectacle lenses(SVL)in slowing myopia progression in children and adolescents.

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, myopic children and adolescents aged 6-16 y who were prescribed spectacle lenses at the hospital between January 2023 and June 2023 were included. Participants were divided into the HAL, DIMS, and SVL groups according to the correction modality voluntarily selected by participants and their guardians. The follow-up duration was 12 mo. After 12 mo of wear, changes from baseline in sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent(SE), axial length(AL), flat corneal curvature(K1), steep corneal curvature(K2), mean corneal curvature, and binocular visual function \〖binocular cross-cylinder(BCC), negative/positive relative accommodation(NRA/PRA)\〗 were compared among the three groups after 12-month spectacle wear. Three groups were further stratified by age into age≤10 y and age>10 y subgroups to explore the effect of age on myopia control efficacy of defocus lenses.

RESULTS: A total of 159 myopic participants(159 eyes; only the right eye was included for each subject)were enrolled. In the HAL group(55 participants), there were 24 males and 31 females, with a mean age of 10.07±2.14 y. The DIMS group consisted of 60 participants(33 males, 27 females), with a mean age of 10.02±1.88 y. The SVL group included 44 participants(21 males, 23 females), with a mean age of 10.59±1.93 y. There were no significant differences in K1, K2, mean corneal curvature, NRA, BCC, and PRA among the three groups after 12-month spectacle wear(all P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the changes in sphere, SE, and AL(all P<0.05). The changes in sphere, cylinder, SE, and AL in the HAL and DIMS groups were significantly lower than those in the SVL group(all P<0.0167). The DIMS group showed a significantly smaller cylinder progression than the SVL group(P<0.0167). In participants aged≤10 y, the change in spherical power in the HAL group was significantly smaller than those in the DIMS group and SVL group after 12-month spectacle wear(all P<0.0167). The change in cylindrical power in the DIMS group was smaller than that in the SVL group(all P<0.0167). Among participants aged>10 y, the changes in spherical power, SE, and AL in both the HAL group and DIMS group were significantly smaller than those in the SVL group after 12-month spectacle wear(all P<0.0167).

CONCLUSION: Both HAL and DIMS lenses can effectively slow the progression of refractive error and AL elongation in children and adolescents, without significant adverse effects on binocular visual function. Among children≤10 y, HAL lenses yield superior spherical power control, whereas DIMS lenses provide better astigmatism control than SVL.

Objective:To establish a linear calibration method using two reference substances for seven characteristic peaks of Cassiae Semen under complicated chromatographic condition,and to optimize the method.Methods:Using 15 different types of screened chromatographic columns and 2 components as reference compounds pair,the linear calibration method with 2 reference substances was established to predict the retention time of the other 5 components,and the method was verified by unknown chromatographic columns and unknown samples.Combined with column confirmation number and average coincidence rate of target peaks,the location results were compared comprehen-sively,and the method was optimized according to the defect under the influence of complicated chromatographic condition.Results:The average conformity rate of the target peak of the method before optimization was 73.3％,and the average conformity rate of the target peak of the optimized method was 98.7％.The optimized method has a high-er average peak coincidence rate and a wider range of applicability for the chromatographic column.Conclusion:The optimized linear calibration method using two reference substances can assist the localization analysis of chromato-graphic peaks in the characteristic chromatogram under complicated chromatographic condition.

Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune liver disease often observed in middle-aged women.The early clinical symptoms of PBC are not obvious,and it can progress to liver cirrhosis and lead to various complications.Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)is the most effective drug for the treatment of PBC,but about 40%of the patients are still insensitive to UDCA,which can lead to slow progression of the disease.Accurate assessment of disease conditions and patient prognosis can help to optimize treatment regimens.This article reviews the research advances in prognostic models for PBC,in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of molecules related to the Nrf2/Keap1/p62 signaling pathway in patients with postoperative pulmonary inflammation after thoracic surgery,and explore its relationship with prognosis.Methods Sixty patients with postoperative pneumonia after thoracic surgery who met the criteria in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Taihe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects.Venous blood was collected from the pa-tients on the day before surgery,the first day after surgery,the third day after surgery,and the seventh day after surgery to detect the lev-els of superoxide dismutase(SOD),nitric oxide(NO),malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS)in peripheral blood,as well as the expression of Nrf2,Keap1,and p62 mRNA.The correlations between these indicators and the prognosis of postoperative pulmonary infection after thoracic surgery were analyzed.Results The SOD level of the patients decreased after the operation compared with that before the operation,reaching the lowest value on the first day after the operation.The levels of MDA and ROS increased after the operation,but slowly decreased on the seventh day after the operation.There was no significant change in the NO level compared with that before the operation.Compared with before the operation,the expression levels of Nrf2 and Keap1 in the patients decreased signifi-cantly on the first day after the operation,and then slowly increased.The expression level of p62 increased to the peak on the first day af-ter the operation,and then decreased.The results of lung function index measurement showed that the patients had pulmonary infection af-ter the operation,and the lung function level decreased significantly compared with that before the operation.Through ROC curve analy-sis,the dynamic changes of SOD,ROS,Nrf2,Keap1 and p62 in the patients with pulmonary inflammation after thoracic surgery have good predictive value for prognosis.Conclusion The changes of Nrf2/Keap1/p62 signaling pathway-related factors in patients with post-thoracic surgery-induced pulmonary inflammation are significantly correlated with the prognosis of these patients.Such changes can effectively predict the prognosis of patients from the perspective of the expression levels of related genes.

Objective To explore the application effectiveness of the"three-early education"model in professional quality education for medical psychology students.Methods Two groups were studied:medical psychology undergraduates of grade 2017 under conventional teaching and medical psychology undergraduates of grade 2019 under the"three-early education"model.Surveys were distributed at the end of the third academic year to evaluate their participation in research,clinical activities,and social practices,along with their satisfaction regarding the educational arrangement.Results Students from the grade 2019 cohort who received"three-early education"exhibited significantly higher rates of participation in research projects,clinical studies,and community engagement than students from the grade 2017 cohort who received traditional education(P＜0.05).In comparison to the grade 2017 cohort,the grade 2019 cohort showed significantly increased satisfaction levels in curriculum design,scheduling,evaluation methods,and professional proficiency(P＜0.05).Conclusion The"three-early education"model enhances the practical engagement and teaching satisfaction of medical psychology undergraduates,thereby improving their professional competence in the field of medical psychology.

Objective:To establish a linear calibration method using two reference substances for seven characteristic peaks of Cassiae Semen under complicated chromatographic condition,and to optimize the method.Methods:Using 15 different types of screened chromatographic columns and 2 components as reference compounds pair,the linear calibration method with 2 reference substances was established to predict the retention time of the other 5 components,and the method was verified by unknown chromatographic columns and unknown samples.Combined with column confirmation number and average coincidence rate of target peaks,the location results were compared comprehen-sively,and the method was optimized according to the defect under the influence of complicated chromatographic condition.Results:The average conformity rate of the target peak of the method before optimization was 73.3％,and the average conformity rate of the target peak of the optimized method was 98.7％.The optimized method has a high-er average peak coincidence rate and a wider range of applicability for the chromatographic column.Conclusion:The optimized linear calibration method using two reference substances can assist the localization analysis of chromato-graphic peaks in the characteristic chromatogram under complicated chromatographic condition.

Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune liver disease often observed in middle-aged women.The early clinical symptoms of PBC are not obvious,and it can progress to liver cirrhosis and lead to various complications.Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)is the most effective drug for the treatment of PBC,but about 40%of the patients are still insensitive to UDCA,which can lead to slow progression of the disease.Accurate assessment of disease conditions and patient prognosis can help to optimize treatment regimens.This article reviews the research advances in prognostic models for PBC,in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of molecules related to the Nrf2/Keap1/p62 signaling pathway in patients with postoperative pulmonary inflammation after thoracic surgery,and explore its relationship with prognosis.Methods Sixty patients with postoperative pneumonia after thoracic surgery who met the criteria in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Taihe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects.Venous blood was collected from the pa-tients on the day before surgery,the first day after surgery,the third day after surgery,and the seventh day after surgery to detect the lev-els of superoxide dismutase(SOD),nitric oxide(NO),malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS)in peripheral blood,as well as the expression of Nrf2,Keap1,and p62 mRNA.The correlations between these indicators and the prognosis of postoperative pulmonary infection after thoracic surgery were analyzed.Results The SOD level of the patients decreased after the operation compared with that before the operation,reaching the lowest value on the first day after the operation.The levels of MDA and ROS increased after the operation,but slowly decreased on the seventh day after the operation.There was no significant change in the NO level compared with that before the operation.Compared with before the operation,the expression levels of Nrf2 and Keap1 in the patients decreased signifi-cantly on the first day after the operation,and then slowly increased.The expression level of p62 increased to the peak on the first day af-ter the operation,and then decreased.The results of lung function index measurement showed that the patients had pulmonary infection af-ter the operation,and the lung function level decreased significantly compared with that before the operation.Through ROC curve analy-sis,the dynamic changes of SOD,ROS,Nrf2,Keap1 and p62 in the patients with pulmonary inflammation after thoracic surgery have good predictive value for prognosis.Conclusion The changes of Nrf2/Keap1/p62 signaling pathway-related factors in patients with post-thoracic surgery-induced pulmonary inflammation are significantly correlated with the prognosis of these patients.Such changes can effectively predict the prognosis of patients from the perspective of the expression levels of related genes.

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and efficacy of puncture cyanoacrylate selective seal （PCSS） under endoscopic ultrasound in the treatment of gastroesophageal varices （GOV）. MethodsA total of 100 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent endoscopic therapy for the secondary prevention of GOV bleeding in Beijing Ditan Hospital， Capital Medical University， from March 1 to December 31， 2023 were enrolled and randomly divided into PCSS group and traditional endoscopy group. The patients were followed up for 6 months after surgery， and the two groups were compared in terms of clinical outcome and complications. The primary outcome measure was the rate of alleviation or disappearance of GOV， and the secondary outcome measure was variceal rebleeding and death. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed or approximately normally distributed quantitative data between two groups， and the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed quantitative data between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of qualitative data between two groups. ResultsThere were 50 patients in the PCSS group， among whom 1 patient was lost to follow-up， and there were 50 patients in the traditional endoscopy group， among whom 3 patients were lost to follow-up. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline data such as age， sex， Child-Pugh class， varices grade， and GOV typing （all P>0.05）. Compared with the traditional endoscopy group， the PCSS group had significantly better results of the number of endoscopic treatment sessions （t=-15.671， P=0.001）， the total amount of tissue adhesive used （t=-2.830， P=0.006）， and the rate of alleviation or eradication of varices sclerosis （χ²=7.078， P=0.029）. Both groups had low rates of postoperative rebleeding， adverse reactions， and complications， and there were no significant differences between the two groups （all P>0.05）. ConclusionCompared with traditional endoscopy， PCSS can significantly enhance treatment outcome while maintaining safety standards.